Is it possible to count something from general container in c#? - c#

I have an object.
This object is casting an Items Container (I don't know what items, but I can check).
But is there any code which can help me find how many items it contains?
I mean
object[] arrObj = new object[2] {1, 2};
object o = (object)arrObj;
In this case arrObj is an array so I can check:
((Array)o).Length //2
But what if I have those 2 others ?
ArrayList al = new ArrayList(2);
al.Add(1);
al.Add(2);
object o = (object)al ;
and
List<object> lst= new List<object>(2);
object o = (object)lst;
Is there any general code which can help me find how many items are in this casted object (o in this samples) ?
Of course I can check if (o is ...) { } but Im looking for more general code.

You can cast to the interface every container implements: IEnumerable. However, to be more performant, it is a good idea to first try IEnumerable<T>:
var count = -1;
var enumerable = lst as IEnumerable<object>;
if(enumerable != null)
count = enumerable.Count();
else
{
var nonGenericEnumerable = lst as IEnumerable;
count = nonGenericEnumerable.Cast<object>().Count();
}
For Count() to be available, you need to add using System.Linq; to your .cs file.
Please note that this code has one big advantage: If the collection implements ICollection<T> - like List<T> or strong typed arrays of reference types - this code executes in O(1) [Assuming the concrete implementation of ICollection<T>.Count executes in O(1)]. Only if it doesn't - like ArrayList or strong typed arrays of value types - does this code execute in O(n) and additionally, it will box the items in the case of an array of value types.

You could use linq.
var count = ((IEnumerable)o).Cast<object>().Count();
Ensure that the type o has implements IEnumerable and that you have using System.Linq at the top of your file.

Well the most basic interface it could implement would be IEnumerable. Unfortunately even Enumerable.Count from LINQ is implemented for IEnumerable<T>, but you could easily write your own:
public static int Count(IEnumerable sequence)
{
// Shortcut for any ICollection implementation
var collection = sequence as ICollection;
if (collection != null)
{
return collection.Count;
}
var iterator = sequence.GetEnumerator();
try
{
int count = 0;
while (iterator.MoveNext())
{
count++;
}
return count;
}
finally
{
IDisposable disposable = iterator as IDisposable;
if (disposable != null)
{
disposable.Dispose();
}
}
}
Note that this is basically equivalent to:
int count = 0;
foreach (object item in sequence)
{
count++;
}
... except that because it never uses Current, it wouldn't need to do any boxing if your container was actually an int[] for example.
Call it with:
var sequence = container as IEnumerable;
if (sequence != null)
{
int count = Count(sequence);
// Use the count
}
It's worth noting that avoiding boxing really is a bit of a micro-optimization: it's unlikely to really be significant. But you can do it once, just in this method, and then take advantage of it everywhere.

Related

Implementation of WhereListIterator.ToList()

