Develop Reference

Why this error occurs "an object reference is required for the nonstatic field"? [duplicate]

Consider:
namespace WindowsApplication1
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//int[] val = { 0, 0};
int val;
if (textBox1.Text == "")
{
MessageBox.Show("Input any no");
}
else
{
val = Convert.ToInt32(textBox1.Text);
Thread ot1 = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(SumData));
ot1.Start(val);
}
}
private static void ReadData(object state)
{
System.Windows.Forms.Application.Run();
}
void setTextboxText(int result)
{
if (this.InvokeRequired)
{
this.Invoke(new IntDelegate(SetTextboxTextSafe), new object[] { result });
}
else
{
SetTextboxTextSafe(result);
}
}
void SetTextboxTextSafe(int result)
{
label1.Text = result.ToString();
}
private static void SumData(object state)
{
int result;
//int[] icount = (int[])state;
int icount = (int)state;
for (int i = icount; i > 0; i--)
{
result += i;
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
setTextboxText(result);
}
delegate void IntDelegate(int result);
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Application.Exit();
}
}
}
Why is this error occurring?
An object reference is required for the nonstatic field, method, or property 'WindowsApplication1.Form1.setTextboxText(int)

It looks like you are calling a non static member (a property or method, specifically setTextboxText) from a static method (specifically SumData). You will need to either:
Make the called member static also:
static void setTextboxText(int result)
{
// Write static logic for setTextboxText.
// This may require a static singleton instance of Form1.
}
Create an instance of Form1 within the calling method:
private static void SumData(object state)
{
int result = 0;
//int[] icount = (int[])state;
int icount = (int)state;
for (int i = icount; i > 0; i--)
{
result += i;
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
Form1 frm1 = new Form1();
frm1.setTextboxText(result);
}
Passing in an instance of Form1 would be an option also.
Make the calling method a non-static instance method (of Form1):
private void SumData(object state)
{
int result = 0;
//int[] icount = (int[])state;
int icount = (int)state;
for (int i = icount; i > 0; i--)
{
result += i;
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
setTextboxText(result);
}
More info about this error can be found on MSDN.

For this case, where you want to get a Control of a Form and are receiving this error, then I have a little bypass for you.
Go to your Program.cs and change
Application.Run(new Form1());
to
public static Form1 form1 = new Form1(); // Place this var out of the constructor
Application.Run(form1);
Now you can access a control with
Program.form1.<Your control>
Also: Don't forget to set your Control-Access-Level to Public.
And yes I know, this answer does not fit to the question caller, but it fits to googlers who have this specific issue with controls.

You start a thread which runs the static method SumData. However, SumData calls SetTextboxText which isn't static. Thus you need an instance of your form to call SetTextboxText.

Your method must be static
static void setTextboxText(int result)
{
if (this.InvokeRequired)
{
this.Invoke(new IntDelegate(SetTextboxTextSafe), new object[] { result });
}
else
{
SetTextboxTextSafe(result);
}
}

Credit to #COOLGAMETUBE for tipping me off to what ended up working for me. His idea was good but I had a problem when Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault was called after the form was already created. So with a little change, this is working for me:
static class Program
{
public static Form1 form1; // = new Form1(); // Place this var out of the constructor
/// <summary>
/// The main entry point for the application.
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
Application.Run(form1 = new Form1());
}
}

I actually got this error because I was checking InnerHtml for some content that was generated dynamically - i.e. a control that is runat=server.
To solve this I had to remove the "static" keyword on my method, and it ran fine.

From my looking you give a null value to a textbox and return in a ToString() as it is a static method. You can replace it with Convert.ToString() that can enable null value.

Make the function static. This must solve your problem.

The essence, and solution, to your problem is this:
using System;
namespace myNameSpace
{
class Program
{
private void method()
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
method();//<-- Compile Time error because an instantiation of the Program class doesnt exist
Program p = new Program();
p.method();//Now it works. (You could also make method() static to get it to work)
}
}
}

How to update progress bar from another class C#?

I have my progressbar in form1. and i have another class called process.cs
In the main form I have these two functions...
public void SetProgressMax(int max)
{
uiProgressBar.Value = 0;
uiProgressBar.Minimum = 0;
uiProgressBar.Maximum = max;
}
public void IncrementProgress()
{
uiProgressBar.Increment(1);
}
How can I call these functions from my process.cs class?

