Develop Reference

How to print a diamond pattern outline with C#

Here's the code of a solid diamond and I want to remove the middle and leave the edges.
From this,
to this,
public void DiamondOne()
{
int i, j, count = 1, number;
Console.Write("Enter number of rows:");
number = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
count = number - 1;
for (j = 1; j <= number; j++)
{
for (i = 1; i <= count; i++)
Console.Write(" ");
count--;
for (i = 1; i <= 2 * j - 1; i++)
Console.Write("*");
Console.WriteLine();
}
count = 1;
for (j = 1; j <= number - 1; j++)
{
for (i = 1; i <= count; i++)
Console.Write(" ");
count++;
for (i = 1; i <= 2 * (number - j) - 1; i++)
Console.Write("*");
Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.ReadLine();
}

I would go with something like this:
public void Diamond()
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter number of rows:");
bool isNumber = int.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out int rowsNr);
if (!isNumber)
{
Console.WriteLine("Not a number!");
return;
}
// print the upper half
for (int rowIndex = 0; rowIndex < rowsNr - 1; rowIndex++)
{
for (int colIndex = 0; colIndex <= 2 * rowsNr; colIndex++)
{
if (colIndex == Math.Abs(rowsNr - rowIndex) || colIndex == Math.Abs(rowsNr + rowIndex))
{
Console.Write("*");
}
else
{
Console.Write(" ");
}
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
// print the lower half
for (int rowIndex = 1; rowIndex <= rowsNr; rowIndex++)
{
for (int colIndex = 0; colIndex <= 2 * rowsNr; colIndex++)
{
if (colIndex == rowIndex || colIndex == 2 * rowsNr - rowIndex)
{
Console.Write("*");
}
else
{
Console.Write(" ");
}
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
Basically you are looking for the x and y coordinates. Each of the 4 edges has its own equation (the upper-left one is x == y for instance) and you check for these while you iterate. I split the code in two parts, one for the upper half and one for the lower half. It's more readable and you don't put together too many if statements and lose the meaning of the code.

This is what I came up with:
// Get the number of rows
int rows;
do
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter number of rows:");
} while (!int.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out rows));
// Print diamond
DiamondOne(rows, Console.Out);
// Wait for key press
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit");
Console.ReadKey(true);
static void DiamondOne(int rows, TextWriter output)
{
for (int currentRow = 0; currentRow < rows; currentRow++)
{
OutputRow(rows, output, currentRow);
}
for (int currentRow = rows - 2; currentRow >= 0; currentRow--)
{
OutputRow(rows, output, currentRow);
}
}
static void OutputRow(int rows, TextWriter output, int currentRow)
{
int indentation = rows - currentRow - 1;
int diamondCentre = Math.Max((currentRow * 2) - 1, 0);
output.Write(new string(' ', indentation));
output.Write('*');
output.Write(new string(' ', diamondCentre));
if (currentRow != 0) output.Write('*');
output.WriteLine();
}

Columns and rows in a 2D array?

{
int woodchuckSim = 0;
int numOfDays = 0;
bool validNumber = false;
bool validDays = false;
Random ran1 = new Random();
//display banner
//Ask user how many woodchucks to simulate
while(!validNumber)
{
Write("How many woodchucks would you like to simulate? (1 - 100) ");
int.TryParse(ReadLine(), out woodchuckSim);
if((woodchuckSim <= 0) || (woodchuckSim > 100))
{
WriteLine("\nPlease enter a correct amount of woodchucks to simulate: ");
}
else
{
validNumber = true;
}
}
//Ask user how many days to simulate
while(!validDays)
{
Write("\nHow many days would you like to simulate? (1 - 10) ");
int.TryParse(ReadLine(), out numOfDays);
if((numOfDays <= 0) || (numOfDays > 10))
{
WriteLine("Please enter a positive whole number between 1 and 10: ");
}
else
{
validDays = true;
}
}
//Using random class populate each cell between 1 and 50 that represents # of pieces of wood chucked by specific woodchuck on that specific day
int[,] sim = new int[woodchuckSim, numOfDays];
WriteLine($"{woodchuckSim} {numOfDays}");
for (int i = 0; i < sim.GetLength(0); i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < sim.GetLength(1); j++)
{
sim[i, j] = ran1.Next(1, 50);
Write(sim[i, j] + "\t");
}
{
WriteLine(i.ToString());
}
}
WriteLine("Press any key to continue...");
ReadLine();
}
This is my code so far in my woodchuck simulation coding assignment but I need a columns and rows label on the side and top like the picture. I really don't have any idea how to do this, and I'm not sure if I'm missing a code or typed something wrong. Also at the end of the code it prints out the number of woodchucks simulated in a straight line like if the user typed in 15 it would print 0-14 in a straight line at the end which is not something I want, any help will be appreciated, thanks! (The second picture is what my code is printing)