In a piece of code like
List<int> foo = new List<int>() { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
IEnumerable<int> bar = foo.Where(x => x % 2 == 1);
bar is of type System.Linq.Enumerable.WhereListIterator<int> due to deferred execution. Since it implements IEnumerable<int> it is possible to convert it to a List<int>using ToList(). However, I have been unable to identify some parts of the code that is run when ToList() is called. I am using dotPeek as a decompiler and this is my first time attempting such a thing, so correct me if i made any mistakes on the way.
I will describe what I found so far below (All assemblies are Version 4.0.0.0):
Enumerable.WhereArrayIterator<TSource> is implemented in the file Enumerable.cs of the namespace System.Linq in the assembly System.Core. The class neither defines ToList() itself nor does it implement IEnumerable<TSource>. It implements Enumerable.Iterator<TSource> which is located in the same file. Enumerable.Iterator<TSource> does implement IEnumerable<TSource>.
ToList() is an extension mewthod that is also located in Enumerable.cs. All it does is null checking and then calling the constructor of List<TSource> with its argument.
List<T> is defined in the file List.cs of the namespace System.Collections.Generic in the assembly mscorlib. The constructor that is called by ToList() has the signature public List(IEnumerable<T> collection). It once again null checks and then casts the argument to ICollection<T>. If the collection has no elements, its creates a new list of an empty array, otherwise it uses the ICollection.CopyTo() method to create the new list.
ICollection<T> is defined in mscorlib \ System.Collections.Generic \ ICollection.cs. It implements IEnumerable in its generic and non-generic form.
This is where I am stuck. Neither Enumerable.WhereArrayIterator<TSource> nor Enumerable.Iterator<TSource> implement ICollection, so somewhere, a cast has to happen and I am unable to locate the code that is run when CopyTo() is called.
This is the relevant part in the List<T> constructor (ILSpy):
ICollection<T> collection2 = collection as ICollection<T>; // this won't succeed
if (collection2 != null)
{
int count = collection2.Count;
this._items = new T[count];
collection2.CopyTo(this._items, 0);
this._size = count;
return;
}
// this will be used instead
this._size = 0;
this._items = new T[4];
using (IEnumerator<T> enumerator = collection.GetEnumerator())
{
while (enumerator.MoveNext())
{
this.Add(enumerator.Current);
}
}
So you see that collection as ICollection<T>; tries to cast to ICollection<T>, if that works the efficient CopyTo will be used, otherwise the sequence will be enumerated entirely.
Your WhereListIterator<int> is a query and not a collection, so it cannot be casted to ICollection<T>, hence it will be enumerated.
I think you're getting confused by the as operator. It's basically a safe cast. It's equivalent to this, but a bit faster:
MyEndType x = null;
if (MyVarWithAs is MyEndType) x = (MyEndType)MyVarWithAs;
Now, let's look at the code again now.
public List(IEnumerable<T> collection)
{
if (collection == null)
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.collection);
ICollection<T> collection1 = collection as ICollection<T>;
if (collection1 != null)
{
int count = collection1.Count;
if (count == 0)
{
this._items = List<T>._emptyArray;
}
else
{
this._items = new T[count];
collection1.CopyTo(this._items, 0);
this._size = count;
}
}
else
{
this._size = 0;
this._items = List<T>._emptyArray;
foreach (T obj in collection)
this.Add(obj);
}
}
As you can see, in the if it checks if it's null. If it's null, it means that it is not an ICollection<T>, so then it goes to the else. All the else does is set everything to the default, and then adds everything in manually. When you pass in an IEnumerable<T> that is not an ICollection<T> (like in your example) it will go through the else path.

Get differences between two list

I have a 2 lists of an object type:
List<MyClass> list1;
List<MyClass> list2;
What is the best way (performance and clean code) to extract differences in data between these two List?
I mean get objects that is added, deleted, or changed (and the change)?
Try Except with Union, but you'll need to do it for both in order to find differences in both.
var exceptions = list1.Except(list2).Union(list2.Except(list1)).ToList();
OR as a Linq alternative, there could be a much faster approach: HashSet.SymmetricExceptWith():
var exceptions = new HashSet(list1);
exceptions.SymmetricExceptWith(list2);
IEnumerable<string> differenceQuery = list1.Except(list2);
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb397894.aspx
You may use FindAll to get the result you want, even you don't have IEquatable or IComparable implemented in your MyClass. Here is one example:
List<MyClass> interetedList = list1.FindAll(delegate(MyClass item1) {
MyClass found = list2.Find(delegate(MyClass item2) {
return item2.propertyA == item1.propertyA ...;
}
return found != null;
});
In the same way, you can get your interested items from list2 by comparing to list1.
This strategy may get your "changed" items as well.
One way to get items that are either in list1 or in list2 but not in both would be:
var common = list1.Intersect(list2);
var exceptions = list1.Except(common).Concat(list2.Except(common));
Try this for objects comparison and loop around it for List<T>
public static void GetPropertyChanges<T>(this T oldObj, T newObj)
{
Type type = typeof(T);
foreach (System.Reflection.PropertyInfo pi in type.GetProperties(System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Public | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance))
{
object selfValue = type.GetProperty(pi.Name).GetValue(oldObj, null);
object toValue = type.GetProperty(pi.Name).GetValue(newObj, null);
if (selfValue != null && toValue != null)
{
if (selfValue.ToString() != toValue.ToString())
{
//do your code
}
}
}
}

How do I get the first element from an IEnumerable<T> in .net?

