Develop Reference

Keeping camera & mouse movement speeds the same on Drag in Unity3D

this question is a bit long but please bare with me.
I am working with Unity3D's newer input system, and I've been able to set up camera movement so when the user clicks the middle mouse button, they can drag the camera around along the X- & Y-axis. However, has a very parallax-y feel to it, which I am trying to avoid. From my understanding this is happening because the speed of the mouse movement & the camera movements are not the same (See, visual).
My InputController class:
public class InputController : MonoBehaviour
{
private InputControls inputControls;
[Header("Camera Movement")]
[SerializeField] CameraController cameraController;
private InputAction.CallbackContext context;
void Awake()
{
inputControls = new InputControls();
}
private void Start()
{
inputControls.Mouse.MiddleButton.started += MiddleButton_started;
}
public void MiddleButton_started(InputAction.CallbackContext ctx)
{
context = ctx;
}
private void Update()
{
bool mouseIsDown = context.performed;
if (mouseIsDown)
{
Vector2 delta = inputControls.Mouse.DeltaPosition.ReadValue<Vector2>();
cameraController.Move(delta, false);
}
}
}
My CameraController class:
public class CameraController : MonoBehaviour
{
[SerializeField] Vector2 minPosition;
[SerializeField] Vector2 maxPosition;
[SerializeField] float speed = 3;
[SerializeField] float zPosition = -10f;
private Camera mainCam;
private void Start()
{
mainCam = GetComponent<Camera>();
}
public void Move(Vector2 deltaPosition, bool convertToViewportPoint = true)
{
if (convertToViewportPoint) deltaPosition = mainCam.ScreenToViewportPoint(deltaPosition);
Vector3 moveTo = new Vector3(deltaPosition.x, deltaPosition.y, 0);
Vector3 target = transform.position - moveTo;
float clampedX = Mathf.Clamp(target.x, minPosition.x, maxPosition.x);
float clampedY = Mathf.Clamp(target.y, minPosition.y, maxPosition.y);
transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(transform.position, new Vector3(clampedX, clampedY, -10), speed * Time.deltaTime);
}
}
Now, in this version of the CameraController, the parallax-y feel might be coming from the fact that the Lerp speed is constant, whereas the speed of the mouse movement is not.
However, I've tested it with various magnitudes (ie., the magnitudes of the delta mouse position, the current mouse position, the current mouse position subtracted from the delta mouse position, etc...) with generally the same results -- either the camera moves too fast for the mouse or vice versa.
From my limited but growing understanding of trig, magnitudes represents the speed of a vector but I CANNOT get the speed of the camera movement and the speed of the mouse movement to match up. I would like for this to happen so that when the user clicks a certain point, that point generally stays under the cursor when in movement (See other visual).
Can someone help me understand how I might achieve this?
Thanks kindly.

What I did to solve this, in case anyone comes across this, is get the position of the cursor when the mouse is first clicked. We can call that dragOrigin. Then we can get the change in position as the mouse moves (polling the input through Unity's input system can be done through an Update function). Then we subtract the new mouse position from dragOrigin. Once we have that difference -- lets call it deltaPosition -- we just add it to the camera's current position.
To ensure that the speed matches that of the mouse, run the deltaPosition and the currentMousePosition through SmoothDamp to get the velocity of the change. Its magnitude will be the speed you want the camera to move.
So for example:
// Call this when the user first clicks the mouse.
// Lets assume this is part of a class that controls the camera.
public void SetDragOrigin(Vector2 mousePosition)
{
// could probably cache Camera.main for efficiency
dragOrigin = Camera.main.ScreenToWorldPoint(mousePosition);
}
// This is called in an update function of another class that deals with input.
// (Or perhaps you can simply pass the input controls to the class controlling the camera, but that's not the case here).
public void Move(Vector2 newMousePosition)
{
mousePosition = mainCam.ScreenToWorldPoint(mousePosition);
Vector2 deltaPosition = dragOrigin - mousePosition;
Vector3.SmoothDamp(deltaPosition, mousePosition, ref dragVelocity, 0.1f, 250f, Time.deltaTime);
cameraPosition += new Vector3(deltaPosition.x, deltaPosition.y, 0) * dragVelocity.magnitude * Time.deltaTime;
// anything else you want to do like clamping camera position
// ....
}
One thing to note here, is that the 5th argument of SmoothDamp is the maxSpeed. I hardcoded it in this example, but you might want to play around with it. When I did not set the maxSpeed, there was some wonky things happening to the dragVelocity over time, so it may be better to set the maxSpeed to what suits you best.

