Develop Reference

WithArgumentsForConstructor() extension method calls constructor

According to the FakeItEasy tutorial here the WithArgumentsForConstructor() extension method does not call the class constructor:
// Specifying arguments for constructor using expression. This is refactoring friendly!
// The constructor seen here is never actually invoked. It is an expression and it's purpose
// is purely to communicate the constructor arguments which will be extracted from it
var foo = A.Fake<FooClass>(x => x.WithArgumentsForConstructor(() => new FooClass("foo", "bar")));
However, the breakpoint in my Person class constructor is triggered in my test below. How so? Am I using WithArgumentsForConstructor() incorrectly?
[Test]
public void Constructor_With_Arguments()
{
var driver = A.Fake<Person>(x => x.WithArgumentsForConstructor(() => new Person("Jane", 42)));
var age = driver.GetAge();
Assert.AreEqual(42, age);
}
Stack trace:
MyStuff.Tests.Domain.dll!MyStuff.Tests.Domain.Driver.Person(string name, int age) Line 61 C#
DynamicProxyGenAssembly2!Castle.Proxies.DriverProxy.DriverProxy(Castle.DynamicProxy.IInterceptor[] value, string value, int value) Unknown
[Native to Managed Transition]
[Managed to Native Transition]
mscorlib.dll!System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceImpl(System.Reflection.BindingFlags bindingAttr, System.Reflection.Binder binder, object[] args, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, object[] activationAttributes, ref System.Threading.StackCrawlMark stackMark) Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Activator.CreateInstance(System.Type type, System.Reflection.BindingFlags bindingAttr, System.Reflection.Binder binder, object[] args, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, object[] activationAttributes) Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Activator.CreateInstance(System.Type type, object[] args) Unknown
FakeItEasy.dll!Castle.DynamicProxy.ProxyGenerator.CreateClassProxyInstance(System.Type proxyType, System.Collections.Generic.List<object> proxyArguments, System.Type classToProxy, object[] constructorArguments) Unknown
FakeItEasy.dll!Castle.DynamicProxy.ProxyGenerator.CreateClassProxy(System.Type classToProxy, System.Type[] additionalInterfacesToProxy, Castle.DynamicProxy.ProxyGenerationOptions options, object[] constructorArguments, Castle.DynamicProxy.IInterceptor[] interceptors) Unknown
FakeItEasy.dll!FakeItEasy.Creation.CastleDynamicProxy.CastleDynamicProxyGenerator.GenerateClassProxy(System.Type typeOfProxy, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<object> argumentsForConstructor, Castle.DynamicProxy.IInterceptor interceptor, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Type> allInterfacesToImplement) Unknown
FakeItEasy.dll!FakeItEasy.Creation.CastleDynamicProxy.CastleDynamicProxyGenerator.DoGenerateProxy(System.Type typeOfProxy, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Type> additionalInterfacesToImplement, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<object> argumentsForConstructor, Castle.DynamicProxy.IInterceptor interceptor) Unknown
FakeItEasy.dll!FakeItEasy.Creation.CastleDynamicProxy.CastleDynamicProxyGenerator.CreateProxyGeneratorResult(System.Type typeOfProxy, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Type> additionalInterfacesToImplement, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<object> argumentsForConstructor, FakeItEasy.Core.IFakeCallProcessorProvider fakeCallProcessorProvider) Unknown
FakeItEasy.dll!FakeItEasy.Creation.CastleDynamicProxy.CastleDynamicProxyGenerator.GenerateProxy(System.Type typeOfProxy, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Type> additionalInterfacesToImplement, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<object> argumentsForConstructor, FakeItEasy.Core.IFakeCallProcessorProvider fakeCallProcessorProvider) Unknown
FakeItEasy.dll!FakeItEasy.Creation.CastleDynamicProxy.CastleDynamicProxyGenerator.GenerateProxy(System.Type typeOfProxy, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Type> additionalInterfacesToImplement, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<object> argumentsForConstructor, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Reflection.Emit.CustomAttributeBuilder> customAttributeBuilders, FakeItEasy.Core.IFakeCallProcessorProvider fakeCallProcessorProvider) Unknown
FakeItEasy.dll!FakeItEasy.Creation.ProxyGeneratorSelector.GenerateProxy(System.Type typeOfProxy, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Type> additionalInterfacesToImplement, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<object> argumentsForConstructor, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Reflection.Emit.CustomAttributeBuilder> customAttributeBuilders, FakeItEasy.Core.IFakeCallProcessorProvider fakeCallProcessorProvider) Unknown
FakeItEasy.dll!FakeItEasy.Creation.FakeObjectCreator.GenerateProxy(System.Type typeOfFake, FakeItEasy.Creation.FakeOptions fakeOptions, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<object> argumentsForConstructor) Unknown
FakeItEasy.dll!FakeItEasy.Creation.FakeObjectCreator.CreateFake(System.Type typeOfFake, FakeItEasy.Creation.FakeOptions fakeOptions, FakeItEasy.Creation.IDummyValueCreationSession session, bool throwOnFailure) Unknown
FakeItEasy.dll!FakeItEasy.Creation.DefaultFakeAndDummyManager.CreateFake(System.Type typeOfFake, FakeItEasy.Creation.FakeOptions options) Unknown
FakeItEasy.dll!FakeItEasy.Creation.DefaultFakeCreatorFacade.CreateFake<SysSurge.DynMock.Tests.Domain.Driver>(System.Action<FakeItEasy.Creation.IFakeOptionsBuilder<SysSurge.DynMock.Tests.Domain.Driver>> options) Unknown
...

