c# - How to generate random ITIN - c#

How to generate an 9 digit ITIN number with 70-88 in the fourth and fifth digit?
The IRS site says that
An Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) begins with the number 9 and has a range of **70-88 in the fourth and fifth digit. The range was extended to include 900-70-0000 through 999-88-9999, 900-90-0000 through 999-92-9999 and 900-94-0000 through 999-99-9999.
My test is to validate that an error message is seen when user tries to input a valid ITIN
My code is checking for fourth and fifth digit after getting a random number.
A better way would be to get a random number with 9xx-70-0000 to 9xx-88-9999
int RangeOneBoundaryStart = 70;
int RangeOneBoundaryEnd = 88;
int count = 100;
string InvalidMsg = "Invalid Entry. Individual Tax Identification Numbers are not accepted.";
Random rand = new Random();
for (int i = 1; i <=count; i++ )
{
int Rndm1 = rand.Next(900700000, 999889999);
string num = Rndm1.ToString();
string chcknum = num.Substring(3, 2);
int chcknumint = Int32.Parse(chcknum);
if ( chcknumint >= RangeOneBoundaryStart && Rndm1 < RangeOneBoundaryEnd)
{
_applyPage.ClearField(VerifyElement);
_applyPage.EnterTextWithValue(VerifyElement, num);
_applyPage.Click(ClickAnotherElement);
_TestMethods.ValidateError(ElementToVld, InvalidMsg);
}
}

You could generate 3 different random numbers.
var rnd = new Random();
var rnd3 = rnd.Next(900, 1000); // 900 <= x < 1000
var rnd2 = rnd.Next(70, 89); // 70 <= x < 89
var rnd4 = rnd.Next(0, 10000); // 0 <= x < 10000
and then something like to generate the itin.
var itin = rnd3 + "-" + rnd2 + "-" + rnd4.ToString("0000");
https://dotnetfiddle.net/CpoWAq

