Develop Reference

How do you handle using Appium to test both an iOS and an Android device with the same code?

I notice they both have different drivers (at least for c# that I am using).
private AppiumDriver<AndroidElement> _driver;
private IOSDriver<IOSElement> _iosDriver;
How do you handle all the different locators etc. Do you write two versions of the code, one for iOS and the other for Android.
Would appreciate any advice you can offer.
I was hoping to create a method like:
internal void ClickOKButton(driver)
{
driver.FindElementById("okBtn").Click();
}
and use the method as:
page.ClickOKButton(IOSElement> driver) <-- for iOS
page.ClickOKButton(AppiumDriver<AndroidElement> driver) <-- for Android
Is this possible? Thanks

I'll try to give you an answer based on my experience with both Android and iOS projects, only that i've always used them seperately instead of the same project (Java based).
After analyzing both Appium Android and iOS projects, I have the following highlights. All these things can, with the right statements, be handled in the same project.:
Sorry if this makes less sense in C#, but I hope this gives you an indication of the differences
Same NPM packages although iOS can only be executed on Mac OS X
Drivers are different for iOS and Android:
AndroidDriver<MobileElement> driver = new AndroidDriver<>(new URL("http://0.0.0.0:4723/wd/hub"), cap); <- for Android
IOSDriver<MobileElement> driver = new IOSDriver<>(new URL("http://0.0.0.0:4723/wd/hub"), cap); <- for iOS
Capabilities are different for iOS and Android (I have not specifically synchronized these throughout the different projects)
Android
DesiredCapabilities cap = new DesiredCapabilities();
cap.setCapability("platformVersion", platformVersion);
cap.setCapability("deviceName", deviceName);
cap.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
cap.setCapability("noReset", true);
cap.setCapability("app", APP);
cap.setCapability("avd", EMULATOR);
iOS
DesiredCapabilities cap = new DesiredCapabilities();
cap.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, deviceName);
cap.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.UDID, "auto");
cap.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME, "iOS");
cap.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION, platformVersion);
cap.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.NO_RESET, true);
cap.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.FULL_RESET, false);
cap.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME, "XCUITest");
cap.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP, app);
cap.setCapability("showXcodeLog", false);
PageFactorys are different for Locators (I create a new Java class to make a library of Elements and make an instance in the Main)
Android - PageFactory for elements
public Elements(AndroidDriver<MobileElement> driver) {
this.driver = driver;
PageFactory.initElements(new AppiumFieldDecorator(driver), this);
}
#AndroidFindBy(xpath = "//*[contains(#text,'text')]")
public MobileElement element;
iOS - PageFactory for elements
public Elements(IOSDriver<MobileElement> driver) {
this.driver = driver;
PageFactory.initElements(new AppiumFieldDecorator(driver), this);
}
#iOSXCUITFindBy(xpath = "//XCUIElementTypeStaticText[#name='text']")
public MobileElement element;
WebDriverWaits are the same
wait_5 = new WebDriverWait(driver, 5);

Selenium Why setting acceptuntrustedcertificates to true for firefox driver doesn't work?

I'm developping some selenium tests and I face an important issue because I didn't found a "real" solution when I test my site with secure connection (HTTPS). All solutions I found on stackoverflow are out of date or doesn't work:
I am writing a Selenium script in Firefox but I am getting "Untrusted Certificate"
How to disable Firefox's untrusted connection warning using Selenium?
Handling UntrustedSSLcertificates using WebDriver
The only workaround I have is to use the nightly mozilla release as indicated on github: https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues/420
private IWebDriver driver;
private string baseURL;
private FirefoxOptions ffOptions;
private IWait<IWebDriver> wait;
[SetUp]
public void SetupTest()
{
ffOptions = new FirefoxOptions();
ffOptions.BrowserExecutableLocation = #"D:\AppData\Local\Nightly\firefox.exe";
FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
profile.AssumeUntrustedCertificateIssuer = false;
profile.AcceptUntrustedCertificates = true;
ffOptions.Profile = profile;
ffOptions.LogLevel = FirefoxDriverLogLevel.Info;
driver = new FirefoxDriver(FirefoxDriverService.CreateDefaultService(), ffOptions, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30));
//[...]
}
Configuration:
Firefox v47.0.1, v49.0.2, v51.0.1, v52.0b9 (i tried these differents versions)
geckodriver 0.14
selenium 3.1.0
Does anyone have a solution to avoid using nightly release ?
For information I have access only to stackoverflow and github due to my internet policy, and please don't suggest me to use chrome!
Thank for your help!

