Develop Reference

How to control the maximum value of variables?

As the title says, I would like to set the maximum value of the skill, stam and luck integers to the value of the related *Max integers. The *Max int values are set randomly during the start up of the program and the regular values are changed throughout the running of the program. There may be a few instances where the *Max value gets increased or decreased during play.
public static int skillMax = 0;
public static int stamMax = 0;
public static int luckMax = 0;
public static int skill = skillMax;
public static int stam = stamMax;
public static int luck = luckMax;
As my knowledge of C# is still in its infancy, I have not tried much. However I have searched far and wide on the internet however and not been able to find anything except for the MinValue and MaxValue fields and this piece of code with no explanation:
protected int m_cans;
public int Cans
{
get { return m_cans; }
set {
m_cans = Math.Min(value, 10);
}
}
Thanks in advance for any advice you throw my way!

Explanation for the code: Cans is a property. Properties provide controlled access to class or struct fields (variables). They consist of two methods called get to return a value and set to assign the value. A property can also have only a getter or only a setter.
The property Cans stores its value in a so called backing field. Here m_cans. The setter gets the new value through the keyword value.
Math.Min(value, 10) returns the minimum of the two parameters. I.e., for example, if value is 8, then 8 is assigned to m_cans. If value is 12, then 10 is assigned to m_cans.
You can use this property like this
var obj = new MyCalss(); // Replace by your real class or struct name.
obj.Cans = 20; // Calls the setter with `value` = 20.
int x = obj.Cans; // Calls the getter and returns 10;
Properties help to implement the principle of Information hiding.
You can easily adapt this example your variables. Often class level variables (fields) are prepended with _ to differentiate them from local variables, i.e. variables declared in methods. Properties are written in PascalCase.
private static int _skillMax; // Fields are automatically initialized to the default
// value of their type. For `int` this is `0`.
public static int SkillMax
{
get { return _skillMax; }
set {
_skillMax = value;
_skill = _skillMax; // Automatically initializes the initial value of Skill.
// At program start up you only need to set `SkillMax`.
}
}
private static int _skill;
public static int Skill
{
get { return _skill; }
set { _skill = Math.Min(value, _skillMax); }
}

Create methods to update values
private static void UpdateSkill(int newValue)
{
skill = newValue;
skillMax = newValue > skillMax ? newValue : skillMax;
}

Assign objects data into another object with out passing reference in c#

public class ABC
{
public int x;
public int y;
}
ABC _prevABC;
ABC abc;
public void A()
{
_prevABC = new ABC();
_prevABC = abc;
abc.x = 10;
}
public void B()
{
abc = _prevABC;
}
In above methods I called A and then B , even then abc.x value is 10 which I updated in A.
So it seems even though I created new Object of ABC and assigning with = its just passing reference.
How to assign with out passing reference?

_prevABC = abc line is making you problem, you assign reference of abc to _prevABC.
If your class actually holds only some values like in example you gave you could use struct because it assigns values instead reference.
If you want to keep class then you could do something like this:
_prevABC = new ABC();
_prevABC.x = abc.x;

How is it possible to make an object array public with a variable

I want this following array to be public with a int variable to two functions.
I do not know how to write this as a struct. I know this struct can be GET and SET but I am stuck on how to write for this array. This has been nagging me about C OOP for a long time.
int pixelCount = 0
public CustomVertex.TransformedColored[] points_data
= new CustomVertex.TransformedColored[pixelCount];

My mindreading skills are at half tilt today, if Ive got this entirely wrong I apologise.
I think what you're after is an Indexer, which allows you to add array-like get/set access to your own classes.
public class MyClass
{
private CustomVertex.TransformedColored[] points_data;
public CustomVertex.TransformedColored this[int pixelCount]
{
get{ return points_data[pixelCount]; }
set{ points_data[pixelCount] = value; }
}
}
Usage:
var obj = new MyClass();
obj[0] = some_value; //set
var result = obj[0]; // get