You're creating a "tightly coupled" solution which requires the process class to have a reference to the Form (I'll use Form1 in this example).
So in your process class, you need to create a variable to store the reference to the form, and allow a way to pass that reference in. One way is to use the constructor of the class:
public class process
{
private Form1 f1 = null;
public process(Form1 f1)
{
this.f1 = f1;
}
public void Foo()
{
if (f1 != null && !f1.IsDisposed)
{
f1.SetProgressMax(10);
f1.IncrementProgress();
f1.IncrementProgress();
f1.IncrementProgress();
}
}
}
Here's an example of creating the process class from within Form1 and passing the reference in:
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
process p = new process(this);
p.Foo();
}
public void SetProgressMax(int max)
{
uiProgressBar.Value = 0;
uiProgressBar.Minimum = 0;
uiProgressBar.Maximum = max;
}
public void IncrementProgress()
{
uiProgressBar.Increment(1);
}
}
--- EDIT ---
Here's a boiled down version of the "loosely coupled" events approach (ignoring multi-threading issues for simplicity):
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
process p = new process();
p.Progress += p_Progress;
p.Foo();
}
void p_Progress(int value)
{
uiProgressBar.Value = value;
}
}
public class process
{
public delegate void dlgProgress(int value);
public event dlgProgress Progress;
public void Foo()
{
// ... some code ...
// calcuate the current progress position somehow:
int i = (int)((double)3 / (double)10 * (double)100); // 30% complete
// raise the event if there are subscribers:
if (Progress != null)
{
Progress(i);
}
}
}
Note that in this approach the process class has no reference to the form and has no idea what is being done with the progress value. It simply reports the progress and the subscriber (the form in this case) decides what to do with that information.

Avoiding null pointer exception in delegates

I'm using delegates
in my c# windows forms application project.Using that I'm trying to remove items in a list box. I'm getting this null pointer exception and can somebody suggest a way to avoid that?
Delegate
public delegate void OrderEventDelegate (Object sender, OrderEventArgs args);
OrderEventArgs class
public class OrderEventArgs
{
private String message;
public String Message
{
get { return message; }
set { message = value; }
}
private int tableNo;
public int TableNo
{
get { return tableNo; }
set { tableNo = value; }
}
}
Class 1
public partial class Class1 : Form
{
private event OrderEventDelegate readyEvent;
public Class1(HomeForm parent, int tableNo)
{
InitializeComponent();
readyEvent -= new OrderEventDelegate(parent.readyOrder);
}
public void button_click()
{
OrderEventArgs readyOrderArg = new OrderEventArgs();
readyOrderArg.TableNo = 1;
readyOrderArg.Message = "123";
readyEvent(this, readyOrderArg);
}
}
Here readyEvent -= new OrderEventDelegate(parent.readyOrder);readyOrder() is the method which remove items in the list, which is located in the 'Homeform'.
Exception

It is possible to initialize C# events with an empty delegate. This way it can always be called safely without a null pointer check. As shown in this answer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/340618/2404788.
public delegate void OrderEventDelegate (Object sender, OrderEventArgs args) = delegate {};

If there's a possibility of something being null and you can do something about it/don't want to critically fail when it is, then check for it:
if (readyEvent != null) {
readyEvent( ... );
}
But the point here, I suppose, is that you don't want this thing to be null; so you should subscribe a handler to the event. I'm not sure why you're trying to remove a new instance of the delegate handler, but to add one you would use +=.

How to avoid multiple instances of windows form in c#

How to avoid multiple instances of windows form in c# ?? i want only one instance of the form running. Because there are chances of opening the same form from many pages of my application.

implement the Singleton pattern
an example: CodeProject: Simple Singleton Forms (ok, it's in VB.NET, but just to give you a clue)

Yes, it has singleton pattern,
Code to create a singleton object,
public partial class Form2 : Form
{
.....
private static Form2 inst;
public static Form2 GetForm
{
get
{
if (inst == null || inst.IsDisposed)
inst = new Form2();
return inst;
}
}
....
}
Invoke/Show this form,
Form2.GetForm.Show();

When you display the dialog simply use .ShowDialog(); instead of .Show();

One solution I applied to my project in order to bring this form again in the foreground is:
private bool checkWindowOpen(string windowName)
{
for (int i = 0; i < Application.OpenForms.Count; i++)
{
if (Application.OpenForms[i].Name.Equals(windowName))
{
Application.OpenForms[i].BringToFront();
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
windowName is essentially the class name of your Windows Form and
return value can be used for not creating a new form instance.

