I love Clojure. It is by far my favorite language.
I've just found Xamarin, which allows you to have cross-platform apps, making full use of native libraries. The language used with it is C#.
Now I'm wondering if there is any way to program the majority of my Xamarin apps in Clojure (CLR), instead of C#.
So, Clojure CLR will let you use any libraries it can load. For example, I've loaded the Oracle.DataAccess libraries, and the NLog libraries into Clojure CLR, so it's theoretically possible to load the Xamarin libraries the same way:
;;; not sure which library you want to include, using this as a placeholder
(assembly-load-from "C:/Path/To/Xamarin.Core.dll")
That being said, Xamarin itself appears to also be an IDE, and a set of build tools on top of their own proprietary libraries and build tools, so it may not be possible to fully integrate the two. Also, I think Xamarin works purely with C#, so coding in Clojure is probably not possible...directly.
What you can do is create some libraries in Clojure CLR, and compile them down to DLLs, which you can then link to, so you can build the bulk of your logic in Clojure, and then create some simple C# wrappers that your Xamarin app consume.
I'd love to hear back on what you try, and whether or not you're successful doing this.
Best of luck!
Possibly yes in Android, but in the case of iOS I would say it's not likely, because the latter is a platform which has a lot of limitations around generated code, reflection, and the like. And Clojure being dynamically typed has high chances of being affected.
Honestly, the Clojure in the .NET world would fit more with F# (also functional, immutable by default, etc), which is a language that has just been adopted as official by Xamarin (meaning you can use it in Android and iOS, and Mac).
It's also statically typed (as opposed to Clojure) so this may mean that it's also faster. Give it a try!
Related
I have a C++ game engine that currently supports Windows, Linux and Android (NDK). It's built on top of SDL and uses OpenGL for rendering.
One of the design constraints of this game engine is that the cost of development must be $0.00 -- building the engine should come at no cost to me (other than man hours), I must be allowed to freely redistribute the engine's code and binaries, and users should be able to sell games created using the engine with no restrictions.
Right now, I'm using a very slow interpreted scripting language for game logic -- it actually works well for writing glue code and simple responses to UI events, but not much else.
I'd like to replace this system with a C# solution -- have the user compile a C# class library (DLL) containing their game logic, and have the C++ side 'consume' this DLL and call the appropriate hooks.
It's been rather difficult to find information on how to achieve this in a cross-platform way. Each platform has a different way of hosting the needed runtimes. Also, most articles I've found suggest the use of full-fledged frameworks that provide platform abstractions that are already implemented in my engine.
Is there currently a way to run code from a C# DLL from an Android NDK-based C++ application without using an entirely different SDK, and without having to shell out hundreds of dollars for a license?
In particular, I'm eyeing some of Microsoft's recent open source .net initiatives -- anything there I could use?
EDIT: To clarify, Windows and Linux have well-documented ways of running .net code 'for free' -- this question pertains specifically to calling managed code from an Android NDK application WITHOUT paying licensing fees to Xamarin or another vendor.
It's been rather difficult to find information on how to achieve this in a cross-platform way...
I'm only going to address the issue of "write once, run everywhere."
I build and maintain a library, composed of a single set of sources, that runs on Windows, Linux, OS X, Windows Phone, Android and iOS. To do that, I had to write everything in portable C/C++, and then build DLLs or shared objects.
The project uses .Net interop to call into the DLL, and Android uses JNI to call into the shared object. On iOS a static library is created rather than a shared object.
The DLL or shared object does have some platform specific defines. For example, it must know how to get random numbers from the underlying OS. So it will have a function like:
bool GetRandomNumbers(unsigned char* ptr, size_t size)
{
#if defined(WIN32) || defined(WIN64)
...
#elif defined(__linux___) || defined(linux)
...
#elif defined(__ANDROID___)
...
#endif
}
So keep your core business logic portable and in a DLL or shared object, #define where you must to abstract platform differences, and you will be OK.
