Develop Reference

Accessing Certificate Programatically for SAML2

Setup:
I have a .Net Framework WebForms app and just setup SAML2 using Sustainsys.Saml2 setup on Azure. I'm also using Git for version control (VC) and Azure Key Vault for App Settings and Connection Strings.
Question:
What are other ways I can store and access the certificate for SAML2, even if I can access it programmatically (I'm currently accessing/setting the certificate programmatically)?
I want to prevent adding certificates to our VC as well as adding it manually to the Azure directory.
I tried looking into Key Vault Certificates, but I'm unsure if I can even use this.

You can upload your certificate to your Azure App Service --> TSLSSL setting --> Private Key Certificates (.pfx).
Once uploaded there you can retrieve it programmatically via C# with the following:
public static X509Certificate2 GetX509Certificate2(string certThumbprint, bool validOnly = true, StoreName storeName = StoreName.My, StoreLocation storeLocation = StoreLocation.CurrentUser) {
using (var certStore = new X509Store(storeName, storeLocation)) {
var certCollection = certStore.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindByThumbprint, certThumbprint, validOnly);
// Get the first cert with the thumbprint
var cert = (X509Certificate2) certCollection.OfType<X509Certificate>().FirstOrDefault();
certStore.Close();
return cert;
}
}
Call it via:
var cert = GetX509Certificate2(certificateThumbprint, false, storeLocation: StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
Personally, so it can work locally, deployed and on any of our devs computers, I use the following code so that it can search different locations where it may be stored:
var cert = GetX509Certificate2(certificateThumbprint, false, storeLocation: StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
if (cert == null) {
cert = GetX509Certificate2(certificateThumbprint, false, storeLocation: StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
}

How to use client certificate for HTTPs requests in UWP app

I'm writing an app that needs to make some HTTPs requests that use a client certificate. However, I can't find any documents on how to install the certificate and then load it for use. I know that you can use the certificate by making a HttpBaseProtocolFilter and adding a certificate but how do you load the certificate for use here? And if you have a .pfx file with your client certificate, how do you install it with your package?
Thanks in advance!

For what it's worth, I ended up figuring this out using a mix of the Portable.BouncyCastle NuGet package and some UWP APIs. Some sample (pseudo-ish) code for what I did is below:
// Asymmetric key pair
RsaKeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = new RsaKeyPairGenerator();
keyPairGenerator.Init(
new KeyGenerationParameters(
new SecureRandom(new CryptoApiRandomGenerator()), 2048));
AsymmetricCipherKeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.GenerateKeyPair();
// Create certificate
X509V3CertificateGenerator generator = new X509V3CertificateGenerator();
generator.SetSubjectDN("foo");
generator.SetIssuerDN("foo");
generator.SetSerialNumber(new BigInteger("12345").Abs());
generator.SetNotBefore(DateTime.UtcNow);
generator.SetNotAfter(DateTime.UtcNow + TimeSpan.FromYears(1));
generator.SetPublicKey(keyPair.Public);
BouncyCastleX509Certificate certificate =
generator.Generate(
new Asn1SignatureFactory("SHA1WithRSA", keyPair.Private));
// Create PKCS12 certificate bytes.
Pkcs12Store store = new Pkcs12Store();
X509CertificateEntry certificateEntry = new X509CertificateEntry(certificate);
string friendlyName = "Friendly Name";
string password = "password";
store.SetCertificateEntry(friendlyName, certificateEntry);
store.SetKeyEntry(
friendlyName,
new AsymmetricKeyEntry(keyPair.Private),
new X509CertificateEntry[] { certificateEntry });
string pfxData;
using (MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream(512))
{
store.Save(memoryStream, password.ToCharArray(), this.SecureRandom);
pfxData = CryptographicBuffer.EncodeToBase64String(memoryStream.ToArray().AsBuffer());
}
// Add the certificate to the cert store
await CertificateEnrollmentManager.ImportPfxDataAsync(
pfxData,
password,
ExportOption.NotExportable,
KeyProtectionLevel.NoConsent,
InstallOptions.DeleteExpired,
friendlyName);
// Read the UWP cert from the cert store
Certificate uwpCertificate =
(await CertificateStores.FindAllAsync(
new CertificateQuery { FriendlyName = friendlyName }))[0];
// Create the UWP HTTP client.
HttpBaseProtocolFilter filter = new HttpBaseProtocolFilter();
filter.IgnorableServerCertificateErrors.Add(ChainValidationResult.Untrusted);
filter.IgnorableServerCertificateErrors.Add(ChainValidationResult.InvalidName);
filter.ClientCertificate = uwpCertificate;
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(filter);
// Profit!