If your system has the possibility of showing the same type of form for different instance data then you could create a checking system that iterates all existing open forms, looking for a unique instance data identifier and then re-display any found form.
e.g. having a form class 'CustomerDetails' which contains a public property 'CustomerUniqueID':
foreach(Form f in CurrentlyDisplayedForms)
{
CustomerDetails details = f as CustomerDetails;
if((details != null) && (details.CustomerUniqueUD == myCustomerID))
{
details.BringToFront();
}
else
{
CustomerDetails newDetail = new CustomerDetails(myCustomerID);
}
}
We also use the same mechanism to automatically force refreshes of data binding where a customer's data has been edited and saved.

Here is my solution in ShowForm() :
private void ShowForm(Type typeofForm, string sCaption)
{
Form fOpen = GetOpenForm(typeofForm);
Form fNew = fOpen;
if (fNew == null)
fNew = (Form)CreateNewInstanceOfType(typeofForm);
else
if (fNew.IsDisposed)
fNew = (Form)CreateNewInstanceOfType(typeofForm);
if (fOpen == null)
{
fNew.Text = sCaption;
fNew.ControlBox = true;
fNew.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.FixedSingle;
fNew.MaximizeBox = false;
fNew.MinimizeBox = false;
// for MdiParent
//if (f1.MdiParent == null)
// f1.MdiParent = CProject.mFMain;
fNew.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual;
fNew.Left = 0;
fNew.Top = 0;
ShowMsg("Ready");
}
fNew.Show();
fNew.Focus();
}
private void aboutToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ShowForm(typeof(FAboutBox), "About");
}
private Form GetOpenForm(Type typeofForm)
{
FormCollection fc = Application.OpenForms;
foreach (Form f1 in fc)
if (f1.GetType() == typeofForm)
return f1;
return null;
}
private object CreateNewInstanceOfType(Type typeofAny)
{
return Activator.CreateInstance(typeofAny);
}
public void ShowMsg(string sMsg)
{
lblStatus.Text = sMsg;
if (lblStatus.ForeColor != SystemColors.ControlText)
lblStatus.ForeColor = SystemColors.ControlText;
}

check this link :
using System;
public sealed class Singleton
{
private static volatile Singleton instance;
private static object syncRoot = new Object();
private Singleton() {}
public static Singleton Instance
{
get
{
if (instance == null)
{
lock (syncRoot)
{
if (instance == null)
instance = new Singleton();
}
}
return instance;
}
}
}

Try this code
Public class MyClass
{
//Create a variable named
public static int count = 0;
//Then increment count variable in constructor
MyClass()
{
count++;
}
}
While creating the object for the above class 'MyClass' check the count value greater than 1
class AnotherClass
{
public void Event()
{
if(ClassName.Count <= 1)
{
ClassName classname=new ClassName();
}
}
}

Here's a simple way to do it.
Check if the form is null, or has been disposed. If that's true we create a new instance of the form.
Otherwise we just show the already running form.
Form form;
private void btnDesktop_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (form == null || desktop.IsDisposed)
{
form = new Form();
form.Show();
}
else
{
form.WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal;
}
}

private static MyForm _myForm;
internal static MyForm form
{
get
{
if (_myForm == null)
{
_myForm = new MyForm();
}
return _myForm;
}
}
public MyForm()
{
InitializeComponent();
_myForm = this;
}
private void MyForm_FormClosed(object sender, FormClosedEventArgs e)
{
_myForm = null;
}

Singletons are not object-oriented. They are simply the object version of global variables. What you can do is to make the constructor of the Form class private, so nobody can accidentally create one of these. Then call in reflection, convert the ctor to public and make sure you create one and only one instance of it.

You can check the existing processes prior to opening the form:
using System.Diagnostics;
bool ApplicationAlreadyStarted()
{
return Process.GetProcessesByName(Process.GetCurrentProcess.ProcessName).Length == 0;
}
I don't know if the GetProcessesByName method is affected by UAC or other security measures.