Struggling in Unity 3d object Controls

I'm totally new to Unity and game development...I made a 2D object of the car that can move to 8 directions....each direction with the specific animation of the car's movement...Now, how do I make my car move in such a way that if it's moving straight LEFT it shouldn't go immediately straight to RIGHT when turning RIGHT, so I want it to make a proper round turn or a "U TURN" to move towards its opposite direction and obviously the same with UP and DOWN turns....can anyone please help me in at least one way I can fix this?
or the other way to ask this question would be if I'm moving my object to x = -1 direction then on turning to x = 1 it should first go through x = 0 and then x = 1 so that it looks like a turn.
this is the code for my CAR so far..
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class CARmovement : MonoBehaviour
{
public float speed;
private Rigidbody2D myRigidbody;
private Vector3 change;
private Animator animator;
private Vector3 lastMoveDirection;
// Start is called before the first frame update
void Start()
{
animator = GetComponent<Animator>();
myRigidbody = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{
change = Vector3.zero;
change.x = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
change.y = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
UpdateAnimationAndMove();
}
void UpdateAnimationAndMove()
{
if (change != Vector3.zero)
{
MoveCar();
animator.SetFloat("moveX", change.x);
animator.SetFloat("moveY", change.y);
animator.SetBool("driving", true);
}
else
{
animator.SetBool("driving", false);
}
}
void MoveCar()
{
myRigidbody.MovePosition(transform.position + change * speed * Time.deltaTime);
}
}

I try an example of rotating a car. We add an object (here I add a car as an example), select the object (car) to create a C# Script script, double-click to open, we define two variables Speed_move, Speed_rot to control the movement speed and Rotation speed and assign values to them. We use Translate to control the forward and backward movement of the cube through the W and S buttons, forward with forward, and back with back; use Rotate to control the rotation of the object through the A and D buttons, up is the Y-axis rotation. The following is the code for the specific rotation.
if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.W))
{
this.transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * Time.deltaTime * Speed_move);
}
if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.S))
{
this.transform.Translate(Vector3.back * Time.deltaTime * Speed_move);
}
if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.A))
{
this.transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime * -Speed_rot);
}
if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.D))
{
this.transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime * Speed_rot);
}

How to continue moving when I decrease speed

I am creating a game that is set in Zero-gravity. I am using a script that can be found here https://github.com/brihernandez/ArcadeSpaceFlightExample
The movement is controlled by a throttle that can be increased/decreased using the mouse wheel or 'w' and 's' keys.
This code controls the mouse wheel and is the same for the 'w' and 's' keys.
private void UpdateMouseWheelThrottle()
{
throttle += Input.GetAxis("Mouse ScrollWheel");
throttle = Mathf.Clamp(throttle, 0.0f, 1.0f);
}
The object that is accelerated by the throttle stops moving when I decrease the throttle and does not drift or continue moving as it should in zero gravity.
This is the code that controls the physics.
public class PlayerPhysics: MonoBehaviour
{
[Tooltip("X: Lateral thrust\nY: Vertical thrust\nZ: Longitudinal Thrust")]
public Vector3 linearForce = new Vector3(100.0f, 100.0f, 100.0f);
[Tooltip("X: Pitch\nY: Yaw\nZ: Roll")]
public Vector3 angularForce = new Vector3(100.0f, 100.0f, 100.0f);
[Range(0.0f, 1.0f)]
[Tooltip("Multiplier for longitudinal thrust when reverse thrust is requested.")]
public float reverseMultiplier = 1.0f;
[Tooltip("Multiplier for all forces. Can be used to keep force numbers smaller and more readable.")]
public float forceMultiplier = 100.0f;
public Rigidbody Rigidbody { get { return rbody; } }
private Vector3 appliedLinearForce = Vector3.zero;
private Vector3 appliedAngularForce = Vector3.zero;
private Rigidbody rbody;
private Player player;
void Awake()
{
rbody = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
if (rbody == null)
{
Debug.LogWarning(name + ": ShipPhysics has no rigidbody.");
}
player = GetComponent<Player>();
}
void FixedUpdate()
{
if (rbody != null)
{
rbody.AddRelativeForce(appliedLinearForce * forceMultiplier, ForceMode.Force);
rbody.AddRelativeTorque(appliedAngularForce * forceMultiplier, ForceMode.Force);
}
}
public void SetPhysicsInput(Vector3 linearInput, Vector3 angularInput)
{
appliedLinearForce = MultiplyByComponent(linearInput, linearForce);
appliedAngularForce = MultiplyByComponent(angularInput, angularForce);
}
private Vector3 MultiplyByComponent(Vector3 a, Vector3 b)
{
Vector3 ret;
ret.x = a.x * b.x;
ret.y = a.y * b.y;
ret.z = a.z * b.z;
return ret;
}
}
And here is the code that instantiates both.
public class Player: MonoBehaviour
{
public static Player Playerdrone { get { return player; } }
private static Player player;
private PlayerInput input;
private PlayerPhysics physics;
public Vector3 Velocity { get { return physics.Rigidbody.velocity; } }
public float Throttle { get { return input.throttle; } }
// Start is called before the first frame update
void Awake()
{
input = GetComponent<PlayerInput>();
physics = GetComponent<PlayerPhysics>();
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{
physics.SetPhysicsInput(new Vector3(input.strafe, 0.0f, input.throttle), new Vector3(input.pitch, input.yaw, input.roll));
}
}
I cannot get the Rigidboy to keep drifting when I decrease the throttle, my option is to either abandon the throttle concept and use a simple "Addforce" but I would prefer to keep it.
I have edited the script to have a similar function to the 'Roll' that used 'w' and 's' but moves me forwards and backward. I still find myself decelerating when I let go of the input.
Lowering drag and angular causes the object to spin out of control due to the mouse following function. The mouse does not center the camera and instead causes the camera to keep rotating and tracking the mouse. Changing the mouse script will cause it's own issues since it controls the pitch and yaw of the object.
private void SetStickCommandsUsingMouse()
{
Vector3 mousePos = Input.mousePosition;
// Figure out most position relative to center of screen.
// (0, 0) is center, (-1, -1) is bottom left, (1, 1) is top right.
pitch = (mousePos.y - (Screen.height * 0.5f)) / (Screen.height * 0.5f);
yaw = (mousePos.x - (Screen.width * 0.5f)) / (Screen.width * 0.5f);
// Make sure the values don't exceed limits.
pitch = -Mathf.Clamp(pitch, -1.0f, 1.0f);
yaw = Mathf.Clamp(yaw, -1.0f, 1.0f);
}