There are a few steps to do this, but it's not too hard:
Write the column headers (include blank space at the beginning where the row headers go
Write the column underlines
For each row, write the row header first
Then for each column in the row, write the column data
After the column data is written, write a newline to start the next row
Here's a sample that produces a table similar to your output. Note that we use PadLeft to pad each column data with spaces so they're all the same width. I've also included Sum and Avg columns based on your comment below. Additionally, to clean up the main code, I added methods to write text in a different color and a method to get an integer from the user:
private static readonly Random Random = new Random();
private static void WriteColor(string text,
ConsoleColor foreColor = ConsoleColor.Gray,
ConsoleColor backColor = ConsoleColor.Black)
{
Console.ForegroundColor = foreColor;
Console.BackgroundColor = backColor;
Console.Write(text);
Console.ResetColor();
}
private static void WriteLineColor(string text,
ConsoleColor foreColor = ConsoleColor.Gray,
ConsoleColor backColor = ConsoleColor.Black)
{
WriteColor(text + Environment.NewLine, foreColor, backColor);
}
public static int GetIntFromUser(string prompt, Func<int, bool> validator = null)
{
var isValid = true;
int result;
do
{
if (!isValid)
{
WriteLineColor("Invalid input, please try again.", ConsoleColor.Red);
}
else isValid = false;
Console.Write(prompt);
} while (!int.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out result) ||
(validator != null && !validator.Invoke(result)));
return result;
}
public static void Main()
{
int columnWidth = 6;
ConsoleColor sumForeColor = ConsoleColor.DarkRed;
ConsoleColor sumBackColor = ConsoleColor.Gray;
ConsoleColor avgForeColor = ConsoleColor.White;
ConsoleColor avgBackColor = ConsoleColor.DarkGreen;
int numWoodchucks = GetIntFromUser(
"How many woodchucks would you like to simulate? (1 - 100) ... ",
x => x >= 1 && x <= 100);
int numDays = GetIntFromUser(
"How many days would you like to simulate? (1 - 10) .......... ",
x => x >= 1 && x <= 10);
int[,] data = new int[numWoodchucks, numDays];
// Write column headers, starting with a blank row header
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write(new string(' ', columnWidth));
for (int col = 1; col <= data.GetLength(1); col++)
{
Console.Write($"{col}".PadLeft(columnWidth));
}
Console.Write(" ");
WriteColor("Sum".PadLeft(columnWidth - 1), sumForeColor, sumBackColor);
Console.Write(" ");
WriteLineColor("Avg".PadLeft(columnWidth - 1), avgForeColor, avgBackColor);
// Write column header underlines
Console.Write(new string(' ', columnWidth));
for (int col = 0; col < data.GetLength(1); col++)
{
Console.Write(" _____");
}
Console.Write(" ");
WriteColor("_____", sumForeColor, sumBackColor);
Console.Write(" ");
WriteLineColor("_____", avgForeColor, avgBackColor);
int total = 0;
for (int row = 0; row < data.GetLength(0); row++)
{
// Write row header
Console.Write($"{row + 1} |".PadLeft(columnWidth));
int rowSum = 0;
// Store and write row data
for (int col = 0; col < data.GetLength(1); col++)
{
data[row, col] = Random.Next(1, 50);
Console.Write($"{data[row, col]}".PadLeft(columnWidth));
rowSum += data[row, col];
}
// Write sum and average
Console.Write(" ");
WriteColor($"{rowSum}".PadLeft(columnWidth - 1),
sumForeColor, sumBackColor);
Console.Write(" ");
WriteLineColor($"{Math.Round((double) rowSum / data.GetLength(1), 1):F1}"
.PadLeft(columnWidth - 1), avgForeColor, avgBackColor);
total += rowSum;
}
// Write the sum of all the items
Console.Write(new string(' ', columnWidth + columnWidth * data.GetLength(1) + 1));
WriteColor("_____", sumForeColor, sumBackColor);
Console.Write(" ");
WriteLineColor("_____", avgForeColor, avgBackColor);
// Write the average of all the items
Console.Write(new string(' ', columnWidth + columnWidth * data.GetLength(1) + 1));
WriteColor($"{total}".PadLeft(columnWidth - 1), sumForeColor, sumBackColor);
Console.Write(" ");
WriteLineColor(
$"{Math.Round((double) total / (data.GetLength(0) * data.GetLength(1)), 1):F1}"
.PadLeft(columnWidth - 1), avgForeColor, avgBackColor);
Console.Write("\nPress any key to continue...");
Console.ReadKey();
}
Output