Related

Calculating the correct length of string per line with Page X/Y

I got asked a question and now I am kicking myself for not being able to come up with the exact/correct result.
Imagine we have a function that splits a string into multiple lines but each line has to have x number of characters before we "split" to the new line:
private string[] GetPagedMessages(string input, int maxCharsPerLine) { ... }
For each line, we need to incorporate, at the end of the line "x/y" which is basically 1/4, 2/4 etc...
Now, the paging mechanism must also be part of the length restriction per line.
I have been overworked and overthinking and tripping up on things and this seems pretty straight forward but for the life of me, I cannot figure it out! What am I not "getting"?
What am I interested in? The calculation and some part of the logic but mainly the calculation of how many lines are required to split the input based on the max chars per line which also needs to include the x/y.
Remember: we can have more than a single digit for the x/y (i.e: not just 1/4 but also 10/17 or 99/200)
Samples:
input = "This is a long message"
maxCharsPerLine = 10
output:
This i 1/4 // << Max 10 chars
s a lo 2/4 // << Max 10 chars
ng mes 3/4 // << Max 10 chars
sage 4/4 // << Max 10 chars
Overall the logic is simple but its just the calculation that is throwing me off.
The idea: First, find how many digits is the number of lines:
(n = input.Length, maxCharsPerLine = 10)
if n <= 9*(10-4) ==> 1 digit
if n <= 9*(10-5) + 90*(10-6) ==> 2 digits
if n <= 9*(10-6) + 90*(10-7) + 900*(10-8) ==> 3 digits
if n <= 9*(10-7) + 90*(10-8) + 900*(10-9) + 9000*(10-10) ==> No solution
Then, subtract the spare number of lines. The solution:
private static int GetNumberOfLines(string input, int maxCharsPerLine)
{
int n = input.Length;
int x = maxCharsPerLine;
for (int i = 4; i < x; i++)
{
int j, sum = 0, d = 9, numberOfLines = 0;
for (j = i; j <= i + i - 4; j++)
{
if (x - j <= 0)
return -1; // No solution
sum += d * (x - j);
numberOfLines += d;
d *= 10;
}
if (n <= sum)
return numberOfLines - (sum - n) / (x - j + 1);
}
return -2; // Invalid
}
Usage:
private static string[] GetPagedMessages(string input, int maxCharsPerLine)
{
int numberOfLines = GetNumberOfLines(input, maxCharsPerLine);
if (numberOfLines < 0)
return null;
string[] result = new string[numberOfLines];
int spaceLeftForLine = maxCharsPerLine - numberOfLines.ToString().Length - 2; // Remove the chars of " x/y" except the incremental 'x'
int inputPosition = 0;
for (int line = 1; line < numberOfLines; line++)
{
int charsInLine = spaceLeftForLine - line.ToString().Length;
result[line - 1] = input.Substring(inputPosition, charsInLine) + $" {line}/{numberOfLines}";
inputPosition += charsInLine;
}
result[numberOfLines-1] = input.Substring(inputPosition) + $" {numberOfLines}/{numberOfLines}";
return result;
}
A naive approach is to start counting the line lengths minus the "pager"'s size, until the line count changes in size ("1/9" is shorter than "1/10", which is shorter than "11/20", and so on):
private static int[] GetLineLengths(string input, int maxCharsPerLine)
{
/* The "pager" (x/y) is at least 4 characters (including the preceding space) and at most ... 8?
* 7/9 (4)
* 1/10 (5)
* 42/69 (6)
* 3/123 (6)
* 42/420 (7)
* 999/999 (8)
*/
int charsRemaining = input.Length;
var lineLengths = new List<int>();
// Start with " 1/2", (1 + 1 + 2) = 4 length
var highestLineNumberLength = 1;
var lineNumber = 0;
do
{
lineNumber++;
var currentLineNumberLength = lineNumber.ToString().Length; // 1 = 1, 99 = 2, ...
if (currentLineNumberLength > highestLineNumberLength)
{
// Pager size changed, reset
highestLineNumberLength = currentLineNumberLength;
lineLengths.Clear();
lineNumber = 0;
charsRemaining = input.Length;
continue;
}
var pagerSize = currentLineNumberLength + highestLineNumberLength + 2;
var lineLength = maxCharsPerLine - pagerSize;
if (lineLength <= 0)
{
throw new ArgumentException($"Can't split input of size {input.Length} into chunks of size {maxCharsPerLine}");
}
lineLengths.Add(lineLength);
charsRemaining -= lineLength;
}
while (charsRemaining > 0);
return lineLengths.ToArray();
}
Usage:
private static string[] GetPagedMessages(string input, int maxCharsPerLine)
{
if (input.Length <= maxCharsPerLine)
{
// Assumption: no pager required for a message that takes one line
return new[] { input };
}
var lineLengths = GetLineLengths(input, maxCharsPerLine);
var result = new string[lineLengths.Length];
// Cut the input and append the pager
var previousIndex = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < lineLengths.Length; i++)
{
var lineLength = Math.Min(lineLengths[i], input.Length - previousIndex); // To cater for final line being shorter
result[i] = input.Substring(previousIndex, lineLength) + " " + (i + 1) + "/" + lineLengths.Length;
previousIndex += lineLength;
}
return result;
}
Prints, for example:
This 1/20
is a 2/20
long 3/20
strin 4/20
g tha 5/20
t wil 6/20
l spa 7/20
n mor 8/20
e tha 9/20
n te 10/20
n li 11/20
nes 12/20
beca 13/20
use 14/20
of i 15/20
ts e 16/20
norm 17/20
ous 18/20
leng 19/20
th 20/20

Generate 10 digit random number in c# with random.Next [duplicate]

