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I am trying to develop a program using OpenTK. The purpose of this program is to load a STL (stereolithography) file in ASCII format, then render it in OpenTK, and keep track of the selected object using name stack. In this program, I use the mouse right click to get the selected object.
The brief explanation of STL file is here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_(file_format)
In my code, I am using 2 STL files. The first STL file is a simple geometry (file size 8 kb). The second STL file is a complex geometry (file size 1167 kb). When I used the first STL file and run my code, it just worked fine when I use my mouse right click function.
However, when I used second STL file and run my code (follow by mouse right click), I got this Fatal Execution Engine Error Exception. I am not sure why I get this error. Is it because of the file size is too big? But I can render this second file into OpenTK. Is it because I have to set a large enough buff size here to avoid this exception?
Do you have any idea why this is happening? Is there any method to avoid this error/exception?
The link for these two STL files are here:
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1v9bUzqVx1a1_KbnSXCQ5LREoQaAFUn2D?usp=sharing
Here are my code:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using OpenTK;
using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
using OpenTK.Input;
namespace OpenTK3D
{
public class Game3D
{
private GameWindow window;
private float zoom;
private bool hasRotationStarted;
private int startX;
private int startY;
private float xRotAngle;
private float yRotAngle;
private bool hasPanningStarted;
private float xTrans;
private float yTrans;
private int BUFSIZE = 512;
private string filePath = #"C:\Users\mpelmt\Desktop\ISF forming direction optimization\verify_65_40_yForming_noFlange.STL";
private double angleLimit = 60;
public Game3D(GameWindow wd)
{
this.window = wd;
var zBoundary = zBoundaryValue(filePath);
hasRotationStarted = false;
startX = 0;
startY = 0;
xRotAngle = 28;
yRotAngle = -45;
zoom = -(float)zBoundary;
hasPanningStarted = false;
xTrans = 0;
yTrans = 0;
start();
}
public void start()
{
window.Load += loaded;
window.Resize += resize;
window.RenderFrame += renderFrame;
window.MouseDown += mouseLeftPress;
window.MouseUp += mouseRelease;
window.MouseMove += mouseDragEvent;
window.MouseWheel += MouseWheelHandler;
window.MouseDown += wheelPressEvent;
window.MouseUp += wheelReleaseEvent;
window.MouseMove += wheelDragEvent;
window.MouseDown += select;
window.Run(1.0 / 60.0);
}
private List<double> getAllSTLData(string path)
{
string[] text = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines(path);
List<double> allData = new List<double>();
foreach (var line in text)
{
if (line.Contains("facet normal"))
{
var normal = Array.ConvertAll(line.Remove(0, 16).Split(' '), double.Parse);
allData.AddRange(normal);
}
if (line.Contains("vertex"))
{
var position = Array.ConvertAll(line.Remove(0, 16).Split(' '), double.Parse);
allData.AddRange(position);
}
}
return allData;
}
private Dictionary<int, List<double>> getAllFacets(string path)
{
var allSTLData = getAllSTLData(path);
var allFacet = new Dictionary<int, List<double>>();
for (int i = 0; i < (allSTLData.Count) / 12; i++)
{
allFacet.Add(i + 1, allSTLData.GetRange(12 * i, 12));
}
return allFacet;
}
private double yBoundaryValue(string path)
{
var allFacets = getAllFacets(path);
var listOfY = new List<double>();
foreach (KeyValuePair<int, List<double>> kp in allFacets)
{
var vertex = kp.Value.GetRange(3, 9);
listOfY.Add(vertex[1]);
listOfY.Add(vertex[4]);
listOfY.Add(vertex[7]);
}
return listOfY.Max() - listOfY.Min();
}
private double xBoundaryValue(string path)
{
var allFacets = getAllFacets(path);
var listOfX = new List<double>();
foreach (KeyValuePair<int, List<double>> kp in allFacets)
{
var vertex = kp.Value.GetRange(3, 9);
listOfX.Add(vertex[0]);
listOfX.Add(vertex[3]);
listOfX.Add(vertex[6]);
}
return listOfX.Max() - listOfX.Min();
}
private double zBoundaryValue(string path)
{
var allFacets = getAllFacets(path);
var listOfZ = new List<double>();
foreach (KeyValuePair<int, List<double>> kp in allFacets)
{
var vertex = kp.Value.GetRange(3, 9);
listOfZ.Add(vertex[2]);
listOfZ.Add(vertex[5]);
listOfZ.Add(vertex[8]);
}
return listOfZ.Max() - listOfZ.Min();
}