You're using it right.
But you understand it wrong.
// The constructor seen here is never actually invoked...
It means that it won't call the constructor exactly in this place. It will parse this expression and use the parameters to invoke the constructor somewhere inside. But it will invoke the constructor.
You can check this to put the breakpoint right inside the expression.

WPF on Windows 7: GetCultureInfo in ValueConverter causing StaticResourceExtension exception on Provide Value

I'm sorry if the title is a bit confused, but I don't really know how to shortly describe this issue.
I have a wpf windows application that runs fine in Windows 8 and 10 but crashes on Windows 7 when loading the main interface.
The exception the application was retunring was this:
Provide value on 'System.Windows.StaticResourceExtension' threw an
exception. StackTrace : at
System.Windows.Markup.WpfXamlLoader.Load(XamlReader xamlReader,
IXamlObjectWriterFactory writerFactory, Boolean
skipJournaledProperties, Object rootObject, XamlObjectWriterSettings
settings, Uri baseUri) at
System.Windows.Markup.WpfXamlLoader.LoadBaml(XamlReader xamlReader,
Boolean skipJournaledProperties, Object rootObject, XamlAccessLevel
accessLevel, Uri baseUri) at
System.Windows.Markup.XamlReader.LoadBaml(Stream stream, ParserContext
parserContext, Object parent, Boolean closeStream) at
System.Windows.Application.LoadBamlStreamWithSyncInfo(Stream stream,
ParserContext pc) at System.Windows.Application.LoadComponent(Uri
resourceLocator, Boolean bSkipJournaledProperties) at
System.Windows.Application.DoStartup() at
System.Windows.Application.<.ctor>b__1(Object unused) at
System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate
callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs) at
MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object
source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate
catchHandler)
Google told me that the issue may be the order in which I defined some static resources (Provide value on 'System.Windows.StaticResourceExtension) in my xaml file. Actually I have some DataTemplate defined as static resources in the Window.Resources tag, but as that post said, they are defined in the right order and the Window.Resources tag is the first child of the Window tag:
<Window x:Class="FlyMasterSyncGui.Forms.FlightLog"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:FlyMasterSyncGui.Forms"
xmlns:formsUtils="clr-namespace:FlyMasterSyncGui.FormsUtils"
Title="FlymasterSync" Height="372" Width="608"
Icon="../Assets/icon.ico"
WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen"
Closed="FlightLog_OnClosed"
Closing="FlightLog_OnClosing" Loaded="FlightLog_OnLoaded">
<Window.Resources>
<CollectionViewSource x:Key="groupedFlights" Source="{Binding TracksDb.Entries}">
<CollectionViewSource.GroupDescriptions>
<PropertyGroupDescription PropertyName="FlightInfo.Date" Converter="{formsUtils:YearConverter}" />
<PropertyGroupDescription PropertyName="FlightInfo.Date" Converter="{formsUtils:MonthConverter}" />
</CollectionViewSource.GroupDescriptions>
</CollectionViewSource>
<DataTemplate x:Key="InnerTemplate">
<Grid Margin="0,10,0,0">
<Border VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Background="#FF9CA7B4"
Padding="5,0,0,0">
[...]