The object that is accelerated by the throttle stops moving when I decrease the throttle and does not drift or continue moving as it should in zero gravity.
The Rigidbody component has properties that can be changed in the Inspector (documented here) (and also via script (documented here)):
Mass: The mass of the object (in kilograms by default).
Drag: How much air resistance affects the object when moving from forces. 0 means no air resistance, and infinity makes the object
stop moving immediately.
It sounds like your Drag value might be too large (?).
Although this example project uses "space mechanics" (effectively with no air resistance), the Drag property can still be used to tune the movement and "drift behavior" of the rigidbody, and to control how long it will keep decelerating after the throttle value went down to 0.
Alternatively, you could try to experiment with other ForceMode parameters for the Add*Force() calls: ForceMode.Acceleration or ForceMode.VelocityChange (which is ignoring the mass of the rigidbody).
To make your game more "realistic", you could instead set the Drag property to 0 (no air resistance like in real space -> infinite drift), and try to actively decelerate the ship by experimenting with retrograde rockets/thrusters, by adding a force in backward direction. However, that's probably quite impractical for an arcade game, I guess.
There are also the global Physics settings of the project, which can be found under Edit -> Project settings -> Physics (documented here). There, you'll also find many important physics settings (like Gravity, for example).
(It can also be interesting to have a look at the official docs of the PhysX physics engine, which Unity uses internally for its 3D physics, to understand how things actually work under the hood...)

How to loop MoveTowards?

In mini game what I'm working on in Unity I want to loop movetowards. I want to move object and back to 1st position but not only 1 time. Now I have this code what give me working "move to postition and back system". How can I change this code to make loop in moving?
public class TestMovement : MonoBehaviour
{
public float speed = 3;
public Vector3 target = Vector3.zero;
private Vector3 origin;
void Start(){
origin = transform.position;
}
void Update(){
TestTransform ();
}
void TestTransform (){
transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards (transform.position, target, speed * Time.deltaTime);
if (transform.position == target) target = origin;
}
}

TestTransform is getting called from Update, meaning it gets called once for every frame. So, you are essentially already in a loop (an endless loop as long as your game is running). Let's look at your existing code and your desired outcome:
Your existing code starts immediately moving toward the target. Upon reaching the target, it switches the target back to the origin, and starts moving back toward this new target.
Your code is changing the "target" to origin on the first pass. After that, once it has returned to the new "target" (which is now "origin"), it's just sitting there, testing that transform.position == target, and setting target = origin over and over on every frame.
If you want the object to bounce back and forth between origin and target, there are a couple of changes you need to make:
You need a third Vector3 (let's call it "currentTarget").
On start, set currentTarget = target.
In TestTransform, change where you're testing against and changing "target" to operate on "currentTarget" instead. When you change it, you'll need to consider whether currentTarget is set to target or origin, and pick the other as your next target.
End result should be "currentTarget" changes back and forth between "target" and "origin".
Side note: as someone else mentioned in comment, testing for exact equality of vectors won't always work -- you should be checking the distance between vectors and waiting for it to be less than some very small value.