I often want to grab the first element of an IEnumerable<T> in .net, and I haven't found a nice way to do it. The best I've come up with is:
foreach(Elem e in enumerable) {
// do something with e
break;
}
Yuck! So, is there a nice way to do this?
If you can use LINQ you can use:
var e = enumerable.First();
This will throw an exception though if enumerable is empty: in which case you can use:
var e = enumerable.FirstOrDefault();
FirstOrDefault() will return default(T) if the enumerable is empty, which will be null for reference types or the default 'zero-value' for value types.
If you can't use LINQ, then your approach is technically correct and no different than creating an enumerator using the GetEnumerator and MoveNext methods to retrieve the first result (this example assumes enumerable is an IEnumerable<Elem>):
Elem e = myDefault;
using (IEnumerator<Elem> enumer = enumerable.GetEnumerator()) {
if (enumer.MoveNext()) e = enumer.Current;
}
Joel Coehoorn mentioned .Single() in the comments; this will also work, if you are expecting your enumerable to contain exactly one element - however it will throw an exception if it is either empty or larger than one element. There is a corresponding SingleOrDefault() method that covers this scenario in a similar fashion to FirstOrDefault(). However, David B explains that SingleOrDefault() may still throw an exception in the case where the enumerable contains more than one item.
Edit: Thanks Marc Gravell for pointing out that I need to dispose of my IEnumerator object after using it - I've edited the non-LINQ example to display the using keyword to implement this pattern.
Just in case you're using .NET 2.0 and don't have access to LINQ:
static T First<T>(IEnumerable<T> items)
{
using(IEnumerator<T> iter = items.GetEnumerator())
{
iter.MoveNext();
return iter.Current;
}
}
This should do what you're looking for...it uses generics so you to get the first item on any type IEnumerable.
Call it like so:
List<string> items = new List<string>() { "A", "B", "C", "D", "E" };
string firstItem = First<string>(items);
Or
int[] items = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
int firstItem = First<int>(items);
You could modify it readily enough to mimic .NET 3.5's IEnumerable.ElementAt() extension method:
static T ElementAt<T>(IEnumerable<T> items, int index)
{
using(IEnumerator<T> iter = items.GetEnumerator())
{
for (int i = 0; i <= index; i++, iter.MoveNext()) ;
return iter.Current;
}
}
Calling it like so:
int[] items = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
int elemIdx = 3;
int item = ElementAt<int>(items, elemIdx);
Of course if you do have access to LINQ, then there are plenty of good answers posted already...
Well, you didn't specify which version of .Net you're using.
Assuming you have 3.5, another way is the ElementAt method:
var e = enumerable.ElementAt(0);
FirstOrDefault ?
Elem e = enumerable.FirstOrDefault();
//do something with e
Try this
IEnumerable<string> aa;
string a = (from t in aa where t.Equals("") select t.Value).ToArray()[0];
Use FirstOrDefault or a foreach loop as already mentioned. Manually fetching an enumerator and calling Current should be avoided. foreach will dispose your enumerator for you if it implements IDisposable. When calling MoveNext and Current you have to dispose it manually (if aplicable).
If your IEnumerable doesn't expose it's <T> and Linq fails, you can write a method using reflection:
public static T GetEnumeratedItem<T>(Object items, int index) where T : class
{
T item = null;
if (items != null)
{
System.Reflection.MethodInfo mi = items.GetType()
.GetMethod("GetEnumerator");
if (mi != null)
{
object o = mi.Invoke(items, null);
if (o != null)
{
System.Reflection.MethodInfo mn = o.GetType()
.GetMethod("MoveNext");
if (mn != null)
{
object next = mn.Invoke(o, null);
while (next != null && next.ToString() == "True")
{
if (index < 1)
{
System.Reflection.PropertyInfo pi = o
.GetType().GetProperty("Current");
if (pi != null) item = pi
.GetValue(o, null) as T;
break;
}
index--;
}
}
}
}
}
return item;
}
you can also try the more generic version which gives you the ith element
enumerable.ElementAtOrDefault(i));
hope it helps

