So I am using Tesseract with C# to read english text and it works like a charm. I use pre-trained data from the tesseract repo:https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tessdata
So far, so good. However, I fail to understand how to solve the following situation: I have an image with a maximum of three numbers on it:
I also followed this tutorial in order to train my own data but I failed to understand what exactly I am doing mid-way:https://pretius.com/how-to-prepare-training-files-for-tesseract-ocr-and-improve-characters-recognition/
In this tutorial, they used some existing font and train their network accordingly. However, I do not know what this font is. I tried to figure it out myself but was overwhelmed by the huge amount of information about tesseract and actually do not have any idea where to start.
I was wondering if the following would be possible: I have lots of pictures looking like that(in fact, every possible character with every possible color, only difference is that the background is different):
etc...
And with those pictures, I want to train the network, without using any existing font files.
My algorithm right now does not use tesseract, it just screenshots the position of the numbers and I compare pixel-wise. I do not like this appoach though, as the accuracy is something like 60%.
Thanks for your help in advance
Related
I'm trying to develop a Windows Phone 8.1 App but I need to recognize some numbers from different Displays.
I was following this example:
http://bsubramanyamraju.blogspot.com/2014/08/windowsphone-81-optical-character.html
That is using the Microsoft OCR Runtime Library:
https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.Windows.Ocr/
However, it doesn't work when I'm trying to recognize those kinds of pics. Even I found this site:
https://www.unix-ag.uni-kl.de/~auerswal/ssocr/
Does anyone have a recommendation? Or Does anyone know any code related to it?
Thank for your worthy knowledge.
I wish the answer to your question would be "Sure, here it is" with link to a black-box process-anything OCR tool, but there are several aspects involved, which are best considered separately.
First, there is some work on image pre-processing BEFORE you even consider any OCR. Your image samples are very drastically different, and include full range of issues.
SAMPLE 1 has low contrast, so when it is binarized to black and white layer, which most OCR will perform internally at some stage, there are no characters to process. It looks like this after binarization:
See this OCR Blog post for additional details on image pre-processing: http://www.ocr-it.com/guide-to-better-mobile-images-from-cell-phone-camera-for-higher-quality-ocr.
Secondly, the image has no dpi information in the header, which some OCR technologies use to determine appropriate scaling of the image. Without header information, some OCR programs may set some default dpi, which may or may not match your image, thus affecting the OCR result. This is NOT critical, but preferred if this can be implemented at the time of picture creation.
SAMPLE 2 has sufficient contrast and adaptive notarization returns a clear image. It is also missing dpi resolution value in the header.
SAMPLE 3 has very clear contrast, but it also has no resolution dpi in the header.
Once you have images that are optimized for OCR processing, the next step is to look at OCR technologies.
I did NOT test the once you mentioned, assuming you had correct implementation and yet no success with them. I tested other OCR tools I have used in the past.
In general, there is no 7-segment OCR known to me. However, I was able to adapt to other generic OCR for this specialized task. Every OCR I tried'out-of-box' or with default settings is unable to handle this recognition. And it is logical and expected. Why? Because most generic OCR are written to recognize inseparable pixel patterns for each character. This is related to the "character separability" principle used to separate words into separate characters. In other words, inner OCR algorithms look for connected strokes which make up each character. More powerful commercial OCR allows some breaks in pixel patterns, but they are expected to be minimal to none, like defects in print or scan, which may result in missing character pieces.
7-segment display by nature will have multiple breaks in each character, conflicting with the character separability principle.
More powerful OCR technologies have a) more tolerance to breaks in pixel patterns and/or b) have special settings to handle these cases.
I will perform further testing with OCR-IT web-based OCR API platform, which is well known to me. I worked as a developer on its OCR capabilities. I also use it extensively in my own iOS and Android apps. OCR-IT API is based on a strong commercial OCR engine, so it is having good tolerance to character imperfections as well as some controls to help in this case.
SAMPLE 3. This is the easiest sample to process, so I tested it first. Using OCR-IT API, and making a request with default settings, requesting the output to TXT format, I get the following:
It appears that OCR is a) segmenting characters into two separate lines, and b) tries to read resulting patters as close as possible to valid characters.