I'm using C# and I need to generate a random 10 digit number. So far, I've only had luck finding examples indicating min maximum value. How would i go about generating a random number that is 10 digits, which can begin with 0, (initially, I was hoping for random.Next(1000000000,9999999999) but I doubt this is what I want).
My code looks like this right now:
[WebMethod]
public string GenerateNumber()
{
Random random = new Random();
return random.Next(?);
}
**Update ended up doing like so,
[WebMethod]
public string GenerateNumber()
{
Random random = new Random();
string r = "";
int i;
for (i = 1; i < 11; i++)
{
r += random.Next(0, 9).ToString();
}
return r;
}
Use this to create random digits with any specified length
public string RandomDigits(int length)
{
var random = new Random();
string s = string.Empty;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
s = String.Concat(s, random.Next(10).ToString());
return s;
}
try (though not absolutely exact)
Random R = new Random();
return ((long)R.Next (0, 100000 ) * (long)R.Next (0, 100000 )).ToString ().PadLeft (10, '0');
To get the any digit number without any loop, use Random.Next with the appropriate limits [100...00, 9999...99].
private static readonly Random _rdm = new Random();
private string PinGenerator(int digits)
{
if (digits <= 1) return "";
var _min = (int)Math.Pow(10, digits - 1);
var _max = (int)Math.Pow(10, digits) - 1;
return _rdm.Next(_min, _max).ToString();
}
This function calculated the lower and the upper bounds of the nth digits number.
To generate the 10 digit number use it like this:
PinGenerator(10)
If you want ten digits but you allow beginning with a 0 then it sounds like you want to generate a string, not a long integer.
Generate a 10-character string in which each character is randomly selected from '0'..'9'.
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Random rand = new Random();
long randnum2 = (long)(rand.NextDouble() * 9000000000) + 1000000000;
MessageBox.Show(randnum2.ToString());
}
I came up with this method because I dont want to use the Random method :
public static string generate_Digits(int length)
{
var rndDigits = new System.Text.StringBuilder().Insert(0, "0123456789", length).ToString().ToCharArray();
return string.Join("", rndDigits.OrderBy(o => Guid.NewGuid()).Take(length));
}
hope this helps.
// ten digits
public string CreateRandomNumber
{
get
{
//returns 10 digit random number (Ticks returns 16 digit unique number, substring it to 10)
return DateTime.UtcNow.Ticks.ToString().Substring(8);
}
}
(1000000000,9999999999) is not random - you're mandating that it cannot begin with a 1, so you've already cut your target base by 10%.
Random is a double, so if you want a integer, multiply it by 1,000,000,000, then drop the figures after the decimal place.
private static Random random = new Random((int)DateTime.Now.Ticks);//thanks to McAden
public long LongBetween(long maxValue, long minValue)
{
return (long)Math.Round(random.NextDouble() * (maxValue - minValue - 1)) + minValue;
}
I tried to write a fast one:
private int GetNDigitsRandomNumber(int digits)
{
var min = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < digits-1; i++)
{
min *= 10;
}
var max = min * 10;
return _rnd.Next(min, max);
}
Here is a simple solution using format string:
string r = $"{random.Next(100000):00000}{random.Next(100000):00000}";
Random 10 digit number (with possible leading zeros) is produced as union of two random 5 digit numbers. Format string "00000" means leading zeros will be appended if number is shorter than 5 digits (e.g. 1 will be formatted as "00001").
For more about the "0" custom format specifier please see the documentation.
Random random = new Random();
string randomNumber = string.Join(string.Empty, Enumerable.Range(0, 10).Select(number => random.Next(0, 9).ToString()));
To generate a random 10 digit number in C#
Random RndNum = new Random();
int RnNum = RndNum.Next(1000000000,9999999999);