On top of the portable library, you layer the platform specific GUI stuff.
If you try to write this in C# and then use that on other platforms, you're just going to be causing yourself problems. The only way to do portability with a single set of sources is to use portable C/C++.
I've also seen folks re-implement in every language: C and Win32 for Windows, .Net for Windows, C for Linux, Cocoa for OS X, .Net for Windows Phone, Java for Android and CocoaTouch for iOS. That creates about 6x the work, and the behaviors are never quite the same across platforms.
A popular script engine for games is Lua; you might consider using that, since it's trivially easy to link with C/C++. If you use LuaJIT, it's also blazing fast on Android (and not shabby on iOS).
One alternative to consider is that if you build your custom engine on top of Cocos2d-X, you'd not only get Lua (or JavaScript) for free as a connected scripting engine, you'd also get portability to Windows (Win32 and Windows 8.1 Universal), iOS, Mac, and Linux, an IDE (!!), and a huge supportive community.
Or you can spend a lot of time figuring out how to integrate C# into your engine.
The simple answer is no, what you're looking for does not currently exist. You will need to drop/change requirements to find a solution.
The closest I know of is dot42 - which seems to support some of .net on android has recently been put on github and the main site shut-down - but there's no mention of license in the main compiler repository (I've added a bug to get that updated..)
It's not clear that it supports dynamic loading of C# .dll's though as it claims to compile to DEX. (But it may be free, depending on what the developers release as the license...)
Xamarin is the only other feasible alternative that I know of, but as you're aware only the starter edition is free.
If what you're after is purely better scripting support, I'd drop the compiled and C# requirements and find something that works well on android already. Lua is my go to solution for this kind of thing, but I've not used it on android before... and many other options exist.
I have done a lot of research regarding this issue. but i am still confused in choosing the right programming language. I wanted to convert my system which is programmed using C# to a cross platform system. Even though c# is an cross platform language the mono project is not successful according to my research.
Please give me your suggestions to this problem? I believe c++ and java will be an ideal programming language but java doesn't provide good GUI and if i choose c++ i will get stucked when converting my dll to c++.
Please provide your suggestions. Thank you.
Since Java syntax is a lot like C# syntax it would be easier to convert the code to Java. And there are actually some nice GUI libraries for Java.
See which-gui-library-is-the-best-in-java (Deleted in the meantime but Swing and SWT were favoured there)
I don't know what you mean by a good GUI, but you could use SWT which gives native integration to file/Open dialog boxes etc, rather than using the Java ones.
Of course a lot depends on how cross paltform you need it to be. Some devices only support C.
"cross platform" is not a fixed term. For example: Using the Eclipse RCP you have SWT on board. Your code uses the RCP stuff and would be platform neutral. But the embedded SWT libs would require either per-platform installable packages or one big package containing the SWT libs for all supported platform. If this is OK for you, you could use Java+SWT+(anything else you want) and have nice GUIs.
There is NO truly cross-platform language or technique. Yes, Java and Python can provide some abstraction over a platform... But everything stuck if only you add ":" to your file-name.
I mean, creating a software that is truly runs on many platform is FAR more than only choosing between Java, C# and C++. If one developed such software, one would understand me...
There is NO problems with Mono if you consider Mono as a target platform from the beginning. The most problems with mono happens when something is already written in .NET without ever aimed to be run on Mono. In this case there could be problems. If you bare in mind Mono from the beginning it is still the excellent platform.
As something that wasn't suggested here yet, I could refer you using python with Glide as cross-platform solution of creating applications with GUI.
Or you can see the Vala GObject system. Which syntax is really C# alike.
I'm trying wrap my head around all of the different scripting technologies for Windows (what are they, and which are the most common) and ultimately to figure out what type of scripting to add to my application.