private List<double> getAngleRangeWithinLimit(double angleLimit)
{
var result = new List<double>();
var section = (int)angleLimit / 5;
var remain = angleLimit % 5;
for (int i = 0; i < section; i++)
{
result.Add(5 * i);
result.Add(5 * i + 5);
}
if (remain != 0)
{
result.Add(result.Last());
result.Add(result.Last() + remain);
}
return result;
}
public Dictionary<int, List<double>> pickSelectFacetsByAngleInYForm(string path, double angleLimit)
{
var result = new Dictionary<int, List<double>>();
var allFacets = getAllFacets(path);
var angleRange = getAngleRangeWithinLimit(angleLimit);
foreach (KeyValuePair<int, List<double>> kp in allFacets)
{
var data = kp.Value;
var id = kp.Key;
var tempList = new List<double>();
var angle = Math.Acos(Math.Abs(data[1])) * 180 / (Math.PI);
for (int i = 0; i < angleRange.Count / 2; i++)
{
if (angle >= angleLimit)
{
tempList.AddRange(data);
tempList.Add(angleLimit + 1);
break;
}
else if (angle >= angleRange[2 * i] && angle <= angleRange[2 * i + 1])
{
tempList.AddRange(data);
tempList.Add(angleRange[2 * i + 1]);
break;
}
}
result.Add(id, tempList);
}
return result;
}
public void renderColorPlotYForm(string path, double angleLimit)
{
var plotData = pickSelectFacetsByAngleInYForm(path, angleLimit);
foreach (KeyValuePair<int, List<double>> kv in plotData)
{
var id = kv.Key;
var data = kv.Value;
GL.Begin(BeginMode.Triangles);
var colorRange = data.Last();
if (colorRange == 5)
{
// green
GL.Color3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
}
if (colorRange == angleLimit + 1)
{
//red
GL.Color3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
}
if (colorRange == 30)
{
// yellow
GL.Color3(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
}
if (colorRange < 30 && colorRange > 5)
{
var diff = 30 - colorRange;
var ratio = diff / 25;
GL.Color3(1 - ratio, 1, 0);
}
if (colorRange > 30 && colorRange < angleLimit + 1)
{
var ratio = (angleLimit - colorRange) / angleLimit;
GL.Color3(1, 1 - ratio, 0);
}
var listOfVertex = data.GetRange(3, 9);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
var vertex = listOfVertex.GetRange(3 * i, 3);
GL.Vertex3(vertex[0], vertex[1], vertex[2]);
}
GL.End();
}
}
public void pickSelectColorPlotYForm(string path, double angleLimit)
{
var plotData = pickSelectFacetsByAngleInYForm(path, angleLimit);
foreach (KeyValuePair<int, List<double>> kv in plotData)
{
var id = kv.Key;
var data = kv.Value;
GL.LoadName(id);
GL.Begin(BeginMode.Triangles);
var colorRange = data.Last();
if (colorRange == 5)
{
// green
GL.Color3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
}
if (colorRange == angleLimit + 1)
{
//red
GL.Color3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
}
if (colorRange == 30)
{
// yellow
GL.Color3(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
}
if (colorRange < 30 && colorRange > 5)
{
var diff = 30 - colorRange;
var ratio = diff / 25;
GL.Color3(1 - ratio, 1, 0);
}
if (colorRange > 30 && colorRange < angleLimit + 1)
{
var ratio = (angleLimit - colorRange) / angleLimit;
GL.Color3(1, 1 - ratio, 0);
}
var listOfVertex = data.GetRange(3, 9);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
var vertex = listOfVertex.GetRange(3 * i, 3);
GL.Vertex3(vertex[0], vertex[1], vertex[2]);
}
GL.End();
}
}
public void loaded(object o, EventArgs e)
{
GL.ClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
GL.Enable(EnableCap.DepthTest);
}
public void renderFrame(object o, EventArgs e)
{
var xBoundary = xBoundaryValue(filePath);
var yBoundary = yBoundaryValue(filePath);
var zBoundary = zBoundaryValue(filePath);
var xCen = xBoundary / 2;
var yCen = yBoundary / 2;
var zCen = zBoundary / 2;
GL.LoadIdentity();
GL.Clear(ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit | ClearBufferMask.DepthBufferBit);
GL.Translate(xTrans, yTrans, zoom*3);
GL.Rotate(xRotAngle, 1.0, 0, 0);
GL.Rotate(yRotAngle, 0, 1, 0);
renderColorPlotYForm(filePath, angleLimit);
window.SwapBuffers();
}
public void resize(object o, EventArgs e)
{
var zBoundary = zBoundaryValue(filePath);
GL.Viewport(0, 0, window.Width, window.Height);
GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Projection);
GL.LoadIdentity();
// the fov must be radian
var matrix = Matrix4.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(45.0f*(MathHelper.Pi)/180, window.Width / window.Height, 1.0f, (float)zBoundary * (float)zBoundary);
GL.LoadMatrix(ref matrix);
GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Modelview);