Yeah, it's a bug on the geckodriver. You can find it here!

Setting the AcceptInsecureCertificates property to true in the FirefoxOptions fixed this problem for me. Here's what my initialization looked like after this change:
var profile = new FirefoxProfile();
profile.DeleteAfterUse = true;
profile.SetPreference("network.automatic-ntlm-auth.trusted-uris", LocalURL);
profile.SetPreference("network.automatic-ntlm-auth.allow-non-fqdn", true);
profile.SetPreference("webdriver_accept_untrusted_certs", true);
// Only setting this property to true did not work for me either
profile.AcceptUntrustedCertificates = true;
profile.AssumeUntrustedCertificateIssuer = false;
return new FirefoxDriver(new FirefoxOptions
{
Profile = profile,
// When I also added this line, it DID work
AcceptInsecureCertificates = true
});

C# implementation of RemoteWebDriver fails to install Chrome extension

This ticket is related to ticket 1578 for Selenium , but my issue is with Chrome and not Firefox as in that ticket.
Installing and configuring an extension works when using a local driver. Doing the same using the C# implementation of RemoteWebDriver does not. Tested this with Chrome.
In my test case, the remote execution was done against SauceLabs. Contacted their support and they verified that installing extensions via RemoteWebDriver works in the JAVA implementation, but fails using the C# implementation.
To quote from their support ticket:
"I tried this myself and I was running into issues on my own end, so this may be a flaw with the C# Selenium bindings with RemoteWebDriver."
My code:
private IWebDriver GetSauceLabsDriver(){
var outPutDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location);
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.AddExtensions(outPutDirectory + #"\3.1.3_0.crx");
//DesiredCapabilities caps = (DesiredCapabilities)options.ToCapabilities();
var caps = new DesiredCapabilities();
caps.SetCapability(ChromeOptions.Capability, options.Extensions[0]);
caps.SetCapability(CapabilityType.BrowserName, "chrome");
caps.SetCapability(CapabilityType.Version, "53.0");
caps.SetCapability(CapabilityType.Platform, "Windows 10");
caps.SetCapability("deviceName", "");
caps.SetCapability("deviceOrientation", "");
caps.SetCapability("username", "kin");
caps.SetCapability("accessKey", "9cd6-438e-a9635b70953d");
caps.SetCapability("name", TestContext.CurrentContext.Test.Name);
return new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri("http://ondemand.saucelabs.com:80/wd/hub"), caps,
TimeSpan.FromSeconds(600));
}

This is a common mistake made by users of the .NET bindings. You should almost never be using the DesiredCapabilities class directly in your code. Rather, you should almost exclusively be using the ChromeOptions class to set all of the options before instantiaung the driver, and use the .ToCapabilitied() method to convert it to an ICapabilities object that can be used with the RemoteWebDriver constructor. In your specific case, that would look like this:
private IWebDriver GetSauceLabsDriver()
{
var outPutDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location);
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.AddExtensions(outPutDirectory + #"\3.1.3_0.
// Add capabilities that belong at the top
// level of the capabilities object as opposed
// to part of the chromeOptions capability. Note
// that setting the browser name is entirely
// redundant and thus is not done. Likewise,
// deviceName and deviceOrientation are
options.AddAdditionalCapability(CapabilityType.Version, "53.0", true);
options.AddAdditionalCapability(CapabilityType.Platform, "Windows 10", true);
options.AddAdditionalCapability("username", "kin", true);
options.AddAdditionalCapability("accessKey", "9cd6-438e-a9635b70953d", true);
options.AddAdditionalCapability("name", TestContext.CurrentContext.Test.Name, true);
return new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri("http://ondemand.saucelabs.com:80/wd/hub"), options.ToCapabilities(),
TimeSpan.FromSeconds(600));
}

How to execute Selenium Chrome WebDriver in silent mode?