Not tested, but something like this:
Write("\t");
for (int i = 0; i < sim.GetLength(0); i++)
{
Write(i.ToString() + "\t");
}
WriteLine("\t");
for (int i = 0; i < sim.GetLength(0); i++)
{
Write("_____\t");
}
WriteLine();
for (int i = 0; i < sim.GetLength(0); i++)
{
{
WriteLine(i.ToString().PadLeft(3) + " |\t");
}
for (int j = 0; j < sim.GetLength(1); j++)
{
sim[i, j] = ran1.Next(1, 50);
Write(sim[i, j] + "\t");
}
}
Like I said, not tested, just typed right into the editor here, but that should get you close. Also, look at the string.PadLeft(int) function to get your numbers to be right-justified like the example.

pyramid pattern in while loop c#

I have to create a program to print pyramid pattern (1 2 33 44 555 666...) and sum the numbers.
Here is my solution:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int i, j;
i = 1;
int sum = 0;
while (i < 9)
{
for (j = 1; j <= i; j+=2)
{
Console.Write(i);
}
Console.Write("\n");
sum += i;
i++;
}
Console.WriteLine("Summary: " + sum);
Console.ReadLine();
}
And my output:
What am I doing wrong here (wrong summary)?

Here is an optimized and working version of your code:
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < 9; i++)
{
int current = 0;
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j += 2)
{
Console.Write(i);
current = 10 * current + i;
}
Console.WriteLine();
sum += current;
}
Console.WriteLine("Summary: " + sum);
The main issue is that you were only capturing the value of i (integer being printed) and using that to calculate the summary. As seen here, the current value is captured (for the entire line) within the nested loop and then added to the summary to give you the result you expect.
HTH

Only made small adjustments to your code.
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int i, j;
i = 1;
int sum = 0;
while (i <= 9)
{
for (j = 0; j <= i - 1; j++)
{
Console.Write(i);
sum += i * (int)Math.Pow(10, j);
}
Console.WriteLine();
i++;
}
Console.WriteLine("Sum: " + sum);
Console.ReadLine();
}
If you like to extend your code to let the user pick a number you can do this:
Instead of this line:
while (i <= 9)
You can do this:
Console.WriteLine("Please enter a number between 1 and 9:");
int maxValue = 1;
while (true)
{
if (!int.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out maxValue) || maxValue < 1 || maxValue > 9)
{
Console.WriteLine("Wrong input! Try again:");
continue;
}
break;
}
while (i <= maxValue)

Please find not optimized but quick solution
int i, j;
i = 1;
int sum = 0;
while (i < 9)
{
int current = 0;
for (j = 1; j <= i; j += 2)
{
current = 10 * current + i;
Console.Write(i);
}
Console.Write("\n");
sum += current;
i++;
}
Console.WriteLine("Summary: " + sum);
Console.ReadLine();

Trying to output an isosceles triangle. I keep getting a right triangle

using System;
namespace Shapes
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Character: ");
string symbol = (Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("Peak of Triangle: ");
int peak = Int32.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
int i = 0;
while (i <= peak) // spaces for triangle
{
Console.WriteLine(" ");
int z = 1;
while (z <= i) // Symbols for triangle
{
Console.Write(symbol);
z++;
}
i++;
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
Output: should start at one (*) then increase until the peak is met. Then should decrease back down to one of whatever input.
The output I am getting is not decreasing it stops at the peak input

You have to reverse the counter i to count back to 0.
Console.WriteLine("Character: ");
string symbol = (Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("Peak of Triangle: ");
int peak = Int32.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); // spaces for triangle
int i = 0;
int n = 1;
while (i != -1) // do it until i is negative
{
Console.WriteLine(" ");
int z = 1;
while (z <= i) // Symbols for triangle
{
Console.Write(symbol);
z++;
}
i += n; // increments when n = 1. decrements when n = -1
if (i >= peak) // reverse counter when it reaches peak
{
n = -1;
}
}