}
private void processHits(int hits, int[] buffer)
{
Console.WriteLine("hit: {0}", hits);
if (hits > 0)
{
int choose = buffer[3];
int depth = buffer[1];
for (int i = 0; i < hits; i++)
{
if (buffer[i * 4 + 1] < depth)
{
choose = buffer[i * 4 + 3];
depth = buffer[i * 4 + 1];
}
}
Console.WriteLine("choosen: {0}", choose);
}
}
private void GluPickMatrix(double x, double y, double deltax, double deltay, int[] viewport)
{
if (deltax <= 0 || deltay <= 0)
{
return;
}
GL.Translate((viewport[2] - 2 * (x - viewport[0])) / deltax, (viewport[3] - 2 * (y - viewport[1])) / deltay, 0);
GL.Scale(viewport[2] / deltax, viewport[3] / deltay, 1.0);
}
public void select(object o, MouseEventArgs e)
{
var zBoundary = zBoundaryValue(filePath);
var mouse = Mouse.GetState();
if (mouse[MouseButton.Right])
{
var buffer = new int[BUFSIZE];
var viewPort = new int[4];
int hits;
GL.GetInteger(GetPName.Viewport, viewPort);
GL.SelectBuffer(BUFSIZE, buffer);
GL.RenderMode(RenderingMode.Select);
GL.InitNames();
GL.PushName(0);
GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Projection);
GL.PushMatrix();
GL.LoadIdentity();
GluPickMatrix(e.Mouse.X, viewPort[3] - e.Mouse.Y, 5.0, 5.0, viewPort);
var matrix = Matrix4.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(45.0f * (MathHelper.Pi) / 180, window.Width / window.Height, 1.0f, (float)zBoundary * (float)zBoundary);
GL.MultMatrix(ref matrix);
GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Modelview);
pickSelectColorPlotYForm(filePath, angleLimit);
GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Projection);
GL.PopMatrix();
GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Modelview);
GL.Flush();
hits = GL.RenderMode(RenderingMode.Render);
processHits(hits, buffer);
}
}
public void mouseLeftPress(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Mouse.LeftButton == ButtonState.Pressed)
{
hasRotationStarted = true;
startX = e.Mouse.X;
startY = e.Mouse.Y;
}
}
public void mouseRelease(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Mouse.LeftButton == ButtonState.Released)
{
hasRotationStarted = false;
}
}
public void mouseDragEvent(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (hasRotationStarted == true && e.Mouse.X != e.Mouse.Y)
{
xRotAngle = xRotAngle + (e.Mouse.Y - startY);
yRotAngle = yRotAngle + (e.Mouse.X - startX);
startX = e.Mouse.X;
startY = e.Mouse.Y;
}
}
public void MouseWheelHandler(object sender, MouseWheelEventArgs e)
{
var xBoundary = xBoundaryValue(filePath);
if (e.Delta > 0)
{
zoom += 0.1f * (float)xBoundary;
}
if (e.Delta < 0)
{
zoom -= 0.1f * (float)xBoundary;
}
}
public void wheelPressEvent(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Mouse.MiddleButton == ButtonState.Pressed)
{
hasPanningStarted = true;
startX = e.Mouse.X;
startY = e.Mouse.Y;
}
}
public void wheelReleaseEvent(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Mouse.MiddleButton == ButtonState.Released)
{
hasPanningStarted = false;
}
}
public void wheelDragEvent(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (hasPanningStarted == true)
{
xTrans = xTrans + 2 * (e.Mouse.X - startX);
yTrans = yTrans - 2 * (e.Mouse.Y - startY);
startX = e.Mouse.X;
startY = e.Mouse.Y;
}
}
}
}
Here is the main function:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using OpenTK;
namespace OpenTK3D
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var window = new GameWindow(500, 500);
var gm = new Game3D(window);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Press enter to finish...");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
This is the result when I run my code using the first STL file (it works fine):
When I run my code using the second STL file, I got this Fatal Execution Engine Error:
I need to zoom in/out an image in a Xamarin.Form App.
My problem is that when I made the pinch gesture to zooming out the image it starts to lag and flashing all over the display. Instead the zoom in works perfectly.
I had already follow the official guide (https://learn.microsoft.com/it-it/xamarin/xamarin-forms/app-fundamentals/gestures/pinch) and any sort of forum/comunity but I wasn't able to reach a working answer.
Could anyone help me?
I copy/paste here the section of the code. I localize the bug where I try to set the currentScale variable.
NOTE: I have other methods into the class but they don't manage images or related properties so I don't copy/paste them.