Based on this quick analysis, making one adjustments to OCR settings results in the following recognition:
The setting that made substantial difference in OCR result is switching from default print type to using "DotMatrix", which is in the middle of this entire OCR-IT API settings XML:
<Job>
<InputURL>http://i.stack.imgur.com/wOtFx.jpg</InputURL>
<CleanupSettings>
<Deskew>false</Deskew>
<RemoveGarbage>false</RemoveGarbage>
<RemoveTexture>false</RemoveTexture>
<RotationType>NoRotation</RotationType>
</CleanupSettings>
<OCRSettings>
<PrintType>DotMatrix</PrintType>
<OCRLanguage>English</OCRLanguage>
<SpeedOCR>false</SpeedOCR>
<AnalysisMode>MixedDocument</AnalysisMode>
<LookForBarcodes>false</LookForBarcodes>
</OCRSettings>
<OutputSettings>
<ExportFormat>Text</ExportFormat>
</OutputSettings>
</Job>
The use of DotMatrix print type turned on necessary algorithms to increase tolerance for breaks in character structure, which commonly occurs by nature of dot-matrix printers in dot-matrix prints. Alternatively, a "Typewriter" print type could be used, since character breaks are also expected in typewritten fonts, thus being automatically handled by OCR.
There could be one more change to the API setting to run OCR using "Digits" character set (language), effectively eliminating any possibility of misreading 1 as I, etc.
SAMPLE 2. In this sample, the gaps in each character's structure are much wider. Even standard algorithms for handling DotMatrix or Typerwriter print types cannot accommodate these wide gaps. The use of all possible setting variations returned something like this:
Character segmentation seems to be the issue. One technical solution goes back to image pre-processing. A simple algorithm can be implemented to fill in gaps between each segment of the 7-segment character. It does not have to be very precise, something like this:
But that is enough to produce a perfect OCR result.
Since it may be unknown in advance which 7-segment LCD display will require filled in gaps, and which does not, I recommend applying this algorithm to all LCD 7-segment images, with small or large gaps. I would limit the size of the gap to no wider than the width of a segment. Given these screens come in various background and segment colors, this pre-procession algorithm can be substantially simplified if it is performed on binarized (black & white) image.
Overall, this task is possible with OCR and near out-of-box functionality, assuming that some image pre-processing is performed. In general, I believe that image pre-processing is required for any OCR-related project anyway, specific to that project.
If you have any further questions about OCR or image pre-processing, pm me.
Despite it has been a while since Ilya's answer and thanks to his advice and other ones, especially this one:
Seven Segment Optical Character Recognition
I was able to create my own class in C#:
https://github.com/FANMixco/7-segment-ocr-reader/blob/master/OCR/SevenSegmentOCR.cs
Feel free to use it and improve it.
I am trying to OCR and extract the email form the images. The images are supposed to have one line of text which is the email address.
I am using EmguCV.OCR to extract the text (email address) from those images. The target is to have 100% accurate result.
We can fix the font and size of the text. For example Ariel, 12pt, so that all the images will have email written in Ariel 12pt with black on white background.
The problem is that Tesseract OCR in EmguCV is not recognizing the text properly. It recognizes only 80% of the characters accurately.
I am using preprocessing with Leptonica library.
Here are some sample images I am trying to recognize.
Is there any way to achieve the target of 100% accuracy
With those sample images I can suggest two ways to solve the same problem. In those images JPEG artifacts are present (the result of lossy compression). Because of this, the letters are becoming connected to each other (zoom in on the image in a program where you can see the actual pixels, windows photo viewer worked fine for me). TesseractOCR relies on spacing between letters (it uses connected components) to do character recognition. Have any pieces connected throws off the recognition process which means it tries to recognize the combination of "co" as one letter.
Two possible solutions:
I'm not sure what preprocessing steps are already being done, but you'll want to do some thresholding to removing the lighter shades on the image (disconnecting the characters). However, you have to be careful with this as it may remove more than what you want.
If at any time during this process you have a higher resolution image, or a non-jpeg/lossy format (i.e. png), then keep it in this format as you do other processing steps. Try to avoid any lossy compression that might happen. It sounds like these images don't come to you as shown above. This is the preferable solution as you wont risk losing too data.
I tried to recognize your images with ABBYY Cloud OCR SDK and got 100% accuracy.
You can use Demo Tool to make sure of recognition accuracy.
I work for ABBYY and can give you more information about our technologies if you need.
I have following scanned document, with the logo on it, and I have another black and white image with same logo and style (Shown in black and white color below).