CallBack on garbagecollected Delegate

I'm working with a usb device. This Device receives messages and I don't know when or how often. The API that comes with the driver specifies a setreceiveCallBack function that gives a callback when the device receives a message.
But at random times or intervals I receive a callback on garbagecollected delegate exeption. I have searched for solutions to my problem but none of the solutions seem to work in my case.
The following is the biggest part of my code:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace CallBacktesting
{
public unsafe delegate void callBack(Form1.CANMsg *pmsg);
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
uint handle;
static WriteLog log = new WriteLog();
Boolean getCan = false;
static int frameCount = 0;
static CANMsg newmsg = new CANMsg();
callBack _setCallBack;
List<string> write = new List<string>();
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void buttonOpen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Open connection
}
private void buttonClose_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Close connection
}
private void buttonCallBack_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!getCan)
{
int rv;
unsafe
{
callBack _setCallBack = new callBack(call);
rv = canusb_setReceiveCallBack(handle, _setCallBack);
}
label1.Text = rv.ToString();
}
else
{
_setCallBack = null;
int rv = canusb_setReceiveCallBack(handle, _setCallBack);
GC.KeepAlive(_setCallBack);
label1.Text = rv.ToString();
}
}
public unsafe void call(CANMsg *pmsg)
{
newmsg = *pmsg;
update();
}
private void buttonExit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
GC.KeepAlive(_setCallBack);
Application.Exit();
}
[DllImport("canusbdrv.dll", EntryPoint = "canusb_setReceiveCallBack")]
public static extern int canusb_setReceiveCallBack(uint handle, callBack callBack);
unsafe private void timer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// update the form with received messages
}
public void update()
{
CANMsg msgrec = newmsg;
// Build str from messages with all data
write.Add(str);
log.logWrite(str);
frameCount++;
}
}
public class WriteLog
{
private void OpenFile()
{ }
public void logWrite(string log)
{ }
public void logAdd(string log)
{ }
private void logClose()
{ }
}
}

In your code, when you do
callBack setCallBack = new callBack(call);
rv = canusb_setReceiveCallBack(handle, call);
the delegate will be available for garbage collection after you invoke 'canusb_setReceiveCallBack' because no where in your code is the delegate referenced.
You could avoid this be storing it in a private field.
E.x.:
Class Form1
{
callBack _setCallBack;
private void buttonCallBack_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
_setCallBack = new callBack(call);
rv = canusb_setReceiveCallBack(handle, _setCallBack);
}
}
But this may have some problems because each button click will create a new callback. This can be problematic if the previous callback needed to be referenced.
I think what you should do is refactor the code to use a SafeHandle to store the handle returned by canusb_Open.
I would design the class like this.
class CanUsbSafeHandle : SafeHandle
{
private EventHandler _receiveCallBack;
private readonly object _receiveCallBackLock = new object();
public event EventHandler ReceiveCallBack
{
add
{
lock (_receiveCallBackLock)
{
bool hasListeners = (_receiveCallBack != null);
_receiveCallBack += value;
//call canusb_setReceiveCallBack only when 1 or more listeners were added
//and there were previously no listeners
if (!hasListeners && (_receiveCallBack != null))
{
canusb_setReceiveCallBack(this, setCallBack);
}
}
}
remove
{
lock (_receiveCallBackLock)
{
bool hasListeners = (_receiveCallBack != null);
_receiveCallBack -= value;
//call canusb_setReceiveCallBack only when there are no more listeners.
if(hasListeners && (_receiveCallBack == null))
{
canusb_setReceiveCallBack(this, null);
}
}
}
}
public CanUsbSafeHandle()
: base(IntPtr.Zero, true)
{
}
public override bool IsInvalid
{
get { return handle == IntPtr.Zero; }
}
protected override bool ReleaseHandle()
{
return canusb_Close(handle);
}
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing)
{
lock (_receiveCallBackLock)
{
_receiveCallBack = null;
}
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
}
That way, the SafeHandle will manage the 'receive callback' delegate's lifetime will be managed by the SafeHandle.

Is this correct / a typo?:
callBack setCallBack = new callBack(call);
rv = canusb_setReceiveCallBack(handle, call);
You appear to create an instance of callBack, but then pass something else to canusb_setReceiveCallBack - did you mean to pass setCallBack instead?
Also, on this line you are declaring setCallBack to be a local variable, and so even if you do pass setCallBack instead of call, you are still passing a locally scoped variable which will probably be garbage collected (I noticed that you do GC.KeepAlive(setCallBack);
to explicitly prevent this)