public partial class ResizeFoto : ContentPage
{
double currentScale = 1;
double startScale = 1;
double minScale = 0;
double maxScale = 2.5;
private void PinchGestureRecognizer_PinchUpdated(object sender,PinchGestureUpdatedEventArgs e){
switch (e.Status)
{
case GestureStatus.Started:
startScale = imgUserFoto.Scale;
break;
case GestureStatus.Running:
// LAS test 4
//Input gesture:
//Definition: "The distance between the user's digits, divided by the
//last reported distance between the user's digits in the pinch gesture"
// --> ZOOM IN = e.Scale > 1
// --> ZOOM OUT = e.Scale < 1
//ZOOM IN --> works good
if (e.Scale > 1)
{
currentScale += (e.Scale - 1) * startScale;
currentScale = Math.Min(currentScale, maxScale);
imgUserFoto.Scale = currentScale;
}
//ZOOM OUT --> not working, bug
else if (e.Scale < 1)
{
//HERE MAYBE THE BUG
currentScale = minScale + (e.Scale - 1) * startScale;
//also tried: currentScale = (e.Scale - 1) * startScale;
currentScale = Math.Max(minScale, currentScale);
imgUserFoto.Scale = currentScale;
}
}
break;
case GestureStatus.Completed:
break;
}
}
}
Recently I had to do something similar and I almost searched the whole earth and found nothing then I came up with this:
using System;
using Xamarin.Forms;
using FFImageLoading.Forms;
public class ZoomImage : CachedImage
{
private const double MIN_SCALE = 1;
private const double MAX_SCALE = 4;
private const double OVERSHOOT = 0.15;
private double StartScale, LastScale;
private double StartX, StartY;
public ZoomImage()
{
var pinch = new PinchGestureRecognizer();
pinch.PinchUpdated += OnPinchUpdated;
GestureRecognizers.Add(pinch);
var pan = new PanGestureRecognizer();
pan.PanUpdated += OnPanUpdated;
GestureRecognizers.Add(pan);
var tap = new TapGestureRecognizer { NumberOfTapsRequired = 2 };
tap.Tapped += OnTapped;
GestureRecognizers.Add(tap);
Scale = MIN_SCALE;
TranslationX = TranslationY = 0;
AnchorX = AnchorY = 0;
}
protected override SizeRequest OnMeasure(double widthConstraint, double heightConstraint)
{
Scale = MIN_SCALE;
TranslationX = TranslationY = 0;
AnchorX = AnchorY = 0;
return base.OnMeasure(widthConstraint, heightConstraint);
}
private void OnTapped(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (Scale > MIN_SCALE)
{
this.ScaleTo(MIN_SCALE, 250, Easing.CubicInOut);
this.TranslateTo(0, 0, 250, Easing.CubicInOut);
}
else
{
AnchorX = AnchorY = 0.5; //TODO tapped position
this.ScaleTo(MAX_SCALE, 250, Easing.CubicInOut);
}
}
private void OnPanUpdated(object sender, PanUpdatedEventArgs e)
{
switch (e.StatusType)
{
case GestureStatus.Started:
StartX = (1 - AnchorX) * Width;
StartY = (1 - AnchorY) * Height;
break;
case GestureStatus.Running:
AnchorX = Clamp(1 - (StartX + e.TotalX) / Width, 0, 1);
AnchorY = Clamp(1 - (StartY + e.TotalY) / Height, 0, 1);
break;
}
}
private void OnPinchUpdated(object sender, PinchGestureUpdatedEventArgs e)
{
switch (e.Status)
{
case GestureStatus.Started:
LastScale = e.Scale;
StartScale = Scale;
AnchorX = e.ScaleOrigin.X;
AnchorY = e.ScaleOrigin.Y;
break;
case GestureStatus.Running:
if (e.Scale < 0 || Math.Abs(LastScale - e.Scale) > (LastScale * 1.3) - LastScale)
{ return; }
LastScale = e.Scale;
var current = Scale + (e.Scale - 1) * StartScale;
Scale = Clamp(current, MIN_SCALE * (1 - OVERSHOOT), MAX_SCALE * (1 + OVERSHOOT));
break;
case GestureStatus.Completed:
if (Scale > MAX_SCALE)
this.ScaleTo(MAX_SCALE, 250, Easing.SpringOut);
else if (Scale < MIN_SCALE)
this.ScaleTo(MIN_SCALE, 250, Easing.SpringOut);
break;
}
}
private T Clamp<T>(T value, T minimum, T maximum) where T: IComparable
{
if (value.CompareTo(minimum) < 0)
return minimum;
else if (value.CompareTo(maximum) > 0)
return maximum;
else
return value;
}
}
What this does:
Pinch zoom, Pan and Swipe movements together with double tap centre zoom and un-zoom
Note: I have used FFimageLoading's CachedImage because I needed to cache the data in case you do not intend this replace CachedImage with Xamarin.Forms.Image
I am new to C# and graphing world. I am trying to plot serial data coming from Arduino as double datatype on ZedGraph in C#. I am unable to plot it. The graph is appearing with only the scale Y axis scale setting itself to the output value but nothing else. I shall be grateful for your help!! Thanks. Below is my code
PS: I put a message box to see the output and it is showing the correct output from the Arduino.