WebApi HttpClient not sending client certificate

I am trying to secure my RESTful WebApi service with ssl and client authentication using client certificates.
To test; I have generated a self signed certificate and placed in the local machine, trusted root certification authorities folder and i have generated a "server" and "client" certificates.
Standard https to the server works without issue.
However I have some code in the server to validate the certificate, this never gets called when I connect using my test client which supplies my client certificate and the test client is returned a 403 Forbidden status.
This imples the server is failing my certificate before it reaches my validation code.
However if i fire up fiddler it knows a client certificate is required and asks me to supply one to My Documents\Fiddler2. I gave it the same client certificate i use in my test client and my server now works and received the client certificate i expect!
This implies that the WebApi client is not properly sending the certificate, my client code below is pretty much the same as other examples i have found.
static async Task RunAsync()
{
try
{
var handler = new WebRequestHandler();
handler.ClientCertificateOptions = ClientCertificateOption.Manual;
handler.ClientCertificates.Add(GetClientCert());
handler.ServerCertificateValidationCallback += Validate;
handler.UseProxy = false;
using (var client = new HttpClient(handler))
{
client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://hostname:10001/");
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/xml"));
var response = await client.GetAsync("api/system/");
var str = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
Console.WriteLine(str);
}
} catch(Exception ex)
{
Console.Write(ex.Message);
}
}
Any ideas why it would work in fiddler but not my test client?
Edit: Here is the code to GetClientCert()
private static X509Certificate GetClientCert()
{
X509Store store = null;
try
{
store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
store.Open(OpenFlags.OpenExistingOnly | OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
var certs = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "Integration Client Certificate", true);
if (certs.Count == 1)
{
var cert = certs[0];
return cert;
}
}
finally
{
if (store != null)
store.Close();
}
return null;
}
Granted the test code does not handle a null certificate but i am debugging to enssure that the correct certificate is located.

There are 2 types of certificates. The first is the public .cer file that is sent to you from the owner of the server. This file is just a long string of characters. The second is the keystore certificate, this is the selfsigned cert you create and send the cer file to the server you are calling and they install it. Depending on how much security you have, you might need to add one or both of these to the Client (Handler in your case). I've only seen the keystore cert used on one server where security is VERY secure. This code gets both certificates from the bin/deployed folder:
#region certificate Add
// KeyStore is our self signed cert
// TrustStore is cer file sent to you.
// Get the path where the cert files are stored (this should handle running in debug mode in Visual Studio and deployed code) -- Not tested with deployed code
string executableLocation = Path.GetDirectoryName(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.RelativeSearchPath ?? AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory);
#region Add the TrustStore certificate
// Get the cer file location
string pfxLocation = executableLocation + "\\Certificates\\TheirCertificate.cer";
// Add the certificate
X509Certificate2 theirCert = new X509Certificate2();
theirCert.Import(pfxLocation, "Password", X509KeyStorageFlags.DefaultKeySet);
handler.ClientCertificates.Add(theirCert);
#endregion
#region Add the KeyStore
// Get the location
pfxLocation = executableLocation + "\\Certificates\\YourCert.pfx";
// Add the Certificate
X509Certificate2 YourCert = new X509Certificate2();
YourCert.Import(pfxLocation, "PASSWORD", X509KeyStorageFlags.DefaultKeySet);
handler.ClientCertificates.Add(YourCert);
#endregion
#endregion
Also - you need to handle cert errors (note: this is BAD - it says ALL cert issues are okay) you should change this code to handle specific cert issues like Name Mismatch. it's on my list to do. There are plenty of example on how to do this.
This code at the top of your method
// Ignore Certificate errors need to fix to only handle
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = MyCertHandler;
Method somewhere in your class
private bool MyCertHandler(object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors error)
{
// Ignore errors
return true;
}

In the code you are using store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);.
Client certificates are not picked up from LocalMachine, you should instead use StoreLocation.CurrentUser.
Checking MMC -> File -> Add or Remove Snap-ins -> Certificates -> My user account you will see the certificate that fiddler uses. If you remove it from My user account and only have it imported in Computer account you will see that Fiddler can not pick it up either.
A side note is when finding certificates you also have to address for culture.
Example:
var certificateSerialNumber= "‎83 c6 62 0a 73 c7 b1 aa 41 06 a3 ce 62 83 ae 25".ToUpper().Replace(" ", string.Empty);
//0 certs
var certs = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySerialNumber, certificateSerialNumber, true);
//null
var cert = store.Certificates.Cast<X509Certificate>().FirstOrDefault(x => x.GetSerialNumberString() == certificateSerialNumber);
//1 cert
var cert1 = store.Certificates.Cast<X509Certificate>().FirstOrDefault(x =>
x.GetSerialNumberString().Equals(certificateSerialNumber, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase));