Though, in this xaml I'm using some ValueConverters and after some attempts I found out that it is the MonthConverter that is firing the exception. The converter code is the following:
public class MonthConverter : MarkupExtension, IValueConverter
{
private MonthConverter _converter;
public MonthConverter()
{
}
public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
{
DateTime d = (DateTime)value;
//Exception Here
var monthName = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-en").DateTimeFormat.GetMonthName(d.Month);
return char.ToUpper(monthName[0]) + monthName.Substring(1);
}
public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
{
throw new NotSupportedException();
}
public override object ProvideValue(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
{
if (_converter == null) _converter = new MonthConverter();
return _converter;
}
}
The exception is called when I call:
CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-en").DateTimeFormat.GetMonthName(d.Month);
And I don't really understand why.
At the moment I just made a custom function that converts the month number into its name, so I don't need to call CultureInfo and I fixed the problem, but I'd like to know why this exception is fired and why it only happens on Windows 7.
Is xaml parsed differently in Windows 7?
Is the CultureInfo data loaded later on Window 7?
Thanks in advance for any reply :)

In Windows 7 the CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-en") throws a CultureNotFoundException. Try to use simply en or a region-specific culture, such as en-US. However, when converting to and from string, I would use the CultureInfo.InvariantCulture
See the available culture names here: http://www.csharp-examples.net/culture-names/

Exception on some older computers with EnsureContextIsEnlistedInCurrentTransaction EF 6.1.2

My application is using EF 6.1.2. I'm using autofac to register my datacontext as a single instance. Lazy loading is enabled and it's a code first db design.
I've recently been receiving error logs from users on much older systems (6+ years old). I've not been able to repeat the errors even on my old dell core solo 1.2 ghz and 2gb ram running windows 7.)
The exception message is below. They vary slightly but all seem to occur from within custom ui value converters.
11/10/2015 14:13:01::Error|MFR.UI.Bootstrap.MfrBootstrapper|Stack Trace: at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ObjectContext.EnsureContextIsEnlistedInCurrentTransaction[T](Transaction currentTransaction, Func`1 openConnection, T defaultValue)
at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ObjectContext.EnsureConnection(Boolean shouldMonitorTransactions)
at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ObjectContext.ExecuteInTransaction[T](Func`1 func, IDbExecutionStrategy executionStrategy, Boolean startLocalTransaction, Boolean releaseConnectionOnSuccess)
at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ObjectQuery`1.<>c__DisplayClass7.<GetResults>b__5()
at System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DefaultExecutionStrategy.Execute[TResult](Func`1 operation)
at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ObjectQuery`1.GetResults(Nullable`1 forMergeOption)
at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ObjectQuery`1.<System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T>.GetEnumerator>b__0()
at System.Data.Entity.Internal.LazyEnumerator`1.MoveNext()
at System.Linq.Enumerable.FirstOrDefault[TSource](IEnumerable`1 source)
at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ELinq.ObjectQueryProvider.<GetElementFunction>b__1[TResult](IEnumerable`1 sequence)
at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ELinq.ObjectQueryProvider.ExecuteSingle[TResult](IEnumerable`1 query, Expression queryRoot)
at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ELinq.ObjectQueryProvider.System.Linq.IQueryProvider.Execute[TResult](Expression expression)
at System.Data.Entity.Internal.Linq.DbQueryProvider.Execute[TResult](Expression expression)
at System.Linq.Queryable.FirstOrDefault[TSource](IQueryable`1 source, Expression`1 predicate)
at MFR.UI.Converters.EmployeeDisplayNameValueConverter.Convert(Object value, Type targetType, Object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
at Infragistics.Windows.DataPresenter.Field.ConvertValue(Object value, DataRecord record)
at Infragistics.Windows.DataPresenter.DataRecord.GetCellValue(Field field, Boolean useConverter)
at Infragistics.Windows.DataPresenter.DataRecord.GetCellValue(Field field, CellValueType cellValueType)
at Infragistics.Windows.DataPresenter.CellValuePresenter.get_Value()
at Infragistics.Windows.DataPresenter.CellValuePresenter.InitializeCellLevelSettings(DataRecord newRecord, DataRecord oldRecord, Field newField, Field oldField, Boolean isWithinRecord)