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using ZedGraph;
using System.IO.Ports;
namespace WindowsFormsApplication6
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
static string indata;
double x;
double d;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
PlotSerial();
// DrawGraph();
}
private void PlotSerial()
{
SerialPort sprt;
sprt = new SerialPort("COM4");
sprt.BaudRate = 115200;
try
{
sprt.Open();
}
catch (Exception)
{
MessageBox.Show("Check port");
}
// initializing zed graph
GraphPane pane = zedGraph.GraphPane;
PointPairList list2 = new PointPairList();
pane.YAxisList.Clear();
//X-Axis Settings
pane.XAxis.Scale.MinorStep = 1;
pane.XAxis.Scale.MajorStep = 5;
XDate time = new XDate(DateTime.Now.ToOADate());
pane.XAxis.Type = AxisType.Date;
pane.XAxis.Scale.Format = "ss";
pane.XAxis.Scale.Min = new XDate(DateTime.Now);
pane.XAxis.Scale.Max = new XDate(DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(25));
pane.XAxis.Scale.MinorUnit = DateUnit.Second;
pane.XAxis.Scale.MajorUnit = DateUnit.Second;
indata = sprt.ReadLine();
MessageBox.Show(indata);
bool result = Double.TryParse(indata, out d);
// double xmin = -50;
//double xmax = 50;
//for x = 0 To 36
//for (double x = xmin; x <= xmax; x += 1)
//for (int i = 1; i < 20; i++)
{
list2.Add(x, d);
}
Scale xScale1 = zedGraph.MasterPane.PaneList[0].XAxis.Scale;
if (time.XLDate > xScale1.Max)
{
xScale1.Max = (XDate)(DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(1));
xScale1.Min = (XDate)(DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(-40));
}
/*
// byte[] buffer = new byte[20];
indata = (byte)sprt.ReadByte();
//MessageBox.Show(indata);
//double xmin = -2;
//double xmax = 2;
// for (= xmin; x <= xmax; x +=1)
list2.Add(x, indata);
*/
pane.XAxis.Title.Text = "X Axis";
int axis2 = pane.AddYAxis("Y Axis");
LineItem myCurve2 = pane.AddCurve("Serialport_Curve", list2, Color.Blue, SymbolType.Diamond);
myCurve2.YAxisIndex = axis2;
pane.YAxisList[axis2].Title.FontSpec.FontColor = Color.Black;
zedGraph.AxisChange();
zedGraph.Invalidate();
}
private double f1(double x)
{
if (x == 0)
{
return 1;
}
return Math.Sin(x) / x;
}
private double f2(double x)
{
if (x == 0)
{
return 1;
}
return 10 * Math.Sin(x * 0.5) / x;
}
private double f3(double x)
{
if (x == 0)
{
return 1;
}
return 0.1 * Math.Sin(x * 2) / x;
}
}
}
I'm converting a fractal renderer from Java to C# for an assignment and I think I have everything set up but the fractal itself won't render.
This is a photo of when I run the program:
And here is how my files are laid out in the folder that contains the project itself:
This is the code that I am using for the actually rendering itself which I think has no errors but if I've missed something extremely obvious then I'm sorry for wasting all of your time:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsFormsApplication1
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
init();
start();
this.DoubleBuffered = true;
}
//code to convert HSB to RGB from HSB.cs. All your code so i made it take up less space.
public struct HSBColor
{
float h;
float s;
float b;
int a;
public HSBColor(float h, float s, float b) { this.a = 0xff; this.h = Math.Min(Math.Max(h, 0), 255); this.s = Math.Min(Math.Max(s, 0), 255); this.b = Math.Min(Math.Max(b, 0), 255); }
public HSBColor(int a, float h, float s, float b) { this.a = a; this.h = Math.Min(Math.Max(h, 0), 255); this.s = Math.Min(Math.Max(s, 0), 255); this.b = Math.Min(Math.Max(b, 0), 255); }
public float H { get { return h; } }
public float S { get { return s; } }
public float B { get { return b; } }
public int A { get { return a; } }
public Color Color { get { return FromHSB(this); } }
public static Color FromHSB(HSBColor hsbColor)
{
float r = hsbColor.b;
float g = hsbColor.b;
float b = hsbColor.b;
if (hsbColor.s != 0)
{
float max = hsbColor.b; float dif = hsbColor.b * hsbColor.s / 255f; float min = hsbColor.b - dif; float h = hsbColor.h * 360f / 255f;
if (h < 60f) { r = max; g = h * dif / 60f + min; b = min; }
else if (h < 120f) { r = -(h - 120f) * dif / 60f + min; g = max; b = min; }
else if (h < 180f) { r = min; g = max; b = (h - 120f) * dif / 60f + min; }
else if (h < 240f) { r = min; g = -(h - 240f) * dif / 60f + min; b = max; }
else if (h < 300f) { r = (h - 240f) * dif / 60f + min; g = min; b = max; }
else if (h <= 360f) { r = max; g = min; b = -(h - 360f) * dif / 60 + min; }
else { r = 0; g = 0; b = 0; }
}
return Color.FromArgb(hsbColor.a, (int)Math.Round(Math.Min(Math.Max(r, 0), 255)), (int)Math.Round(Math.Min(Math.Max(g, 0), 255)), (int)Math.Round(Math.Min(Math.Max(b, 0), 255)));
}
}
private const int MAX = 256; // max iterations
private const double SX = -2.025; // start value real
private const double SY = -1.125; // start value imaginary
private const double EX = 0.6; // end value real
private const double EY = 1.125; // end value imaginary
private static int x1, y1, xs, ys, xe, ye;
private static double xstart, ystart, xende, yende, xzoom, yzoom;
private static float xy;
private int c = 0;
//private Image picture; Taken out, not needed
// create rectangle variable JGB
Rectangle rec;
private Graphics g1;
//private Cursor c1, c2; Taken out, not needed
private System.Drawing.Bitmap bitmap;
public void init()
{
//setSize(640, 480); changed this code to JGB:
this.Size = new Size(640, 480);
// Taken all lines out below. Not needed.