C# mastermind game

In the Main method, in the for loop, if you copy/paste/run whole program in visual, you'll see that i'm trying to end the game. First "if", if the user hasn't guessed; then attempts decrements by one and keeps guessing. The second "else if", if the user has guessed the PCArray, than the game ends and message shows. those work.
But, the first "else if", if the user has exhausted his attempts to guess, and hasn't guessed PCArray, than it should say "oh no, you couldn't guess..." Why is this not working.
I just want it to work so that if:
- user hasn't guessed but still has attempts, attempts decrements by 1 until 0.
- user has guessed the correct number, it says congrats.
- attempts are 0 and user still hasn't guessed number, then show "oh no..." message.
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string name;
Console.WriteLine("**************Let's play Master-Mined**************");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write("Please enter your name: ");
name = Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine("Welcome {0}. Have fun!! ", name);
int numberCount = 0;
int difficultyLevel = 0;
int digitNumber = GetRandomNumberCount(numberCount);
Console.Write(digitNumber + " it is. Let's play.");
Console.WriteLine();
int[] PCArray = GenerateRandomNumbers(digitNumber);
Console.WriteLine("A " + digitNumber + "-digit number has been chosen. Each possible digit may be the number 1, 2, 3 or 4.");
Console.WriteLine(" ******");
int difficulty = GetGameDifficulty(difficultyLevel);
int attempts = difficulty * digitNumber;
Console.WriteLine("Enter your guess ({0} guesses remaining)", attempts);
int remaining = attempts;
for (int i = 0; i < attempts; i++)
{
int[] userArray = GetUserGuess(digitNumber);
int hits = CountHits(PCArray, userArray, attempts);
if ((hits != PCArray.Length) && (attempts > 0))
{
remaining--;
Console.WriteLine("Enter your guess ({0} guesses remaining)", remaining);
}
else if ((attempts < 1))
{
Console.WriteLine("Oh no {0}! You couldn't guess the right number.", name);
Console.WriteLine("The correct number is: ");
for (int j = 0; j < PCArray.Length; j++)
{
Console.Write(PCArray[j] + " ");
}
Console.WriteLine("Would you like to play again (Y/N)? ");
}
else if (hits == PCArray.Length)
{
attempts = 0;
Console.WriteLine("You win {0}!", name);
Console.WriteLine("The correct number is:");
for (int j = 0; j < PCArray.Length; j++)
{
Console.Write(PCArray[j] + " ");
}
}
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
public static int GetRandomNumberCount(int numberCount)
{
int number = 0;
do
{
try
{
Console.Write("How many numbers would you like to use in playing the game (4-10)? ");
number = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine();
}
catch
{
Console.WriteLine("You must pick a number between 4 and 10. Choose again.");
Console.WriteLine();
}
} while ((number < 4) || (number > 10));
return number;
}
public static int GetGameDifficulty(int difficultyLevel)
{
int difficulty = 0;
do
{
try
{
Console.Write("Choose a difficulty level (1=hard, 2=medium, 3=easy): ");
difficulty = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
}
catch
{
Console.WriteLine(" Incorrect entry: Please re-enter.");
}
} while ((difficulty < 1) || (difficulty > 3));
return difficulty;
}
public static int[] GenerateRandomNumbers(int PCSize)
{
int eachNumber;
int[] randomNumber = new int[PCSize];
Random rnd = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < randomNumber.Length; i++)
{
eachNumber = rnd.Next(1, 5);
randomNumber[i] = eachNumber;
Console.Write(eachNumber);
}
Console.WriteLine();
return randomNumber;
}
public static int[] GetUserGuess(int userSize)
{
int number = 0;
int[] userGuess = new int[userSize];
for (int i = 0; i < userGuess.Length; i++)
{
Console.Write("Digit {0}: ", (i + 1));
number = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
userGuess[i] = number;
//Console.Write(number);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write("Your guess: ");
for (int i = 0; i < userGuess.Length; i++)
{
Console.Write(userGuess[i] + " ");
}
Console.WriteLine();
return userGuess;
}
public static int CountHits(int[] PCArray, int[] userArray, int attempts)
{
int hit = 0;
int miss = 0;
int hits = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < PCArray.Length; i++)
{
if (PCArray[i] == userArray[i])
{
hit = hit + 1;
hits = hit;
}
else
{
miss = miss + 1;
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Results: {0} Hit(s), {1} Miss(es)", hit, miss);
return hits;
}
}