I've read that with .NET 4 it's easy to make your program scriptable via dynamic languages like IronRuby and IronPython (or even VB or C# which might be more confusing for a user?) My understanding is that pre .NET 4 the way to add scripting support for your application was to make it a COM/OLE object so people could use vbscript, winbatch, shell scripts, or another scripting language (or really any language that supported COM) to control your application? What are the common scripting languages use? I've heard a lot of people talk about VB for Applications. Is that a dynamic language or a compiled language and to allow my application to be scriptable via VB for Applications would I have to support COM/OLE? I think I'm leaning towards supporting IronRuby and IronPython since it seems simple to implement support for them, but can those languages also be used to script Windows or other applications in general (and thus scripts for your application could have more features than what you laid out)? How would you go about designing your application to be scriptable?
I know that seems like a thousands questions, but really what I'm looking for is just an explanation of the scripting technologies for windows (what are the main differences, how frequently are they used) and which ones are the most common/standard to support when making your application scriptable?
Thanks in advance everyone!!
The words "scripting" and "windows" automatically bring PowerShell into my mind. It's arguably one of, if not THE most powerful scripting language currently available for Windows. It also ties in with .NET quite nicely.
I’d like to develop an application with a complex GUI (combobox with animation, charts with spline, transparent layers, …). I have good experience with C# 2.0 and I’m studying WPF, but I read that, unfortunately, there is no plan to port WPF to Mono.
If I stick with C# and create custom GUI controls using OpenGL (via OpenTK), I feel it will be a hard work (integration with GTK#, debugging, hard to use to design forms).
I can use Java (with JOGL), but I’m not very skilled with it, and I don’t know about performance issues.
Last option is C++, but I have to do a big revision (years since last time I used it), and I find it hard to develop GUI and portable applications in C++. (Maybe I’m wrong! Still, I’m quite afraid to develop such complex application with this language.)
What is your advice? Had I better choose C# + OpenTK, Java + JOGL, or return to C++?
I would go with Qt. Take a look at http://qt.nokia.com/products/ . If you are afraid of C++ (but there is no reason to be afraid of it), you can try with Java Swing. I think that those are the best options to go with multi platform desktop GUI development.
I would suggest Mono and GTK#. Developing apps with .Net is far more effective than doing it in C++ vanilla. Sure, you have to stick with C# 3.0 and .Net 2.0 (some features from 3.5 is implemented, like LINQ). But it still gives you a lot more than C++ with, for instance QT, would give you.
Go C# for productivity. Nothing against C++ but it's a bit verbose.
As for the GUI library, I think WinForms used to work on Mono. Alternatively, GTK#.
I would not suggest using wpf for it is a platform dependant platform. Silverlight might be a better option.
But if you are developing a web application, jquery would be a nice option you also might consider adobe flex and adobe air; http://www.adobe.com/products/air/
Does multi-platform have to include iDevices? Can it be on the web? Those are 2 questions you have to answer first.
If you can live without iPad/iPhone suppport, then Flex/Flash/Air is good option for highly graphical things. It is multi-platform for sure and easily integrates to the web. Probably your best option for this case with the limited details given.
Qt could work for you as well, although I can't say for sure if it's graphic library will make it easy. I've personally never worked with it, so other would have to answer that. But since it is in C++, you could use other libraries as well.
Java Swing sounds rough to me for this complex of a GUI. Making some basic stuff isn't too bad, but if you are expecting an experience like with C# I think you will be frustrated. Just a personal opinion of course.
Lastly, if it can be a web app, why not stick with C# and Silverlight? A .NET solution may work well for you since you are already learning it.
Silverlight runs on Windows/Mac/Linux and some handhelds, and is being ported to more handhelds. I believe Silverlight will ultimately be ported to every popular device.
Silverlight is:
Much, much more powerful than Flex/Flash/Air.
Much, much more powerful than Qt.
Ridiculously more powerful than GTK+ or GTK#.
Ridiculously more powerful than JOGL.
Silverlight has all of the features you have requested.
Silverlight works very well with C#, which is a much more productive language to work in than C++.
Silverlight is basically a very large subset of WPF, so if you already know WPF, you already know Silverlight.