try this.
Cert should be with the current user store.
Or give full rights and read from a file as it is a console application.
// Load the client certificate from a file.
X509Certificate x509 = X509Certificate.CreateFromCertFile(#"c:\user.cer");
Read from the user store.
private static X509Certificate2 GetClientCertificate()
{
X509Store userCaStore = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
try
{
userCaStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
X509Certificate2Collection certificatesInStore = userCaStore.Certificates;
X509Certificate2Collection findResult = certificatesInStore.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "localtestclientcert", true);
X509Certificate2 clientCertificate = null;
if (findResult.Count == 1)
{
clientCertificate = findResult[0];
}
else
{
throw new Exception("Unable to locate the correct client certificate.");
}
return clientCertificate;
}
catch
{
throw;
}
finally
{
userCaStore.Close();
}
}

Loading a self-signed P12 cert file in C#

Working with certs is all still new to me.
I am trying to load a p12 cert file (I think is is called a self signed cert) for use with a channel factory. This is a C# program in VS2010 and a WFC service reference. Below are the methods I have tried and the errors I am receiving. The last bit of code is VB.net code, which runs without error. I think this indicates that the path and password to the p12 file are correct.
//Create the binding and channel
WSHttpBinding binding = new WSHttpBinding();
binding.Security.Mode = SecurityMode.Message;
binding.Security.Message.ClientCredentialType = MessageCredentialType.Certificate;
binding.Security.Message.NegotiateServiceCredential = false;
binding.Security.Message.EstablishSecurityContext = false;
EndpointAddress serviceAddress = new EndpointAddress("http://myendpoint");
ChannelFactory<ServiceName> channelFactory = null;
channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<ServiceName>(binding, serviceAddress);
//try to add the cert - Error: Object reference not set to an instance of the object. I've tried all available X509KeyStorageFlags
channelFactory.Credentials.ClientCertificate.Certificate.Import(#c:\path\to\file\fw.mycert.com.p12", "password", X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet);
//try to add the cert - Error: The specified network password is not correct. I've tried all available X509KeyStorageFlags
//rawCertificateData does contain 2000+ bytes
X509Certificate2 certificate = new X509Certificate2();
byte[] rawCertificateData = File.ReadAllBytes(#"c:\path\to\file\fw.mycert.com.p12");
channelFactory.Credentials.ClientCertificate.Certificate.Import(rawCertificateData, "password", X509KeyStorageFlags.DefaultKeySet);
//This works in vb.net with the same path and password
Dim cert As New X509Certificate2("c:\path\to\file\fw.mycert.com.p12", "password")
request.ClientCertificates.Add(cert)

How to retrieve all certificates in your X509Store

I am using the following code to retrieve all certificates in my PC from an asp.net webapp. The certificates collection is empty, and I can't understand why.
I tried impersonating my own user account and I didn't succeed as well. What am I doing wrong?
var store = new X509Store(StoreLocation.CurrentUser); //StoreLocation.LocalMachine fails too
var certificates = store.Certificates;
foreach (var certificate in certificates)
{
var friendlyName = certificate.FriendlyName;
Console.WriteLine(friendlyName);
}
//original problem: fetch a single certificate by its subject name
X509Certificate2 clientCertificate = CertificateUtility.GetCertificate(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser, "CN=mypc.domainname"); //returns null :(

Add this line of code to the second line and see how it works:
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
and then this at the bottom :):
store.Close();

All in one ...
I have an apache server (xamp) with https. I access through https and c# (vs2010)
to a PHP upload page
Install the certificate from i.e in the personal folder certificate, for example.
To view the certicates run "certmgr.msc" , at least in win7
Listing the personal certificates
var store = new X509Store(StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
var certificates = store.Certificates;
foreach (var certificate in certificates)
{
var friendlyName = certificate.FriendlyName;
var xname = certificate.GetName(); //obsolete
Console.WriteLine(friendlyName);
}
store.Close();
Find specific certificate
string certificateName = "CN=localhost"; //name found in the var xname
X509Store storex = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
storex.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
X509Certificate2Collection certificatesx =
storex.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName,
certificateName,
true);
X509Certificate certificatex = certificates[0];
storex.Close();

I can find certificates by ...
var certificateStore = new X509Store(StoreName.TrustedPeople, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
certificateStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly | OpenFlags.OpenExistingOnly);
var certificateCollection = certificateStore.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "mycert.me.com",false);
certificateStore.Close();
var certificate = certificateCollection[0];
certificateCollection will have the certificates I care about ... if it is just one then I get first element in the collection.

Look in your certificate store(mmc/add/certificate snap-in/my user account/Certificates - Current User/Personal/Certificates) to see the subject name to make sure "CN=mypc.domainname" is whats actually on the cert.
"CN=mypc.domainname"
vs
"CN = mypc.domainname"
...etc