at Infragistics.Windows.DataPresenter.CellValuePresenter.InitializeField(Field newField, Field oldField)
at Infragistics.Windows.DataPresenter.CellValuePresenter.OnPropertyChanged(DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
at System.Windows.DependencyObject.NotifyPropertyChange(DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args)
at System.Windows.DependencyObject.UpdateEffectiveValue(EntryIndex entryIndex, DependencyProperty dp, PropertyMetadata metadata, EffectiveValueEntry oldEntry, EffectiveValueEntry& newEntry, Boolean coerceWithDeferredReference, Boolean coerceWithCurrentValue, OperationType operationType)
at System.Windows.DependencyObject.SetValueCommon(DependencyProperty dp, Object value, PropertyMetadata metadata, Boolean coerceWithDeferredReference, Boolean coerceWithCurrentValue, OperationType operationType, Boolean isInternal)
at System.Windows.DependencyObject.SetValue(DependencyProperty dp, Object value)
at Infragistics.Windows.DataPresenter.VirtualizingDataRecordCellPanel.InitializeCellElement(Control element, Field field, Record record, Boolean isHeader)
at Infragistics.Windows.DataPresenter.VirtualizingDataRecordCellPanel.InitializeCellElement(Control element, Field field, Nullable`1 isMouseOverCellArea)
at Infragistics.Windows.DataPresenter.VirtualizingDataRecordCellPanel.CreateCellElement(Int32 index, Field field, Boolean useCellPresenter, Nullable`1 isMouseOverCellArea)
at Infragistics.Windows.DataPresenter.VirtualizingDataRecordCellPanel.VerifyCellsInView(Size elementSize)
at Infragistics.Windows.DataPresenter.VirtualizingDataRecordCellPanel.ArrangeOverride(Size finalSize)
at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.ArrangeCore(Rect finalRect)
at System.Windows.UIElement.Arrange(Rect finalRect)
at MS.Internal.Helper.ArrangeElementWithSingleChild(UIElement element, Size arrangeSize)
at System.Windows.Controls.ContentPresenter.ArrangeOverride(Size arrangeSize)
at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.ArrangeCore(Rect finalRect)
... more of the same
at System.Windows.ContextLayoutManager.UpdateLayout()
at System.Windows.ContextLayoutManager.UpdateLayoutCallback(Object arg)
at System.Windows.Media.MediaContext.InvokeOnRenderCallback.DoWork()
at System.Windows.Media.MediaContext.FireInvokeOnRenderCallbacks()
at System.Windows.Media.MediaContext.RenderMessageHandlerCore(Object resizedCompositionTarget)
at System.Windows.Media.MediaContext.AnimatedRenderMessageHandler(Object resizedCompositionTarget)
at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
The value converter which is called:
public class EmployeeDisplayNameValueConverter :
{
protected readonly Func<IDataContext> Repo;
protected EmployeeDisplayNameValueConverter()
{
Repo = IoC.Get<Func<IDataContext>>();
}
public override object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
{
if (value == null)
{
return null;
}
if (value is string)
{
{
var key = value.ToString();
var found = Repo.Invoke().Employees.FirstOrDefault(e => e.Id == key);
if (found == null)
{
return string.Empty;
}
return string.Format("{0}, {1} {2}", found.LastName, found.FirstName, found.MiddleInitial);
}
}
}
}
Any thoughts or suggestions as to what I could look into? As mentioned, I can't repeat the issue locally myself, making it more difficult - but only seems to be a problem on "older" machines.

How to enable $expand and $select on ODataQueryOptions?

The issue started here, where I am unable to call $select or $expand on results.
Given:
var results = options.ApplyTo(_uow.Repository<ContentType>()
.Query()
.Get()
.Include(u => u.User)
.Where(u => u.UserId == userId)
.OrderBy(o => o.Description)).Cast<ContentType>()
.Select(x => new ContentTypeDTO()
{
//projection goes here
ContentTypeId = x.ContentTypeId,
Description = x.Description,
UserDTO = new UserDTO
{
UserId = x.UserId,
UserName = x.User.UserName
}
});
Exception:
Unable to cast the type
'System.Web.Http.OData.Query.Expressions.SelectExpandBinder+SelectSome`1[[Project.DAL.Data.Models.ContentType,
Project.DAL.Data, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral,
PublicKeyToken=null]]' to type 'Project.DAL.Data.Models.ContentType'.
LINQ to Entities only supports casting EDM primitive or enumeration
types."
Based on this solution, I understand that when $select or $expand are applied to the result, it is no longer a ContentType, as is expected by the Cast<ContentType>(). That solution uses HierarchyNodeExpressionVisitor, which I am unable to locate.
I want to use 'options.ApplyTo()' as I want the filtering done on the db server, to ensure I don't get back an inflated data set with hundreds of thousands of rows.
Is there a suggested way of getting around this?