First of all, you should rethink your code, because the flow control is scattered throughout your code. For example, you don't need both attempts and remaining, they control the same thing.
Using two variables to control the same thing is what is causing your problem. The first two ifs in your for should be like this:
if (hits != PCArray.Length && remaining > 1)
and
else if (remaining == 1)
Note I removed the unnecessary parenthesis. With these changes, your application works, although the code is not too pretty.
A simple way of enhancing your code is to first check for the right result, and if it's not, then decrease the attempts variable and finally check for its value. That's why with your code as it is, the if should compare to 1 instead of 0.
The hits variable in your CountHits method is totally unnecessary; you should just return hit. Actually the miss variable can be avoided too, you can calculate it. Also remember to use the ++ operator.
But as I said first, the important thing is not to make it work but to organize your code properly. Later I will post my version.
My version, it's not the most beautiful thing in the world but I didn't want to change much of your code structure:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("************** Let's play Master-Mind **************\n");
string name = GetPlayerName();
do
{
Play(name);
Console.Write("\nWould you like to play again (Y/N)? ");
}
while (Console.ReadLine().ToUpper() == "Y");
}
private static void Play(string name)
{
int numberCount = GetRandomNumberCount();
Console.Write(numberCount + " it is. Let's play.");
Console.WriteLine();
int[] PCArray = GenerateRandomNumbers(numberCount);
Console.WriteLine("A {0}-digit number has been chosen. Each possible digit may be the number 1 to 4.\n", numberCount);
int difficulty = GetGameDifficulty();
bool won = false;
for (int allowedAttempts = difficulty * numberCount; allowedAttempts > 0 && !won; allowedAttempts--)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nEnter your guess ({0} guesses remaining)", allowedAttempts);
int[] userArray = GetUserGuess(numberCount);
if (CountHits(PCArray, userArray) == numberCount)
won = true;
}
if (won)
Console.WriteLine("You win, {0}!", name);
else
Console.WriteLine("Oh no, {0}! You couldn't guess the right number.", name);
Console.Write("The correct number is: ");
for (int j = 0; j < numberCount; j++)
Console.Write(PCArray[j] + " ");
Console.WriteLine();
}
private static string GetPlayerName()
{
Console.Write("Please enter your name: ");
string name = Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine("Welcome, {0}. Have fun!!\n", name);
return name;
}
public static int GetRandomNumberCount()
{
int number;
Console.Write("How many numbers would you like to use in playing the game (4-10)? ");
while (!int.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out number) || number < 4 || number > 10)
Console.WriteLine("You must pick a number between 4 and 10. Choose again.");
return number;
}
public static int GetGameDifficulty()
{
int difficulty = 0;
Console.Write("Choose a difficulty level (1=hard, 2=medium, 3=easy): ");
while (!int.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out difficulty) || difficulty < 1 || difficulty > 3)
Console.WriteLine("Incorrect entry: Please re-enter.");
return difficulty;
}
public static int[] GenerateRandomNumbers(int PCSize)
{
int eachNumber;
int[] randomNumber = new int[PCSize];
Random rnd = new Random();
Console.Write("PC number: ");
for (int i = 0; i < PCSize; i++)
{
eachNumber = rnd.Next(1, 5);
randomNumber[i] = eachNumber;
Console.Write(eachNumber);
}
Console.WriteLine();
return randomNumber;
}
public static int[] GetUserGuess(int userSize)
{
int number = 0;
int[] userGuess = new int[userSize];
for (int i = 0; i < userSize; i++)
{
Console.Write("Digit {0}: ", (i + 1));
while (!int.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out number) || number < 1 || number > 4)
Console.WriteLine("Invalid number!");
userGuess[i] = number;
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write("Your guess: ");
for (int i = 0; i < userSize; i++)
{
Console.Write(userGuess[i] + " ");
}
Console.WriteLine();
return userGuess;
}
public static int CountHits(int[] PCArray, int[] userArray)
{
int hits = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < PCArray.Length; i++)
{
if (PCArray[i] == userArray[i])
hits++;
}
Console.WriteLine("Results: {0} Hit(s), {1} Miss(es)", hits, PCArray.Length - hits);
return hits;
}
}
It does a few more validations and it even actually lets you play again! ;)