/*finished = false;
addMouseListener(this);
addMouseMotionListener(this);
c1 = new Cursor(Cursor.WAIT_CURSOR);
c2 = new Cursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR); */
x1 = 640;
y1 = 480;
xy = (float)x1 / (float)y1;
//picture = createImage(x1, y1); Taken out and replaced with JGB:
bitmap = new Bitmap(x1, y1);
//g1 = picture.getGraphics(); changed to get my bitmap
g1 = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap);
//finished = true; Finished variable deleted so not needed
}
//Code below didnt appear to do anything so i deleted it
/*public void destroy() // delete all instances
{
if (finished)
{
removeMouseListener(this);
removeMouseMotionListener(this);
picture = null;
g1 = null;
c1 = null;
c2 = null;
System.gc(); // garbage collection
}
} */
public void start()
{
//action = false;
//rectangle = false;
initvalues();
// added dialog box for instance loading and save varaibles needed for position and zoom to text file
DialogResult dialog = MessageBox.Show("Would You Like to Load Your Last Instance?", "Load Instance?", MessageBoxButtons.YesNoCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Question);
if (dialog == DialogResult.Yes)
{
string[] lines = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines(#"C:\Users\Public\Writelines.txt");
xzoom = System.Convert.ToDouble(lines[0]);
yzoom = System.Convert.ToDouble(lines[1]);
xstart = System.Convert.ToDouble(lines[2]);
ystart = System.Convert.ToDouble(lines[3]);
}
else
{
xzoom = (xende - xstart) / (double)x1;
yzoom = (yende - ystart) / (double)y1;
}
mandelbrot();
}
public void stop()
{
}
/*public void paint(Graphics g, PaintEventArgs e)
{
update(g);
}
public void update(Graphics g)
{
//g.DrawImage(picture, 0, 0);
}*/
private void mandelbrot()
{
int x, y;
float h, b, alt = 0.0f;
Color color;
Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Black);
for (x = 0; x < x1; x += 2)
for (y = 0; y < y1; y++)
{
h = pointcolour(xstart + xzoom * (double)x, ystart + yzoom * (double)y, c);
if (h != alt)
{
b = 1.0f - h * h;
color = HSBColor.FromHSB(new HSBColor(h * 255, 0.8f * 255, b * 255));
pen = new Pen(color);
alt = h;
}
g1.DrawLine(pen, x, y, x + 1, y);
}
}
private float pointcolour(double xwert, double ywert, int j)
{
double r = 0.0, i = 0.0, m = 0.0;
// int j = 0;
while ((j < MAX) && (m < 4.0))
{
j++;
m = r * r - i * i;
i = 2.0 * r * i + ywert;
r = m + xwert;
}
return (float)j / (float)MAX;
}
private void initvalues()
{
xstart = SX;
ystart = SY;
xende = EX;
yende = EY;
if ((float)((xende - xstart) / (yende - ystart)) != xy)
xstart = xende - (yende - ystart) * (double)xy;
}
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g1 = e.Graphics;
g1.DrawImage(bitmap, 0, 0, x1, y1);
using (Pen pen = new Pen(Color.White, 2))
{
e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(pen, rec);
}
Invalidate();
}
//added load method
private void Form1_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
{
xe = e.X;
ye = e.Y;
if (xs < xe)
{
if (ys < ye) rec = new Rectangle(xs, ys, (xe - xs), (ye - ys));
else rec = new Rectangle(xs, ye, (xe - xs), (ys - ye));
}
else
{
if (ys < ye) rec = new Rectangle(xe, ys, (xs - xe), (ye - ys));
else rec = new Rectangle(xe, ye, (xs - xe), (ys - ye));
}
this.Invalidate();
}
}
private void Form1_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
{
// e.consume();
xs = e.X;
ys = e.Y; // starting point y
this.Invalidate();
}
}
private void Form1_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
rec = new Rectangle(0, 0, 0, 0);
if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
{
int z, w;
//e.consume();
//xe = e.X;
//ye = e.Y;
if (xs > xe)
{
z = xs;
xs = xe;
xe = z;
}
if (ys > ye)
{
z = ys;
ys = ye;
ye = z;
}
w = (xe - xs);
z = (ye - ys);
if ((w < 2) && (z < 2)) initvalues();
else
{
if (((float)w > (float)z * xy)) ye = (int)((float)ys + (float)w / xy);
else xe = (int)((float)xs + (float)z * xy);
xende = xstart + xzoom * (double)xe;
yende = ystart + yzoom * (double)ye;
xstart += xzoom * (double)xs;
ystart += yzoom * (double)ys;
}
xzoom = (xende - xstart) / (double)x1;
yzoom = (yende - ystart) / (double)y1;
mandelbrot();
string stringxzoom = xzoom.ToString();
string stringyzoom = yzoom.ToString();
string stringystart = ystart.ToString();
string stringxstart = xstart.ToString();
string[] lines = { stringxzoom, stringyzoom, stringxstart, stringystart };
System.IO.File.WriteAllLines(#"C:\Users\Public\Writelines.txt", lines);
this.Invalidate();
//Repaint();
}
}
private void restartToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Application.Restart();
}
private void exitToolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Application.Exit();
}
private void menuToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void menuStrip1_ItemClicked(object sender, ToolStripItemClickedEventArgs e)
{
}
}
}
Change your Form1() code into these
InitializeComponent();
init();
start();
this.DoubleBuffered = true;
this.pictureBox1.Image = bitmap;
You took out the InitializeComponent call (which should be automatically generated) and you never set the resulting bitmap as the image of the pictureBox. Also, you might wanna set the picturebox Size mode to Zoom and enlarge it.