-- UPDATE --
In using #Schandlich 's suggested solution below, the operation still fails with the Ok override:
Locals:
+ this {Project.AdminWebsite.Api.Controllers.ContentTypeController} Project.AdminWebsite.Api.Controllers.ODataBaseController {Project.AdminWebsite.Api.Controllers.ContentTypeController}
+ content {System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DbQuery<Project.Core.UI.Models.ContentTypeDTO>} object {System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DbQuery<Project.Core.UI.Models.ContentTypeDTO>}
+ type {Name = "DbQuery`1" FullName = "System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DbQuery`1[[Project.Core.UI.Models.ContentTypeDTO, Project.Core, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null]]"} System.Type {System.RuntimeType}
+ resultType {Name = "OkNegotiatedContentResult`1" FullName = "System.Web.Http.Results.OkNegotiatedContentResult`1[[System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DbQuery`1[[Project.Core.UI.Models.ContentTypeDTO, Project.Core, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null]], EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]]"} System.Type {System.RuntimeType}
+ result {System.Web.Http.Results.OkNegotiatedContentResult<System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DbQuery<Project.Core.UI.Models.ContentTypeDTO>>} System.Web.Http.IHttpActionResult {System.Web.Http.Results.OkNegotiatedContentResult<System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DbQuery<Project.Core.UI.Models.ContentTypeDTO>>}
Call stack:
> Project.AdminWebsite.dll!Project.AdminWebsite.Api.Controllers.ODataBaseController.Ok(object content, System.Type type) Line 27 C#
Project.AdminWebsite.dll!Project.AdminWebsite.Api.Controllers.ContentTypeController.Get(System.Web.Http.OData.Query.ODataQueryOptions<Project.DAL.Data.Models.ContentType> odataQueryOptions) Line 132 C#
[Lightweight Function]
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Controllers.ReflectedHttpActionDescriptor.ActionExecutor.GetExecutor.AnonymousMethod__9(object instance, object[] methodParameters) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Controllers.ReflectedHttpActionDescriptor.ActionExecutor.Execute(object instance, object[] arguments) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Controllers.ReflectedHttpActionDescriptor.ExecuteAsync(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpControllerContext controllerContext, System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary<string,object> arguments, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Tracing.Tracers.HttpActionDescriptorTracer.ExecuteAsync.AnonymousMethod__1() Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Tracing.ITraceWriterExtensions.TraceBeginEndAsync<object>(System.Web.Http.Tracing.ITraceWriter traceWriter, System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage request, string category, System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceLevel level, string operatorName, string operationName, System.Action<System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceRecord> beginTrace, System.Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task<object>> execute, System.Action<System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceRecord,object> endTrace, System.Action<System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceRecord> errorTrace) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Tracing.Tracers.HttpActionDescriptorTracer.ExecuteAsync(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpControllerContext controllerContext, System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary<string,object> arguments, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Controllers.ApiControllerActionInvoker.InvokeActionAsyncCore() Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncMethodBuilderCore.Start<System.Web.Http.Controllers.ApiControllerActionInvoker.InvokeActionAsyncCore>(ref System.Web.Http.Controllers.ApiControllerActionInvoker.InvokeActionAsyncCore stateMachine) Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<System.__Canon>.Start<System.Web.Http.Controllers.ApiControllerActionInvoker.InvokeActionAsyncCore>(ref System.Web.Http.Controllers.ApiControllerActionInvoker.InvokeActionAsyncCore stateMachine) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Controllers.ApiControllerActionInvoker.InvokeActionAsyncCore(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpActionContext actionContext, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Controllers.ApiControllerActionInvoker.InvokeActionAsync(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpActionContext actionContext, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Tracing.Tracers.HttpActionInvokerTracer.System.Web.Http.Controllers.IHttpActionInvoker.InvokeActionAsync.AnonymousMethod__1() Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Tracing.ITraceWriterExtensions.TraceBeginEndAsync<System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage>(System.Web.Http.Tracing.ITraceWriter traceWriter, System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage request, string category, System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceLevel level, string operatorName, string operationName, System.Action<System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceRecord> beginTrace, System.Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task<System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage>> execute, System.Action<System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceRecord,System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage> endTrace, System.Action<System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceRecord> errorTrace) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Tracing.Tracers.HttpActionInvokerTracer.System.Web.Http.Controllers.IHttpActionInvoker.InvokeActionAsync(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpActionContext actionContext, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Controllers.ActionFilterResult.ActionInvoker.InvokeActionAsync() Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Controllers.ActionFilterResult.ExecuteAsync() Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncMethodBuilderCore.Start<System.Web.Http.Controllers.ActionFilterResult.ExecuteAsync>(ref System.Web.Http.Controllers.ActionFilterResult.ExecuteAsync stateMachine) Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<System.__Canon>.Start<System.Web.Http.Controllers.ActionFilterResult.ExecuteAsync>(ref System.Web.Http.Controllers.ActionFilterResult.ExecuteAsync stateMachine) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Controllers.ActionFilterResult.ExecuteAsync(System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.ApiController.ExecuteAsync(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpControllerContext controllerContext, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Tracing.Tracers.HttpControllerTracer.ExecuteAsyncCore() Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncMethodBuilderCore.Start<System.Web.Http.Tracing.Tracers.HttpControllerTracer.ExecuteAsyncCore>(ref System.Web.Http.Tracing.Tracers.HttpControllerTracer.ExecuteAsyncCore stateMachine) Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<System.__Canon>.Start<System.Web.Http.Tracing.Tracers.HttpControllerTracer.ExecuteAsyncCore>(ref System.Web.Http.Tracing.Tracers.HttpControllerTracer.ExecuteAsyncCore stateMachine) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Tracing.Tracers.HttpControllerTracer.ExecuteAsyncCore(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpControllerContext controllerContext, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Tracing.Tracers.HttpControllerTracer.System.Web.Http.Controllers.IHttpController.ExecuteAsync.AnonymousMethod__0() Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Tracing.ITraceWriterExtensions.TraceBeginEndAsync<System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage>(System.Web.Http.Tracing.ITraceWriter traceWriter, System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage request, string category, System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceLevel level, string operatorName, string operationName, System.Action<System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceRecord> beginTrace, System.Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task<System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage>> execute, System.Action<System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceRecord,System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage> endTrace, System.Action<System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceRecord> errorTrace) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Tracing.Tracers.HttpControllerTracer.System.Web.Http.Controllers.IHttpController.ExecuteAsync(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpControllerContext controllerContext, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpControllerDispatcher.SendAsyncCore(System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage request, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpControllerDispatcher.SendAsync() Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncMethodBuilderCore.Start<System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpControllerDispatcher.SendAsync>(ref System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpControllerDispatcher.SendAsync stateMachine) Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<System.__Canon>.Start<System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpControllerDispatcher.SendAsync>(ref System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpControllerDispatcher.SendAsync stateMachine) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpControllerDispatcher.SendAsync(System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage request, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Net.Http.dll!System.Net.Http.HttpMessageInvoker.SendAsync(System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage request, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpRoutingDispatcher.SendAsync(System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage request, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Net.Http.dll!System.Net.Http.DelegatingHandler.SendAsync(System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage request, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Tracing.Tracers.RequestMessageHandlerTracer.AnonymousMethod__FabricatedMethod6() Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Tracing.Tracers.RequestMessageHandlerTracer.SendAsync.AnonymousMethod__1() Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Tracing.ITraceWriterExtensions.TraceBeginEndAsync<System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage>(System.Web.Http.Tracing.ITraceWriter traceWriter, System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage request, string category, System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceLevel level, string operatorName, string operationName, System.Action<System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceRecord> beginTrace, System.Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task<System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage>> execute, System.Action<System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceRecord,System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage> endTrace, System.Action<System.Web.Http.Tracing.TraceRecord> errorTrace) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.Tracing.Tracers.RequestMessageHandlerTracer.SendAsync(System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage request, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Net.Http.dll!System.Net.Http.DelegatingHandler.SendAsync(System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage request, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.HttpServer.AnonymousMethod__FabricatedMethod9() Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.HttpServer.SendAsync() Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncMethodBuilderCore.Start<System.Web.Http.HttpServer.SendAsync>(ref System.Web.Http.HttpServer.SendAsync stateMachine) Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<System.__Canon>.Start<System.Web.Http.HttpServer.SendAsync>(ref System.Web.Http.HttpServer.SendAsync stateMachine) Unknown
System.Web.Http.dll!System.Web.Http.HttpServer.SendAsync(System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage request, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Net.Http.dll!System.Net.Http.HttpMessageInvoker.SendAsync(System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage request, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) Unknown
System.Web.Http.WebHost.dll!System.Web.Http.WebHost.HttpControllerHandler.ProcessRequestAsyncCore() Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncMethodBuilderCore.Start<System.Web.Http.WebHost.HttpControllerHandler.ProcessRequestAsyncCore>(ref System.Web.Http.WebHost.HttpControllerHandler.ProcessRequestAsyncCore stateMachine) Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder.Start<System.Web.Http.WebHost.HttpControllerHandler.ProcessRequestAsyncCore>(ref System.Web.Http.WebHost.HttpControllerHandler.ProcessRequestAsyncCore stateMachine) Unknown
System.Web.Http.WebHost.dll!System.Web.Http.WebHost.HttpControllerHandler.ProcessRequestAsyncCore(System.Web.HttpContextBase contextBase) Unknown
System.Web.Http.WebHost.dll!System.Web.Http.WebHost.HttpControllerHandler.ProcessRequestAsync(System.Web.HttpContext context) Unknown
System.Web.dll!System.Web.HttpTaskAsyncHandler.System.Web.IHttpAsyncHandler.BeginProcessRequest.AnonymousMethod__0() Unknown
System.Web.dll!System.Web.TaskAsyncHelper.BeginTask(System.Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task> taskFunc, System.AsyncCallback callback, object state) Unknown
System.Web.dll!System.Web.HttpTaskAsyncHandler.System.Web.IHttpAsyncHandler.BeginProcessRequest(System.Web.HttpContext context, System.AsyncCallback cb, object extraData) Unknown
System.Web.dll!System.Web.HttpApplication.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() Unknown
System.Web.dll!System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep step, ref bool completedSynchronously) Unknown
System.Web.dll!System.Web.HttpApplication.PipelineStepManager.ResumeSteps(System.Exception error) Unknown
System.Web.dll!System.Web.HttpApplication.BeginProcessRequestNotification(System.Web.HttpContext context, System.AsyncCallback cb) Unknown
System.Web.dll!System.Web.HttpRuntime.ProcessRequestNotificationPrivate(System.Web.Hosting.IIS7WorkerRequest wr, System.Web.HttpContext context) Unknown
System.Web.dll!System.Web.Hosting.PipelineRuntime.ProcessRequestNotificationHelper(System.IntPtr rootedObjectsPointer, System.IntPtr nativeRequestContext, System.IntPtr moduleData, int flags) Unknown
System.Web.dll!System.Web.Hosting.PipelineRuntime.ProcessRequestNotification(System.IntPtr rootedObjectsPointer, System.IntPtr nativeRequestContext, System.IntPtr moduleData, int flags) Unknown
[Native to Managed Transition]
[Managed to Native Transition]
System.Web.dll!System.Web.Hosting.PipelineRuntime.ProcessRequestNotificationHelper(System.IntPtr rootedObjectsPointer, System.IntPtr nativeRequestContext, System.IntPtr moduleData, int flags) Unknown
System.Web.dll!System.Web.Hosting.PipelineRuntime.ProcessRequestNotification(System.IntPtr rootedObjectsPointer, System.IntPtr nativeRequestContext, System.IntPtr moduleData, int flags) Unknown
[AppDomain Transition]
Error Message:
Unable to cast the type 'System.Web.Http.OData.Query.Expressions.SelectExpandBinder+SelectAll`1[[Project.DAL.Data.Models.ContentType, Project.DAL.Data, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null]]' to type 'Project.DAL.Data.Models.ContentType'. LINQ to Entities only supports casting EDM primitive or enumeration types.

From $select and $expand break ODataQueryOptions -- how to fix?
public IHttpActionResult Get(ODataQueryOptions<YourEntity> odataQueryOptions)
{
//Your applyTo logic and results.
if (odataQueryOptions.SelectExpand != null)
{
Request.SetSelectExpandClause(odataQueryOptions.SelectExpand.SelectExpandClause);
}
return Ok(results, results.GetType());
}
private IHttpActionResult Ok(object content, Type type)
{
Type resultType = typeof(OkNegotiatedContentResult<>).MakeGenericType(type);
return Activator.CreateInstance(resultType, content, this) as IHttpActionResult;
}
But as I stated in your other question, keep looking for ways to avoid manually applying the results if you can.

How can I analyze an exception like this?

When debugging my application I get the following exception.
I know it has to do with an update method for an INotify property, but how to find out exactly what's going wrong. I can't get a decent stack call.
The complete exception info is:
System.Windows.Markup.XamlParseException was unhandled
HResult=-2146233087
Message='The invocation of the constructor on type 'PcgTools.MainWindow' that matches the specified binding constraints threw an exception.' Line number '4' and line position '9'.