When using Chrome Selenium WebDriver, it will output diagnostic output when the servers are started:
Started ChromeDriver (v2.0) on port 9515
I do not want to see these messages, how can I suppress them?
I do this
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.AddArgument("--silent");
IWebDriver Driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
But diagnostic output is not suppress.

I simply do this
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.AddArgument("--log-level=3");
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

Good question, however, I don't know where you got that .AddArgument("--silent"); thing, as that's Chrome's command line switch, not for ChromeDriver. Also, there isn't a Chrome switch called --silent anyway.
Under OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome namespace, there is class called ChromeDriverService which has a property SuppressInitialDiagnosticInformation defaults to false. Basically what you might want to do is to create
ChromeDriverService and pass it into ChromeDriver's constructor. Please refer to the documentation here.
Here is the C# code that suppresses ChromeDriver's diagnostics outputs.
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
ChromeDriverService service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService();
service.SuppressInitialDiagnosticInformation = true;
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(service, options);
EDIT:
ChromeDriver (not Chrome) has a command line argument --silent, which is supposed to work. SuppressInitialDiagnosticInformation in .NET binding does exactly that. However, it seems only suppress some of the messages.
Here is a closed chromedriver ticket:
Issue 116: How to disable the diagnostic messages and log file from Chrome Driver?

For me no one of previous answers did not help , my solution was:
ChromeDriverService service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService(driverLocation);
service.SuppressInitialDiagnosticInformation = true;
service.HideCommandPromptWindow = true;
var driver = new ChromeDriver(service, options);

For me the only thing that worked for
selenium-chrome-driver-2.48.2.jar
chromedriver 2.20
selenium-java-2.48.2.jar
was
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.args", "--disable-logging");
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.silentOutput", "true");
driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

try this code it will hide browser with "headless" Argument but Chrome ver should > 58
( and even you can hide command prompt window )
IWebDriver driver;
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.AddArguments("--disable-extensions");
options.AddArgument("test-type");
options.AddArgument("--ignore-certificate-errors");
options.AddArgument("no-sandbox");
options.AddArgument("--headless");//hide browser
ChromeDriverService service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService(#"chromedriverExepath\");
service.SuppressInitialDiagnosticInformation = true;
//service.HideCommandPromptWindow = true;//even we can hide command prompt window (with un comment this line)
options.BinaryLocation = #"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe";
driver = new ChromeDriver(service, options);
driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.example.com");

For anyone finding themselves here wanting a Java solution, there is a thread here:
Selenium chromedriver disable logging or redirect it java

To run Chrome browser with Selenium in console in completely silent mode, you should use this snippet:
options = Options()
options.headless = True
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-logging"])
That trick will suppress any console message from either the Selenium driver or the browser itself, including the first message DevTools listening on ws://127.0.0.1 at the very start.

only add below line
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.silentOutput", "true");
output:-
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
Jun 28, 2022 10:38:55 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
INFO: Detected dialect: W3C

This code works fine for me:
public static IWebDriver Driver { set; get; }
-----
Driver = CreateBrowserDriver();
////////////// Create Driver
private static IWebDriver CreateBrowserDriver()
{
try
{
var options = new OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome.ChromeOptions();
options.AddArguments("--disable-extensions");
options.AddArgument("--headless"); // HIDE Chrome Browser
var service = OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome.ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService();
service.HideCommandPromptWindow = true; // HIDE Chrome Driver
service.SuppressInitialDiagnosticInformation = true;
return new OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome.ChromeDriver(service, options);
}
catch
{
throw new Exception("Please install Google Chrome.");
}
}
////////////// Exit Driver
public static void ExitDriver()
{
if (Driver != null)
{
Driver.Quit();
}
Driver = null;
try
{
// Chrome
System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessesByName("chromedriver").ToList().ForEach(px => px.Kill());
}
catch { }
}

How to maximize the browser window in Selenium WebDriver (Selenium 2) using C#?