Best way to remove items from a collection

What is the best way to approach removing items from a collection in C#, once the item is known, but not it's index. This is one way to do it, but it seems inelegant at best.
//Remove the existing role assignment for the user.
int cnt = 0;
int assToDelete = 0;
foreach (SPRoleAssignment spAssignment in workspace.RoleAssignments)
{
if (spAssignment.Member.Name == shortName)
{
assToDelete = cnt;
}
cnt++;
}
workspace.RoleAssignments.Remove(assToDelete);
What I would really like to do is find the item to remove by property (in this case, name) without looping through the entire collection and using 2 additional variables.
If RoleAssignments is a List<T> you can use the following code.
workSpace.RoleAssignments.RemoveAll(x =>x.Member.Name == shortName);
If you want to access members of the collection by one of their properties, you might consider using a Dictionary<T> or KeyedCollection<T> instead. This way you don't have to search for the item you're looking for.
Otherwise, you could at least do this:
foreach (SPRoleAssignment spAssignment in workspace.RoleAssignments)
{
if (spAssignment.Member.Name == shortName)
{
workspace.RoleAssignments.Remove(spAssignment);
break;
}
}
#smaclell asked why reverse iteration was more efficient in in a comment to #sambo99.
Sometimes it's more efficient. Consider you have a list of people, and you want to remove or filter all customers with a credit rating < 1000;
We have the following data
"Bob" 999
"Mary" 999
"Ted" 1000
If we were to iterate forward, we'd soon get into trouble
for( int idx = 0; idx < list.Count ; idx++ )
{
if( list[idx].Rating < 1000 )
{
list.RemoveAt(idx); // whoops!
}
}
At idx = 0 we remove Bob, which then shifts all remaining elements left. The next time through the loop idx = 1, but
list[1] is now Ted instead of Mary. We end up skipping Mary by mistake. We could use a while loop, and we could introduce more variables.
Or, we just reverse iterate:
for (int idx = list.Count-1; idx >= 0; idx--)
{
if (list[idx].Rating < 1000)
{
list.RemoveAt(idx);
}
}
All the indexes to the left of the removed item stay the same, so you don't skip any items.
The same principle applies if you're given a list of indexes to remove from an array. In order to keep things straight you need to sort the list and then remove the items from highest index to lowest.
Now you can just use Linq and declare what you're doing in a straightforward manner.
list.RemoveAll(o => o.Rating < 1000);
For this case of removing a single item, it's no more efficient iterating forwards or backwards. You could also use Linq for this.
int removeIndex = list.FindIndex(o => o.Name == "Ted");
if( removeIndex != -1 )
{
list.RemoveAt(removeIndex);
}
If it's an ICollection then you won't have a RemoveAll method. Here's an extension method that will do it:
public static void RemoveAll<T>(this ICollection<T> source,
Func<T, bool> predicate)
{
if (source == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("source", "source is null.");
if (predicate == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("predicate", "predicate is null.");
source.Where(predicate).ToList().ForEach(e => source.Remove(e));
}
Based on:
http://phejndorf.wordpress.com/2011/03/09/a-removeall-extension-for-the-collection-class/
For a simple List structure the most efficient way seems to be using the Predicate RemoveAll implementation.
Eg.
workSpace.RoleAssignments.RemoveAll(x =>x.Member.Name == shortName);
The reasons are:
The Predicate/Linq RemoveAll method is implemented in List and has access to the internal array storing the actual data. It will shift the data and resize the internal array.
The RemoveAt method implementation is quite slow, and will copy the entire underlying array of data into a new array. This means reverse iteration is useless for List
If you are stuck implementing this in a the pre c# 3.0 era. You have 2 options.
The easily maintainable option. Copy all the matching items into a new list and and swap the underlying list.
Eg.
List<int> list2 = new List<int>() ;
foreach (int i in GetList())
{
if (!(i % 2 == 0))
{
list2.Add(i);
}
}
list2 = list2;
Or
The tricky slightly faster option, which involves shifting all the data in the list down when it does not match and then resizing the array.
If you are removing stuff really frequently from a list, perhaps another structure like a HashTable (.net 1.1) or a Dictionary (.net 2.0) or a HashSet (.net 3.5) are better suited for this purpose.
What type is the collection? If it's List, you can use the helpful "RemoveAll":
int cnt = workspace.RoleAssignments
.RemoveAll(spa => spa.Member.Name == shortName)
(This works in .NET 2.0. Of course, if you don't have the newer compiler, you'll have to use "delegate (SPRoleAssignment spa) { return spa.Member.Name == shortName; }" instead of the nice lambda syntax.)