How do I make sure that the logo is present on this image or not?
Usually I will have many scanned documents, OCR will pickup MTNL, but sometimes these logos are just made up of symbols not recognized easily by OCR.
Size and position of logos change, they are not fixed many times. They may be placed anywhere on the document.
I want to organize and catalog scanned images based on the logos and symbols present. Most documents may or may not be in english, may or may not contain any bar codes, in such case logo match will help.
I have seen Aforge.NET library, but I am not very much sure which methods to combine to do search. Pixels search is very slow and fails if source destination are of different size.
I have heard that YouTube does some sort of Histogram or Heat Signature match to see if the video contains any copyrighted material. I will be helpful if someone can guide me in this case.
My ideal choice would be C# and Aforge.NET, otherwise some command line tool will be appreciated.
You can try using Aforge.net
Check these links
1) http://www.aforgenet.com/articles/shape_checker/
2) http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/9727/Image-Processing-Lab-in-C
3) http://www.aforgenet.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=323
Detect useful features in your logo image, and look for those features in the scanned document. SIFT is a useful feature descriptor that is scale and rotation invariant. Other descriptors include SURF and HOG.
If you look around, there will be plenty of implementations, some of them even in C#.
You can use this small utility:
https://github.com/remdex/logoDetect
It worked for me. Perhaps it will work for you also.
i searched with no result. If i copy other topic, please delete, not making mess.
I have question about image recognition OCR using C#
I am working on image which shows the scrabble.
First i converted image to grayscale, thresholded to find out only black letters and then I used median to avoid the walls around letters.
Now, how to start to get at the end function which will recognize letter? Should i somehow now separate 'foreach' letters :-) or just start recognizing ? On what problem should i take attention before start recognizing? Any sources will be welcome. :-)
Any idea will be also very helpful.
Well, this is a big, vast discussion...
If you don't want to reinvent the wheel, I suggest you use Tesseract, an open source OCR in C++, or Tessnet2 which is a .NET wrapper around it.
I had the same approach as yours, i.e. grayscale then thresholds etc in .NET, then I adapted a bit Tesseract (Tessnet2 is a wrapper around Tesseract 2.0, not 3.x which is the actual version) to have a good interface for OCR output then I have good results.
Here is another subject on OCR and Tesseract on Stack Overflow which describes more precisely what it consists in.
Of course if what you want is play with OCR concepts to make them work by yourself, this is not the good way :-)
I am currently working on a project and my goal is to locate text in an image. OCR'ing the text is not my intention as of yet. I want to basically obtain the bounds of text within an image. I am using the AForge.Net imaging component for manipulation. Any assistance in some sense or another?
Update 2/5/09:
I've since went along another route in my project. However I did attempt to obtain text using MODI (Microsoft Office Document Imaging). It allows you to OCR an image and pull text from it with some ease.
This is an active area of research. There are literally oodles of academic papers on the subject. It's going to be difficult to give you assistance especially w/o more deatails. Are you looking for specific types of text? Fonts? English-only? Are you familiar with the academic literature?
"Text detection" is a standard problem in any OCR (optical character recognition) system and consequently there are lots of bits of code on the interwebs that deal with it.
I could start listing piles of links from google but I suggest you just do a search for "text detection" and start reading :). There is ample example code available as well.
recognizing text inside an image is indeed a hot topic for researchers in that field, but only begun to grow out of control when captcha's became the "norm" in terms of defense against spam bots. Why use captcha's as protection? well because it is/was very hard to locate (and read) text inside an image!
The reason why I mention captcha's is because the most advancement* is made within that tiny area, and I think that your solution could be best found there.
especially because captcha's are indeed about locating text (or something that resembles text) inside a cluttered image and afterwards trying to read the letters correctly.
so if you can find yourself a good open source captcha breaking tool you probably have all you need to continue your quest...
You could probably even throw away the most dificult code that handles the character recognition itself, because those OCR's are used to read distorted text, something you don't have to do.
*: advancement in terms of visible, usable, and practical information for a "non-researcher"
If you're ok with using an online API for this, the API at http://www.wisetrend.com/wisetrend_ocr_cloud.shtml can do text detection in addition to just OCR.
Stroke width transform can do that for you. That's at least what MS developed for their mobile phone OS. A discussion on the implementation is here at https://stackoverflow.com/