Is there any way to maximize the browser window using WebDriver (Selenium 2) with C#?

driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();
This works for IE and Firefox. Chrome does not work. There is a bug submitted for this on ChromeDriver project.
Meanwhile, the get around for the chrome is to implement what Joey V. and Coder323 suggested.
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArgument("--start-maximized");
driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

Java
driver.manage().window().maximize();
Python
driver.maximize_window()
Ruby
#driver.manage.window.maximize
OR
max_width, max_height = driver.execute_script("return [window.screen.availWidth, window.screen.availHeight];")
#driver.manage.window.resize_to(max_width, max_height)
OR
target_size = Selenium::WebDriver::Dimension.new(1600, 1268)
#driver.manage.window.size = target_size

For IE and Firefox:
driver.manage().window().maximize();
For Chrome:
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("--start-maximized");
driver = new ChromeDriver( options )

There's an outstanding issue to add this functionality to WebDriver, which can be tracked here: http://code.google.com/p/selenium/issues/detail?id=174
A workaround would be to use the JavascriptExector as follows:
public void resizeTest() {
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("http://www.example.com/");
((IJavaScriptExecutor)driver).ExecuteScript("window.resizeTo(1024, 768);");
}

Test step/scenario:
1. Open a browser and navigate to TestURL
2. Maximize the browser
Maximize the browser with C# (.NET):
driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();
Maximize the browser with Java :
driver.manage().window().maximize();
Another way to do with Java:
Toolkit toolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
Dimension screenResolution = new Dimension((int)
toolkit.getScreenSize().getWidth(), (int)
toolkit.getScreenSize().getHeight());
driver.manage().window().setSize(screenResolution);

You can use something like this (C#):
driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);

If you are using the Chrome Driver you can set the capabilities
var capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
var switches = new List<string>
{
"--start-maximized"
};
capabilities.SetCapability("chrome.switches", switches);
new ChromeDriver(chromedriver_path, capabilities);

Simply use Window.Maximize() command
WebDriver driver= new ChromeDriver()
driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();

For Java:
driver.manage().window().maximize();
It will work in IE, Mozilla, Chrome

The following Selenium Java code snippet worked for me:
driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0,0));
java.awt.Dimension screenSize = java.awt.Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
Dimension dim = new Dimension((int) screenSize.getWidth(), (int) screenSize.getHeight());
driver.manage().window().setSize(dim);

I had the same problem, but the problem can be solved by using following code.
driver.manage().window().fullscreen();

For C#:
driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();
For Java:
driver.manage().window().maximize();

We have observed bug with new driver libraries. You can use slightly old jars which are able to handle new browsers versions.
The main generic option is :-
driver.manage().window().maximize();
You can also use other option for maximizing the browser window.
Example:-
Add below option and pass it to driver:-
chromeOptions.addArguments("--start-maximized");
The full code will look like below :-
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","D:\\Workspace\\JmeterWebdriverProject\\src\\lib\\chromedriver.exe");
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
chromeOptions.addArguments("--start-maximized");
driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
OR
Toolkit toolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
int Width = (int) toolkit.getScreenSize().getWidth();
int Height = (int)toolkit.getScreenSize().getHeight();
//For Dimension class, Import following library "org.openqa.selenium.Dimension"
driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(Width,Height));
driver.get("https://google.com");
Try this on safari :-
JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;
String screenWidth = jse.executeScript("return screen.availWidth").toString();
String screenHeight = jse.executeScript("return screen.availHeight").toString();
int intScreenWidth = Integer.parseInt(screenWidth);
int intScreenHeight = Integer.parseInt(screenHeight);
Dimension d = new Dimension(intScreenWidth, intScreenHeight);
driver.manage.window.setSize(d);

using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Drawing;
public static void MaximizeBrowser(this IE myBrowser)
{
myBrowser.SizeWindow(Screen.PrimaryScreen.WorkingArea.Width, Screen.PrimaryScreen.WorkingArea.Height);
}
I used Jim's code, but slightly modified for use with WatiN and C# to maximize the browser.