For an assignment I've had to convert a fractal rendering program from Java to C# and I think I've done it but when i try to run it I get the error that is present in the title and I have no idea why it is happening. This is the code for the renderer itself which presents me with no errors:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace Form1
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
init();
start();
this.DoubleBuffered = true;
}
//code to convert HSB to RGB from HSB.cs. All your code so i made it take up less space.
public struct HSBColor
{
float h;
float s;
float b;
int a;
public HSBColor(float h, float s, float b) { this.a = 0xff; this.h = Math.Min(Math.Max(h, 0), 255); this.s = Math.Min(Math.Max(s, 0), 255); this.b = Math.Min(Math.Max(b, 0), 255); }
public HSBColor(int a, float h, float s, float b) { this.a = a; this.h = Math.Min(Math.Max(h, 0), 255); this.s = Math.Min(Math.Max(s, 0), 255); this.b = Math.Min(Math.Max(b, 0), 255); }
public float H { get { return h; } }
public float S { get { return s; } }
public float B { get { return b; } }
public int A { get { return a; } }
public Color Color { get { return FromHSB(this); } }
public static Color FromHSB(HSBColor hsbColor)
{
float r = hsbColor.b;
float g = hsbColor.b;
float b = hsbColor.b;
if (hsbColor.s != 0)
{
float max = hsbColor.b; float dif = hsbColor.b * hsbColor.s / 255f; float min = hsbColor.b - dif; float h = hsbColor.h * 360f / 255f;
if (h < 60f) { r = max; g = h * dif / 60f + min; b = min; }
else if (h < 120f) { r = -(h - 120f) * dif / 60f + min; g = max; b = min; }
else if (h < 180f) { r = min; g = max; b = (h - 120f) * dif / 60f + min; }
else if (h < 240f) { r = min; g = -(h - 240f) * dif / 60f + min; b = max; }
else if (h < 300f) { r = (h - 240f) * dif / 60f + min; g = min; b = max; }
else if (h <= 360f) { r = max; g = min; b = -(h - 360f) * dif / 60 + min; }
else { r = 0; g = 0; b = 0; }
}
return Color.FromArgb(hsbColor.a, (int)Math.Round(Math.Min(Math.Max(r, 0), 255)), (int)Math.Round(Math.Min(Math.Max(g, 0), 255)), (int)Math.Round(Math.Min(Math.Max(b, 0), 255)));
}
}
private const int MAX = 256; // max iterations
private const double SX = -2.025; // start value real
private const double SY = -1.125; // start value imaginary
private const double EX = 0.6; // end value real
private const double EY = 1.125; // end value imaginary
private static int x1, y1, xs, ys, xe, ye;
private static double xstart, ystart, xende, yende, xzoom, yzoom;
private static float xy;
private int c = 0;
//private Image picture; Taken out, not needed
// create rectangle variable JGB
Rectangle rec;
private Graphics g1;
//private Cursor c1, c2; Taken out, not needed
private System.Drawing.Bitmap bitmap;
public void init()
{
//setSize(640, 480); changed this code to JGB:
this.Size = new Size(640, 480);
// Taken all lines out below. Not needed.