generate random integers with a specific sum

I have 5 fields, I want them all to have a generated number between 0 and 100. But, the sum of the 5 fields should be 100.
When I want to give a random number for one field I would do the following:
Random rnd = new Random();
int x= rnd.Next(1, 10);
But how should I do that for multiple fields that needs to have a sum of 100 together?
You can use the following approach:
generate 4 random integers in [0, 100]
sort them, let's denote the sorted values as 0 ≤ x1 ≤ x2 ≤ x3 ≤ x4 ≤ 100
use the following 5 values as the random numbers with sum 100:
N1 = x1
N2 = x2 - x1
N3 = x3 - x2
N4 = x4 - x3
N5 = 100 - x4
It basically corresponds to randomly choosing 4 sectioning points on the [0, 100] interval, and using the lengths of the 5 resulting intervals as the random numbers:
const int k = 5;
const int sum = 100;
Random rnd = new Random();
int[] x = new int[k + 1];
// the endpoints of the interval
x[0] = 0;
x[k] = sum;
// generate the k - 1 random sectioning points
for (int i = 1; i < k; i++) {
x[i] = rnd.Next(0, sum + 1);
}
// sort the sectioning points
Array.Sort(x);
// obtain the k numbers with sum s
int[] N = new int[k];
for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
N[i] = x[i + 1] - x[i];
}
In order to make your distribution uniform, you could try the following aproach:
Generate some random numbers.
Normalize them.
Correct the last field to get exactly the expected sum, if needed.
The code:
const int ExpectedSum = 100;
Random rnd = new Random();
int[] fields = new int[5];
// Generate 4 random values and get their sum
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < fields.Length - 1; i++)
{
fields[i] = rnd.Next(ExpectedSum);
sum += fields[i];
}
// Adjust the sum as if there were 5 random values
int actualSum = sum * fields.Length / (fields.Length - 1);
// Normalize 4 random values and get their sum
sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < fields.Length - 1; i++)
{
fields[i] = fields[i] * ExpectedSum / actualSum;
sum += fields[i];
}
// Set the last value
fields[fields.Length - 1] = ExpectedSum - sum;
Live example: https://dotnetfiddle.net/5yXwOP
To achieve a truly random distribution, with every element having the chance to be 100 with a total sum of 100, you can use the following solution:
public static int[] GetRandomDistribution(int sum, int amountOfNumbers)
{
int[] numbers = new int[amountOfNumbers];
var random = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < sum; i++)
{
numbers[random.Next(0, amountOfNumbers)]++;
}
return numbers;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var result = GetRandomDistribution(100, 5);
}
It increases a random number by one until the sum is reached. This should fulfill all your criterias.
After thinking about it, I prefer the following solution, because it's less likely to generate an equal distribution:
public static int[] GetRandomDistribution2(int sum, int amountOfNumbers)
{
int[] numbers = new int[amountOfNumbers];
var random = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < amountOfNumbers; i++)
{
numbers[i] = random.Next(sum);
}
var compeleteSum = numbers.Sum();
// Scale the numbers down to 0 -> sum
for (int i = 0; i < amountOfNumbers; i++)
{
numbers[i] = (int)(((double)numbers[i] / compeleteSum) * sum);
}
// Due to rounding the number will most likely be below sum
var resultSum = numbers.Sum();
// Add +1 until we reach "sum"
for (int i = 0; i < sum - resultSum; i++)
{
numbers[random.Next(0, amountOfNumbers)]++;
}
return numbers;
}
For Example.
int sum=100;
int i = 5;
Random rnd = new Random();
while (true)
{
int cur;
--i;
if (i == 0) {
Console.WriteLine(sum + " ");
break;
} else
cur=rnd.Next(1, sum);
sum -= cur;
Console.WriteLine(cur + " ");
}
Live Example: https://dotnetfiddle.net/ltIK40
or
Random rnd = new Random();
int x= rnd.Next(1, 10);
int y= rnd.Next(x,x+10);
int y2=rnd.Next(y,y+10);
int y3=rnd.Next(y2,y2+10);
int y4=100-(x+y+y2+y3);
My approach is this:
var rnd = new Random();
var numbers = Enumerable.Range(0, 5).Select(x => rnd.Next(0, 101)).ToArray().OrderBy(x => x).ToArray();
numbers = numbers.Zip(numbers.Skip(1), (n0, n1) => n1 - n0).ToArray();
numbers = numbers.Concat(new[] { 100 - numbers.Sum() }).ToArray();
This is as uniform as I think is possible.
Create your first random number. After that you take the difference between the value of num1 and 100 as the max def of rnd. But to guarantee that their sum is 100, you have to check at the last num if the sum of all nums is 100. If not the value of your last num is the difference that their sum and 100.
And to simply your code and get a clean strcuture, put that code in a loop and instead of single numbers work with an int[5] array.