You can use Selenium Emulation in WebDriver:
selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver,url);
selenium.windowMaximize();

I used this solution
OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome.ChromeOptions chromeoptions = new OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome.ChromeOptions();
chromeoptions.AddArgument("--start-maximized");
OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome.ChromeDriver chrome = new OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome.ChromeDriver(chromeoptions);

For Chrome
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();

There is a function that you can use to maximize the window in Python which is window_maximize(). And this is how I'm using it.Hope this helps -
from selenium import selenium
sel = selenium('localhost', 4444, '*firefox', 'http://10.77.21.67/')
sel.start()
sel.open('/')
sel.wait_for_page_to_load(60000)
#sel.window_focus()
sel.window_maximize()
png = sel.capture_screenshot_to_string()
f = open('screenshot.png', 'wb')
f.write(png.decode('base64'))
f.close()
sel.stop()

C# client drivers:
driver = new FirefoxDriver(firefoxProfile);
driver.Manage().Window.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(System.Windows.Forms.Screen.PrimaryScreen.WorkingArea.Width+10, System.Windows.Forms.Screen.PrimaryScreen.WorkingArea.Height+10);
===> also add a reference to the .NET assembly "System.Windows.Forms"
... the only problem is that it's not positioned correctly
... please comment if you can correct this

Here's what worked for me in C#, firefoxDriver is global to the class:
in the usings:
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
in the code:
this.firefoxDriver = new FirefoxDriver();
this.firefoxDriver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);
this.firefoxDriver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(Screen.PrimaryScreen.WorkingArea.Width, Screen.PrimaryScreen.WorkingArea.Height);

For Webdriverjs (node.js), the following maximizes chrome window.
var webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver');
var driver = new webdriver.Builder().
withCapabilities(webdriver.Capabilities.chrome()).build();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get('hxxp://localhost:8888');

This option is fine for me :
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("start-fullscreen");
This option works on all OS.

The below line of code would maximize IE, Chrome and Mozilla
driver.manage().window().maximize();
The above line of code and other workarounds mentioned in the post did not work for NodeWebKit browser, so as a workaround i had to use native C# code as mentioned below:
public static void MaximiseNWKBrowser(IWebDriver d)
{
var body = UICommon.GetElement(By.TagName("body"), d);
body.Click();
string alt = "%";
string space = " ";
string down = "{DOWN}";
string enter = "{ENTER}";
SendKeys.SendWait(alt + space);
for(var i = 1; i <= 6; i++)
{
SendKeys.SendWait(down);
}
SendKeys.SendWait(enter);
}
So this workaround basically uses "ALT+SPACE" to bring up the browser action menu to select "MAXIMIZE" from the options and presses "ENTER"

Through the below code i'm able to maximize the window,
((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("if(window.screen){
window.moveTo(0, 0);
window.resizeTo(window.screen.availWidth, window.screen.availHeight);
};");

This is working fine for me.
Capybara.current_session.driver.browser.manage.window.resize_to(1800, 1000)

I tried many of the answers above, but none work well.
My chrome driver version is 2.7 and Iam using selenium-java vesion is 2.9.0.
The official document suggests using:
var capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
var switches = new List<string>
{
"--start-maximized"
};
capabilities.SetCapability("chrome.switches", switches);
new ChromeDriver(chromedriver_path, capabilities);
The above also does not work. I checked the chrome driver JsonWireProtocol:
http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/JsonWireProtocol
The chrome diver protocol provides a method to maximize the window:
/session/:sessionId/window/:windowHandle/maximize,
but this command is not used in selenium-java. This means you also send the command to chrome yourself. Once I did this it works.

Chrome driver already support:
Java:
webDriver = new ChromeDriver();
webDriver.manage().window().maximize();

For me, none of the solutions above worked when working with Selenium Web Driver C# + Chrome:
window.resizeTo(1024, 768); - I want to use the whole screen
--start-maximized - it is ignored
driver.manage().window().maximize(); - does not work because it requires some extension and I am not allowed to use Chrome extensions
I managed to get it working using InputSimulator:
var inputSim = new InputSimulator();
// WinKey + UP = Maximize focused window
inputSim.Keyboard.ModifiedKeyStroke(VirtualKeyCode.LWIN, VirtualKeyCode.UP);

You can try with this code to maximize chrome window.
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("--window-size=1920,1080");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);