this alow you to have as many positions to move as you want, just create empty GameObjects for each target and add them to list in inspector. Your transform will move in loop, of course if you want only 2 positions add 2 elements to list. (ps. i added everything in your script just to make it easy to understand, i would recomend to make another method CheckNextPosition() with the logic that manages targets)
public class TestMovement : MonoBehaviour
{
public float speed = 3;
public List<Transform> targets= new List<Transform();
public Transform target;
protected int currentTargetIndex=0;
void Start(){
origin = transform.position;
target= targets[currentTargetIndex];
}
void Update(){
TestTransform ();
}
void TestTransform (){
transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards (transform.position, target.position, speed * Time.deltaTime);
if (transform.position == target.position)//check if you reached the target
{
if(currentTargetIndex >= targets.Count)//check if you reached the last position in your targets list
{
currentTargetIndex=0;//go to first target in your target list
}
else
{
currentTargetIndex++;// go to next target in your target list
}
target=targets[currentTargetIndex];// set the next target
}
}
}

Use Mathf.PingPong to easily do oscillation.
float distanceBetweenPosts = Vector3.Distance(origin, target);
float distanceTowardTarget = Mathf.PingPong(Time.time * speed, distanceBetweenPosts);
float percentageDistance = distanceTowardTarget / distanceBetweenPosts;
Vector3 currentOffset = (target-origin ) * percentageDistance;
Vector3 currentPosition = origin + currentOffset;
transform.position = currentPosition;
If you want to set a specific time startTime for the target starting at origin, then you can use :
float distanceTowardTarget = Mathf.PingPong((Time.time-startTime) * speed,
distanceBetweenPosts);

Unity C# vector 2 movement issues

I'm Making a movement script with vector 2 and Rigidbody.velocity. I want my gameobject to move until a certain x pos and then return to the initial pos, all of that while moving continiously. I achieved the first part, it goes backwards when it reaches a certain point but then the backwards movement never stops:
public float spawnPos;
public float currentPos;
public float constantSpeed = 3;
public float speed = 0;
KeyInput scriptBeholderKI;
Rigidbody2D squadRigidBody;
//Comprovation of spawnposition and KeyInput
//Script adquisition
void Start () {
spawnPos = transform.position.x;
scriptBeholderKI = gameObject.GetComponent <KeyInput> ();
squadRigidBody = gameObject.GetComponent <Rigidbody2D> ();
}
void FixedUpdate () {
//Movement
squadRigidBody.velocity = new Vector2 (constantSpeed + speed , 0);
//key inputs
if (Input.GetKeyDown (scriptBeholderKI.forward)) {
StopAllCoroutines ();
StartCoroutine (RightMovement(0f));
}
if (Input.GetKeyDown (scriptBeholderKI.backwards)) {
StopAllCoroutines ();
StartCoroutine (LeftMovement (0f));
}
}
//Speed values (Right, Left)
IEnumerator RightMovement (float Rloop) {
while (transform.position.x < constantSpeed * Time.time + spawnPos + 14) {
speed = 10f;
yield return new WaitForSeconds (Rloop);
}
if (transform.position.x> constantSpeed * Time.time + spawnPos + 14) {
StopAllCoroutines ();
StartCoroutine (LeftMovement (0f));
}
}
IEnumerator LeftMovement (float Lloop) {
while (transform.position.x > constantSpeed * Time.time + spawnPos) {
speed = -7f;
yield return new WaitForSeconds (Lloop);
}
}
If you also see anything that could be improved pls make me note c:
edit:
when I press the forward input my gameobject moves until it reaches a point, when I press the bacwards one it moves to the left nonstop.
also the thing is that I want my target to move at the constantspeed of the gameobject, thats why I use Time.time. the movements I do with the inputs are more properly said accelerations. I want my target to be always at the same relative distance from the gameobject, since the game starts. At least the maxium reach to the right is the one I want...
And I also tried to remove the stop all coroutines block and nothing, I but my intention was to be able to cancel the movement whenever I want (I removed the one in the RightMovement coroutine, however. It wasn't neecesary after all)
one last thing: I changed "FixedUpdate" for "Update" because it gave me problems with my inputs response, I don't know if it's relevent but just in case.

I think you are mistaking the Time.time variable. Just like yes mentions in his comment
Time.time is the time in seconds since the start of the game.
This means, as time moves by, so will your target, which will slowly but surely move away.
Instead of Time.time you could however use Time.deltaTime
Time.deltaTime is the time in seconds it took to complete the last frame
This is most often used for movement.
When you multiply with Time.deltaTime you essentially express: I want to move this object 10 meters per second instead of 10 meters per frame, if the multiplication is 10.
Unity docs: Time.deltaTime