private int[] CreateRandomNumbersWithSum()
{
int[] nums = new int[5];
int difference = 100;
Random rnd = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++)
{
nums[i] = rnd.Next(0, difference);
difference -= nums[i];
}
int sum = 0;
foreach (var num in nums)
sum += num;
if (sum != 100)
{
nums[4] = 100 - sum;
}
return nums;
}
I think this is a very simple solution:
public void GenerateRandNr(int total)
{
var rnd = new Random();
var nr1 = rnd.Next(0, total);
var nr2 = rnd.Next(0, total - nr1);
var nr3 = rnd.Next(0, total - nr1 - nr2);
var nr4 = rnd.Next(0, total - nr1 - nr2 - nr3);
var nr5 = total - nr1 - nr2 - nr3 - nr4;
}
EDIT:
Just tested it, works fine for me:
The solution is that it's not the numbers that need to be random so much as the distribution needs to be random. The randomness of the numbers will be a side effect of their random distribution.
So you would start with five random numbers in a given range. The exact range doesn't matter as long as the range is the same for all five, although a broader range allows for more variation. I'd use Random.NextDouble() which returns random numbers between 0 and 1.
Each of those individual numbers divided by the sum of those numbers represents a distribution.
For example, say your random numbers are .4, .7, .2, .5, .2. (Using fewer digits for simplicity.)
The total of those numbers is 2. So now the distributions are each of those numbers divided by the total.
.4 / 2 = .20
.7 / 2 = .35
.2 / 2 = .10
.5 / 2 = .25
.2 / 2 = .10
You'll notice that those distributions will equal 100% or really close to it if there are a lot more decimal places.
The output is going to be each of those distributions times the target number, in this case, 100. In other words, each of those numbers represents a piece of 100.
So multiplying each of those distributions times the target, we get 20, 35, 10, 25, and 100, which add up to 100.
The trouble is that because of rounding your numbers won't always perfectly add up to 100. To fix that you might add one to the smallest number if the sum is less than 100, or subtract one from the largest number of the the sum is greater than 100. Or you could choose to add or subtract on one of the numbers at random.
Here's a class to create the distributions. (I'm just playing around so I haven't exactly optimized this to death.)
public class RandomlyDistributesNumbersTotallingTarget
{
public IEnumerable<int> GetTheNumbers(int howManyNumbers, int targetTotal)
{
var random = new Random();
var distributions = new List<double>();
for (var addDistributions = 0; addDistributions < howManyNumbers; addDistributions++)
{
distributions.Add(random.NextDouble());
}
var sumOfDistributions = distributions.Sum();
var output = distributions.Select(
distribution =>
(int)Math.Round(distribution / sumOfDistributions * targetTotal, 0)).ToList();
RoundUpOutput(output, targetTotal);
return output;
}
private void RoundUpOutput(List<int> output, int targetTotal)
{
var difference = targetTotal - output.Sum();
if (difference !=0)
{
var indexToAdjust =
difference > 0 ? output.IndexOf(output.Min()) : output.IndexOf(output.Max());
output[indexToAdjust]+= difference;
}
}
}
And here's a not-perfectly-scientific unit test that tests it many times over and ensures that the results always total 100.
[TestMethod]
public void OutputTotalsTarget()
{
var subject = new RandomlyDistributesNumbersTotallingTarget();
for (var x = 0; x < 10000; x++)
{
var output = subject.GetTheNumbers(5, 100);
Assert.AreEqual(100, output.Sum());
}
}
Some sample outputs:
5, 30, 27, 7, 31
15, 7, 26, 27, 25
10, 11, 23, 2, 54
The numbers are always going to average to 20, so while 96, 1, 1, 1 is a hypothetical possibility they're going to tend to hover closer to 20.
Okay. Having been burned by my previous attempt at this seemingly trivial problem, I decided to have another go. Why not normalise all the numbers after generation? This guarantees randomness, and avoids O(n log n) performance from a sort. It also has the advantage that even with my basic maths, I can work out that the numbers are uniformly distributed.
public static int[] UniformNormalization(this Random r, int valueCount, int valueSum)
{
var ret = new int[valueCount];
long sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < valueCount; i++)
{
var next = r.Next(0, valueSum);
ret[i] = next;
sum += next;
}
var actualSum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < valueCount; i++)
{
actualSum += ret[i] = (int)((ret[i] * valueSum) / sum);
}
//Fix integer rounding errors.
if (valueSum > actualSum)
{
for (int i = 0; i < valueSum - actualSum; i++)
{
ret[r.Next(0, valueCount)]++;
}
}
return ret;
}
This should also be one of the fastest solutions.