How do I call a getter or setter in C#

I understand how to create a getters and setters
public myClass
{
public int myVal { get; set; }
// more stuff
}
but I don't understand how to call it later on.
public myOtherClass
{
public myOtherClass()
{
myClass localMyClass = new myClass();
localMyClass.???set??? = 42;
// Intelisense doesn't seem to give any obvious options after I enter
// the period.
}
}
How should I set the value of myVal in localMyClass?

localMyClass.myVal = 42;
Getters and setters let you treat the values like public properties. The difference is, you can do whatever you want inside the functions that do the getting and setting.
Examples:
store other variables
private int _myVal, myOtherVal;
public int MyVal { get; set { _myVal = value; myOtherVal++; } }
make numbers up / return constants
public int MyVal { get { return 99; } set; }
throw away the setter
private int _myVal;
public int MyVal { get { return _myVal; } set { ; } }
In each of these cases, the user will feel like it's just a public data member, and simply type
localMyClass.myVal = 42;
int i = localMyClass.myVal;
The gettors and settors let you make an implementation of your own. Also, as Hogan says, "There are a number of libraries and add-ons [e.g. MVC.NET] that require you to use getter and setter functions" - even if it's for the trivial {get; set;} case.

Set:
localMyClass.myVal = 42
Get:
int variable = localMyClass.myVal;

From the outside, the syntax for accessing getters and setters is indistinguishable from that of accessing variables. Assignments translate into calls of setters, while plain expression uses translate into calls of getters.
In intellisense, the list of getters and setters should open upon placing a dot . after the variable name. Properties should have blue markers to the left of them (as opposed to magenta-colored markers to the left of methods).

You want this
localMyClass.myVal = 42;
to call the setter
and this
varName = localMyClass.myVal;
to call the getter.

Get: var tmp = localMyClass.myVal;
Set: localMyClass.myVal = 2;

knowing get;set in c#

I am writing following code,
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace ReadOnlyObject
{
class Program
{
private readonly int a = 20;
private readonly int b;
public int propa{get;private set;}
public int propb { get; private set; }
public Program(int tmp)
{
b = tmp;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Program obj1 = new Program(30);
Console.WriteLine(obj1.propa); // Console.WriteLine(obj1.a);
Console.WriteLine(obj1.propb); // Console.WriteLine(obj1.b);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
After executing the above i got o/p as follows,
0
0
And when I change the code by replacing two commented statements printing direct member variables I got output as,
20
30
Why is so?
As far I know about properties they are associated with their definition in order the member variables are declared.

You have confusion about auto property, so:
private readonly int a = 20;
private readonly int b;
public int propa{get {return a; }}
public int propb { get {return b;} private set {b = value;} }
now this will print 20, 30

There are two ways to define properties in C#.
The first, the traditional way;
int myProperty;
public int MyProperty
{
get { return myProperty; }
set { myProperty = value; }
}
the second, the auto-property;
public int MyProperty {get;set;}
The first contains a backing variable that you reference in the property accessor. The second implicitly creates a backing variable, because the developers of the language understood that there are a lot of cases where you just need a property!
You can put scope on the auto-property, because you might want to prevent people from setting the value, but internally to the object you should be able to update the value of it.
"As far I know about properties they are associated with their
defination in order the member variables are declated."
Just to clarify all of what you were asking, unless I am reading this statement incorrectly, you're thinking that if you declare variable a and b and the property a and property b that they'll be associated. This is an incorrect assumption.

propa and a are not associated in your example. The compiler is making them auto-implemented properties. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb384054.aspx If you want propa associated with a then you'd do:
public int propa{get { return a;} }

You're not initializing either property. You also can't set the value of b from a setter if it's marked readonly. You can implement your own 'readonly' type by just not letting the value get set more than once. (Although it doesn't stay true to the constraint that it needs to be initialized in the constructor)
Try this:
private readonly int a = 20;
public int A { get { return a; } }
private int b;
private bool bInitialized = false;
public int B
{
get { return b; }
private set
{
if (bInitialized) return;
bInitialized = true;
b = value;
}
}

The way your code is written propb and propa CANNOT be set outside the scope of the class. so remove the keyword private from the set keyword
if you wrote this.propb = b in your constructor, then I think it should work more like you are expecting.