/*finished = false;
addMouseListener(this);
addMouseMotionListener(this);
c1 = new Cursor(Cursor.WAIT_CURSOR);
c2 = new Cursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR); */
x1 = 640;
y1 = 480;
xy = (float)x1 / (float)y1;
//picture = createImage(x1, y1); Taken out and replaced with JGB:
bitmap = new Bitmap(x1, y1);
//g1 = picture.getGraphics(); changed to get my bitmap
g1 = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap);
//finished = true; Finished variable deleted so not needed
}
//Code below didnt appear to do anything so i deleted it
/*public void destroy() // delete all instances
{
if (finished)
{
removeMouseListener(this);
removeMouseMotionListener(this);
picture = null;
g1 = null;
c1 = null;
c2 = null;
System.gc(); // garbage collection
}
} */
public void start()
{
//action = false;
//rectangle = false;
initvalues();
// added dialog box for instance loading and save varaibles needed for position and zoom to text file
DialogResult dialog = MessageBox.Show("Would You Like to Load Your Last Instance?", "Load Instance?", MessageBoxButtons.YesNoCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Question);
if (dialog == DialogResult.Yes)
{
string[] lines = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines(#"C:\Users\Public\Writelines.txt");
xzoom = System.Convert.ToDouble(lines[0]);
yzoom = System.Convert.ToDouble(lines[1]);
xstart = System.Convert.ToDouble(lines[2]);
ystart = System.Convert.ToDouble(lines[3]);
}
else
{
xzoom = (xende - xstart) / (double)x1;
yzoom = (yende - ystart) / (double)y1;
}
mandelbrot();
}
public void stop()
{
}
/*public void paint(Graphics g, PaintEventArgs e)
{
update(g);
}
public void update(Graphics g)
{
//g.DrawImage(picture, 0, 0);
}*/
private void mandelbrot()
{
int x, y;
float h, b, alt = 0.0f;
Color color;
Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Black);
for (x = 0; x < x1; x += 2)
for (y = 0; y < y1; y++)
{
h = pointcolour(xstart + xzoom * (double)x, ystart + yzoom * (double)y, c);
if (h != alt)
{
b = 1.0f - h * h;
color = HSBColor.FromHSB(new HSBColor(h * 255, 0.8f * 255, b * 255));
pen = new Pen(color);
alt = h;
}
g1.DrawLine(pen, x, y, x + 1, y);
}
}
private float pointcolour(double xwert, double ywert, int j)
{
double r = 0.0, i = 0.0, m = 0.0;
// int j = 0;
while ((j < MAX) && (m < 4.0))
{
j++;
m = r * r - i * i;
i = 2.0 * r * i + ywert;
r = m + xwert;
}
return (float)j / (float)MAX;
}
private void initvalues()
{
xstart = SX;
ystart = SY;
xende = EX;
yende = EY;
if ((float)((xende - xstart) / (yende - ystart)) != xy)
xstart = xende - (yende - ystart) * (double)xy;
}
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g1 = e.Graphics;
g1.DrawImage(bitmap, 0, 0, x1, y1);
using (Pen pen = new Pen(Color.White, 2))
{
e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(pen, rec);
}
Invalidate();
}
//added load method
private void Form1_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
{
xe = e.X;
ye = e.Y;
if (xs < xe)
{
if (ys < ye) rec = new Rectangle(xs, ys, (xe - xs), (ye - ys));
else rec = new Rectangle(xs, ye, (xe - xs), (ys - ye));
}
else
{
if (ys < ye) rec = new Rectangle(xe, ys, (xs - xe), (ye - ys));
else rec = new Rectangle(xe, ye, (xs - xe), (ys - ye));
}
this.Invalidate();
}
}
private void Form1_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
{
// e.consume();
xs = e.X;
ys = e.Y; // starting point y
this.Invalidate();
}
}
private void Form1_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
rec = new Rectangle(0, 0, 0, 0);
if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
{
int z, w;
//e.consume();
//xe = e.X;
//ye = e.Y;
if (xs > xe)
{
z = xs;
xs = xe;
xe = z;
}
if (ys > ye)
{
z = ys;
ys = ye;
ye = z;
}
w = (xe - xs);
z = (ye - ys);
if ((w < 2) && (z < 2)) initvalues();
else
{
if (((float)w > (float)z * xy)) ye = (int)((float)ys + (float)w / xy);
else xe = (int)((float)xs + (float)z * xy);
xende = xstart + xzoom * (double)xe;
yende = ystart + yzoom * (double)ye;
xstart += xzoom * (double)xs;
ystart += yzoom * (double)ys;
}
xzoom = (xende - xstart) / (double)x1;
yzoom = (yende - ystart) / (double)y1;
mandelbrot();
string stringxzoom = xzoom.ToString();
string stringyzoom = yzoom.ToString();
string stringystart = ystart.ToString();
string stringxstart = xstart.ToString();
string[] lines = { stringxzoom, stringyzoom, stringxstart, stringystart };
System.IO.File.WriteAllLines(#"C:\Users\Public\Writelines.txt", lines);
this.Invalidate();
//Repaint();
}
}
private void restartToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Application.Restart();
}
private void exitToolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Application.Exit();
}
private void menuToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void menuStrip1_ItemClicked(object sender, ToolStripItemClickedEventArgs e)
{
}
}
}
and this is the code that is used for the form designer which was auto generated and I'm not sure why an error is being presented because I've never had one before:
namespace WindowsFormsApplication1
{
partial class Form1
{
/// <summary>
/// Required designer variable.
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
/// <summary>
/// Clean up any resources being used.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing && (components != null))
{
components.Dispose();
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
#region Windows Form Designer generated code
/// <summary>
/// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
/// the contents of this method with the code editor.
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.components = new System.ComponentModel.Container();
this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
this.Text = "Form1";
}
#endregion
}
}
I believe it is caused because your namespaces are not the same. Since the partial code generated by the designer doesn't inherit from Form, you don't have a method to override. Once you make the two classes tie together properly by matching the namespaces, it should work.
To fix it, you can either change the namespace of the designer code to match your namespace of Form1:
namespace Form1
{
partial class Form1
{
//...
}
}
Or change your form to match the designer:
namespace WindowsFormsApplication1
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
//....
}
}
Edit the project properties and update the Default namespace to match the desired namespace for all forms