count odd and even digits in a number

I try to write program that check the ratio between odd and even
digits in a given number. I've had some problems with this code:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int countEven = 0 ;
int countOdd = 0 ;
Console.WriteLine("insert a number");
int num = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
int length = num.GetLength;
for (int i = 0;i<length ; i++)
{
if((num/10)%2) == 0)
int countEven++;
}
}
any ideas?
The problem is that int does not have a length, only the string representation of it has one.As an alternative to m.rogalski answer, you can treat the input as a string to get all the digits one by one. Once you have a digit, then parsing it to int and checking if it is even or odd is trivial.Would be something like this:
int countEven = 0;
int countOdd = 0;
Console.WriteLine("insert a number");
string inputString = Console.ReadLine();
for (int i = 0; i < inputString.Length; i++)
{
if ((int.Parse(inputString[i].ToString()) % 2) == 0)
countEven++;
else
countOdd++;
}
Linq approach
Console.WriteLine("insert a number");
string num = Console.ReadLine(); // check for valid number here?
int countEven = num.Select(x => x - '0').Count(x => x % 2 == 0);
int countOdd = num.Select(x => x - '0').Count(x => x % 2 != 0);
Let's assume your input is : 123456
Now all you have to do is to get the modulo from the division by ten : int m = num % 10;
After that just check if bool isEven = m % 2 == 0;
On the end you have to just divide your input number by 10 and repeat the whole process till the end of numbers.
int a = 123456, oddCounter = 0, evenCounter = 0;
do
{
int m = a % 10;
switch(m % 2)
{
case 0:
evenCounter++;
break;
default: // case 1:
oddCounter++;
break;
}
//bool isEven = m % 2 == 0;
}while( ( a /= 10 ) != 0 );
Online example
Made a small change to your code and it works perfectly
int countEven = 0;
int countOdd = 0;
Console.WriteLine( "insert a number" );
char[] nums = Console.ReadLine().ToCharArray();
for ( int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++ )
{
if ( int.Parse( nums[i].ToString() ) % 2 == 0 )
{
countEven++;
}
else
{
countOdd++;
}
}
Console.WriteLine($"{countEven} even numbers \n{countOdd} odd numbers");
Console.ReadKey();
What I do is get each number as a a character in an array char[] and I loop through this array and check if its even or not.
If the Input number is a 32-bit integer (user pick the length of the number)
if asked:
The number of even digits in the input number
Product of odd digits in the input number
The sum of all digits of the input number
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
int num = ConvertToInt32(textBox1.Text);
int len_num = textBox1.Text.Length;
int[] arn = new int[len_num];
int cEv = 0; pOd = 0; s = 0;
for (int i = len_num-1; i >= 0; i--) { // loop until integer length is got down to 1
arn[i] = broj % 10; //using the mod we put the last digit into a declared array
if (arn[i] % 2 == 0) { // then check, is current digit even or odd
cEv++; // count even digits
} else { // or odd
if (pOd == 0) pOd++; // avoid product with zero
pOd *= arn [i]; // and multiply odd digits
}
num /= 10; // we divide by 10 until it's length is get to 1(len_num-1)
s += arn [i]; // sum of all digits
}
// and at last showing it in labels...
label2.Text = "a) The even digits count is: " + Convert.ToString(cEv);
label3.Text = "b) The product of odd digits is: " + Convert.ToString(pOd);
label4.Text = "c) The sum of all digits in this number is: " + Convert.ToString(s);
}
All we need in the interface is the textbox for entering the number, the button for the tasks, and labels to show obtained results. Of course, we have the same result if we use a classic form for the for loop like for (int i = 0; and <= len_num-1; i++) - because the essence is to count the even or odd digits rather than the sequence of the digits entry into the array
static void Main(string args[]) {
WriteLine("Please enter a number...");
var num = ReadLine();
// Check if input is a number
if (!long.TryParse(num, out _)) {
WriteLine("NaN!");
return;
}
var evenChars = 0;
var oddChars = 0;
// Convert string to char array, rid of any non-numeric characters (e.g.: -)
num.ToCharArray().Where(c => char.IsDigit(c)).ToList().ForEach(c => {
byte.TryParse(c.ToString(), out var b);
if (b % 2 == 0)
evenChars++;
else
oddChars++;
});
// Continue with code
}
EDIT:
You could also do this with a helper (local) function within the method body:
static void Main(string args[]) {
WriteLine("Please enter a number...");
var num = ReadLine();
// Check if input is a number
if (!long.TryParse(num, out _)) {
WriteLine("NaN!");
return;
}
var evenChars = 0;
var oddChars = 0;
// Convert string to char array, rid of any non-numeric characters (e.g.: -)
num.ToCharArray().Where(c => char.IsDigit(c)).ToList().ForEach(c => {
byte.TryParse(c.ToString(), out var b);
if (b % 2 == 0)
evenChars++;
else
oddChars++;
// Alternative method:
IsEven(b) ? evenChars++ : oddChars++;
});
// Continue with code
bool IsEven(byte b) => b % 2 == 0;
}
Why am I using a byte?
Dealing with numbers, it is ideal to use datatypes that don't take up as much RAM.
Granted, not as much an issue nowadays with multiple 100s of gigabytes possible, however, it is something not to be neglected.
An integer takes up 32 bits (4 bytes) of RAM, whereas a byte takes up a single byte (8 bits).
Imagine you're processing 1 mio. single-digit numbers, and assigning them each to integers. You're using 4 MiB of RAM, whereas the byte would only use up 1 MiB for 1 mio. numbers.
And seeming as a single-digit number (as is used in this case) can only go up to 9 (0-9), you're wasting a potential of 28 bits of memory (2^28) - whereas a byte can only go up to 255 (0-255), you're only wasting a measly four bits (2^4) of memory.