Source=PresentationFramework
LineNumber=4
LinePosition=9
StackTrace:
at System.Windows.Markup.WpfXamlLoader.Load(XamlReader xamlReader, IXamlObjectWriterFactory writerFactory, Boolean skipJournaledProperties, Object rootObject, XamlObjectWriterSettings settings, Uri baseUri)
at System.Windows.Markup.WpfXamlLoader.LoadBaml(XamlReader xamlReader, Boolean skipJournaledProperties, Object rootObject, XamlAccessLevel accessLevel, Uri baseUri)
at System.Windows.Markup.XamlReader.LoadBaml(Stream stream, ParserContext parserContext, Object parent, Boolean closeStream)
at System.Windows.Application.LoadBamlStreamWithSyncInfo(Stream stream, ParserContext pc)
at System.Windows.Application.LoadComponent(Uri resourceLocator, Boolean bSkipJournaledProperties)
at System.Windows.Application.DoStartup()
at System.Windows.Application.<.ctor>b__1(Object unused)
at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler)
at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeImpl()
at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean preserveSyncCtx)
at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean preserveSyncCtx)
at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.Invoke()
at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.ProcessQueue()
at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.WndProcHook(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled)
at MS.Win32.HwndWrapper.WndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled)
at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.DispatcherCallbackOperation(Object o)
at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler)
at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.LegacyInvokeImpl(DispatcherPriority priority, TimeSpan timeout, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.SubclassWndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
at MS.Win32.UnsafeNativeMethods.DispatchMessage(MSG& msg)
at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrameImpl(DispatcherFrame frame)
at System.Windows.Application.RunInternal(Window window)
at System.Windows.Application.Run()
at PcgTools.App.Main() in c:\PcgTools\nodes\KorgKronosTools\obj\Debug\App.g.cs:line 0
InnerException: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException
HResult=-2146233086
Message=Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
Parameter name: index
Source=mscorlib
ParamName=index
StackTrace:
at System.Collections.Generic.List`1.get_Item(Int32 index)
at PcgTools.Model.Common.Synth.Timbre.get_UsedProgram() in c:\PcgTools\nodes\KorgKronosTools\Model\Common\Synth\Timbre.cs:line 137
at PcgTools.Model.Common.Synth.Timbre.RefillColumns() in c:\PcgTools\nodes\KorgKronosTools\Model\Common\Synth\Timbre.cs:line 612
at PcgTools.Model.Common.Synth.Timbre.OnPcgRootPropertyChanged(Object sender, PropertyChangedEventArgs e) in c:\PcgTools\nodes\KorgKronosTools\Model\Common\Synth\Timbre.cs:line 574
at System.ComponentModel.PropertyChangedEventHandler.Invoke(Object sender, PropertyChangedEventArgs e)
at Common.Mvvm.ObservableObject.OnPropertyChanged(String propertyName, Boolean verifyPropertyName) in c:\PcgTools\nodes\Common\Mvvm\ObservableObject.cs:line 47
at PcgTools.Model.Common.Synth.Memory.set_ReadingFinished(Boolean value) in c:\PcgTools\nodes\KorgKronosTools\Model\Common\Synth\Memory.cs:line 74
at PcgTools.Model.Common.File.KorgFileReader.Read(String fileName) in c:\PcgTools\nodes\KorgKronosTools\Model\Common\File\KorgFileReader.cs:line 116
at PcgTools.ViewModels.MainViewModel.ReadAndShowFile(String fileName, Boolean checkAutoLoadMasterFileSetting) in c:\PcgTools\nodes\KorgKronosTools\ViewModels\MainViewModel.cs:line 367
at PcgTools.ViewModels.MainViewModel.HandleAppArguments() in c:\PcgTools\nodes\KorgKronosTools\ViewModels\MainViewModel.cs:line 1030
at PcgTools.MainWindow..ctor() in c:\PcgTools\nodes\KorgKronosTools\MainWindow.xaml.cs:line 221
InnerException:

This kind of message apeears when XAML initialization triggers erroneous initialization code (at line 4 in MainWindow.xaml file). The real cause is described in inner exception. It indicates that in Timbre.cs:line 137 a list was accessed with an invalid index.
Since, it shows line number for that file, I assume you have its source code, at least in form of a .pdb file. Than you can set a break-point in there to see what's going on.
An excellent tool for tracking such unclear exceptions is IntelliTrace, but it's only available for VS Ultimate.