Unless you absolutely require iPhone/iPad support I think the decision is perfectly obvious.
See this comparison of WPF and Cocoa to get some feeling of how WPF/Silverlight compares with the likes of Qt, Flash/Flex/Air, and GTK#, all of which use a primitive WinForms-like object model similar to the one used by Cocoa.
At my day job (a well-known microprocessor company) we develop complex engineering apps with Java, Eclipse RCP, and Java OpenGL. Performance is good -- we can easily get many millions of polygons/second and up to 100 frames/second. The SWT widgets in Eclipse are fast enough where we haven't had to render any custom controls with JOGL.
I've got a set of tutorials that shows how to get started with this kind of programming. The series starts with http://wadeawalker.wordpress.com/2010/10/09/tutorial-a-cross-platform-workbench-program-using-java-opengl-and-eclipse/.
First, don’t use C# for anything that should be portable. Mono is a bad option for GUI for two reasons:
Mono goes always several steps behind .NET.
Mono does not support WPF, so the only way to develop GUI is using something like GTK#.
My personal opinion – use C++. It would give you very good portability and independence.
You have two options:
Qt4 – very good GUI toolkit, makes GUI development very easy, and highly portable.
GTKmm – also very good toolkit, but it feels less natural on Windows.
Also, Java has Swing toolkit that comes with JDK and is available on all Java platforms, even very strange ones like OpenVMS.
I currently use Python for most of my programming projects (mainly rapid development of small programs and prototypes). I'd like to invest time in learning a language that gives me the flexibility to use various Microsoft tools and APIs whenever the opportunity arises. I'm trying to decide between IronPython and C#. Since Python is my favorite programming language (mainly because of its conciseness and clean syntax), IronPython sounds like the ideal option. Yet after reading about it a little bit I have several questions.
For those of you who have used IronPython, does it ever become unclear where classic Python ends and .NET begins? For example, there appears to be significant overlap in functionality between the .NET libraries and the Python standard library, so when I need to do string operations or parse XML, I'm unclear which library I'm supposed to use. Also, I'm unclear when I'm supposed to use Python versus .NET data types in my code. For example, which of the following would I be using in my code?
d = {}
or
d = System.Collections.Hashtable()
(By the way, it seems that if I do a lot of things like the latter I might lose some of the conciseness, which is why I favor Python in the first place.)
Another issue is that a number of Microsoft's developer tools, such as .NET CF and Xbox XNA, are not available in IronPython. Are there more situations where IronPython wouldn't give me the full reach of C#?
I've built a large-scale application in IronPython bound with C#.
It's almost completely seamless. The only things missing in IronPython from the true "python" feel are the C-based libraries (gotta use .NET for those) and IDLE.
The language interacts with other .NET languages like a dream... Specifically if you embed the interpreter and bind variables by reference.
By the way, a hash in IronPython is declared:
d = {}
Just be aware that it's actually an IronPython.Dict object, and not a C# dictionary. That said, the conversions often work invisibly if you pass it to a .NET class, and if you need to convert explicitly, there are built-ins that do it just fine.
All in all, an awesome language to use with .NET, if you have reason to.
Just a word of advice: Avoid the Visual Studio IronPython IDE like the plague. I found the automatic line completions screwed up on indentation, between spaces and tabs. Now -that- is a difficult-to-trace bug inserted into code.
I'd suggest taking a look at Boo [http://boo.codehaus.org/], a .NET-based language with a syntax inspired by Python, but which provides the full range of .NET 3.5 functionality.
IronPython is great for using .NET-centric libraries -- but it isn't well-suited to creating them due to underlying differences in how the languages do typing. As Boo does inference-based typing at compile time except where duck typing is explicitly requested (or a specific type is given by the user), it lets you build .NET-centric libraries easily usable from C# (and other languages') code, which IronPython isn't suitable for; also, as it has to do less introspection at runtime, Boo compiles to faster code.