Generate 30 Random Numbers from a given sum

I am working on a report in C# in which I am given a total number of prints a department printed and I have to distribute them according to the month date that on 1st March 10 papers are printed out and so on to 31st March.
I have a form which takes the total print outs count.
I have a Month Selector.
From Month I get the total days which is total numbers to be generated eg: 30 or 31 or 28
Scenario :
In the month of March 2000 Prints outs
Total Sum of Month : 2000
Numbers to be generated : 31
this is my code
int sum = 2345;
int nums = 23;
Random rand = new Random();
int newNum = 0;
int[] ar = new int[23];
for (int i = 0; i < nums; i++)
{
newNum = rand.Next(0, sum);
ar[i] = newNum;
sum = sum - newNum;
}
for (int i = 0; i < 23 ; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(ar[i]);
}
Console.ReadLine();
what happens is in the ending numbers it goes to zero . I want Normally distributed like on one index it stores the maximum value at first and in the end it decreases.
We have a thrid party Ricoh Print/PhotoCopier Machine installed and third party bills us with certain amount which they have calculate that our department has printed 3000 printouts so we have to distribute them in the days randomly, print out the report and get payment invoice from our department head.
The department people are doing it on excel I offered them to give them a solution. Windows form application is built and I just have to put this logic thats all..
Thank you for your feedbacks
You can do this easily with partitions. For a 4 day month that produced 10 things: generate 3 random numbers between 0 and 10 (inclusive). Sort them and append 10 to the list of numbers. So we have perhaps:
3 6 6 10
Which partitions our prints:
p p p | p p p | | p p p p
If you want to have 23 random numbers with sum of 2345, you can use this code:
int sum = 2345;
int nums = 23;
int max = sum / nums;
Random rand = new Random();
int newNum = 0;
int[] ar = new int[23];
for (int i = 0; i < nums-1; i++) {
newNum = rand.Next(max);
ar[i] = newNum;
sum-= newNum;
max = sum / (nums-i-1);
}
ar[nums - 1] = sum;
It will give you:
Here is my idea for generating 30 random numbers with a specific sum:
int sum = 3000;
int size = 30; // assumes that (sum % size == 0)
int[] result = new int[size];
Random rand = new Random();
int x = sum / size;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
result[i] = x;
}
for (int i = 0; i < x; i++)
{
var a = rand.Next(size - 1); // not sure if parameter is inclusive?
var b = rand.Next(size - 1); // should return number between 0 and size-1 inclusively
result[a]++;
result[b]--;
}
int testSum = result.Sum(); // will equal "sum" (3000)
Lee Daniel Crocker linked to this, though, which I think is a better solution. Very neat and intuitive.

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