Another approach if it's not a List, but still an ICollection:
var toRemove = workspace.RoleAssignments
.FirstOrDefault(spa => spa.Member.Name == shortName)
if (toRemove != null) workspace.RoleAssignments.Remove(toRemove);
This requires the Enumerable extension methods. (You can copy the Mono ones in, if you are stuck on .NET 2.0). If it's some custom collection that cannot take an item, but MUST take an index, some of the other Enumerable methods, such as Select, pass in the integer index for you.
This is my generic solution
public static IEnumerable<T> Remove<T>(this IEnumerable<T> items, Func<T, bool> match)
{
var list = items.ToList();
for (int idx = 0; idx < list.Count(); idx++)
{
if (match(list[idx]))
{
list.RemoveAt(idx);
idx--; // the list is 1 item shorter
}
}
return list.AsEnumerable();
}
It would look much simpler if extension methods support passing by reference !
usage:
var result = string[]{"mike", "john", "ali"}
result = result.Remove(x => x.Username == "mike").ToArray();
Assert.IsTrue(result.Length == 2);
EDIT: ensured that the list looping remains valid even when deleting items by decrementing the index (idx).
Here is a pretty good way to do it
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/555972
System.Collections.ArrayList arr = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
arr.Add("1");
arr.Add("2");
arr.Add("3");
/*This throws an exception
foreach (string s in arr)
{
arr.Remove(s);
}
*/
//where as this works correctly
Console.WriteLine(arr.Count);
foreach (string s in new System.Collections.ArrayList(arr))
{
arr.Remove(s);
}
Console.WriteLine(arr.Count);
Console.ReadKey();
There is another approach you can take depending on how you're using your collection. If you're downloading the assignments one time (e.g., when the app runs), you could translate the collection on the fly into a hashtable where:
shortname => SPRoleAssignment
If you do this, then when you want to remove an item by short name, all you need to do is remove the item from the hashtable by key.
Unfortunately, if you're loading these SPRoleAssignments a lot, that obviously isn't going to be any more cost efficient in terms of time. The suggestions other people made about using Linq would be good if you're using a new version of the .NET Framework, but otherwise, you'll have to stick to the method you're using.
Similar to Dictionary Collection point of view, I have done this.
Dictionary<string, bool> sourceDict = new Dictionary<string, bool>();
sourceDict.Add("Sai", true);
sourceDict.Add("Sri", false);
sourceDict.Add("SaiSri", true);
sourceDict.Add("SaiSriMahi", true);
var itemsToDelete = sourceDict.Where(DictItem => DictItem.Value == false);
foreach (var item in itemsToDelete)
{
sourceDict.Remove(item.Key);
}
Note:
Above code will fail in .Net Client Profile (3.5 and 4.5) also some viewers mentioned it is
Failing for them in .Net4.0 as well not sure which settings are causing the problem.
So replace with below code (.ToList()) for Where statement, to avoid that error. “Collection was modified; enumeration operation may not execute.”
var itemsToDelete = sourceDict.Where(DictItem => DictItem.Value == false).ToList();
Per MSDN From .Net4.5 onwards Client Profile are discontinued. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc656912(v=vs.110).aspx
Save your items first, than delete them.
var itemsToDelete = Items.Where(x => !!!your condition!!!).ToArray();
for (int i = 0; i < itemsToDelete.Length; ++i)
Items.Remove(itemsToDelete[i]);
You need to override GetHashCode() in your Item class.
The best way to do it is by using linq.
Example class:
public class Product
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Price { get; set; }
}
Linq query:
var subCollection = collection1.RemoveAll(w => collection2.Any(q => q.Name == w.Name));
This query will remove all elements from collection1 if Name match any element Name from collection2
Remember to use: using System.Linq;
To do this while looping through the collection and not to get the modifying a collection exception, this is the approach I've taken in the past (note the .ToList() at the end of the original collection, this creates another collection in memory, then you can modify the existing collection)
foreach (SPRoleAssignment spAssignment in workspace.RoleAssignments.ToList())
{
if (spAssignment.Member.Name == shortName)
{
workspace.RoleAssignments.Remove(spAssignment);
}
}
If you have got a List<T>, then List<T>.RemoveAll is your best bet. There can't be anything more efficient. Internally it does the array moving in one shot, not to mention it is O(N).
If all you got is an IList<T> or an ICollection<T> you got roughly these three options:
public static void RemoveAll<T>(this IList<T> ilist, Predicate<T> predicate) // O(N^2)
{
for (var index = ilist.Count - 1; index >= 0; index--)
{
var item = ilist[index];
if (predicate(item))
{
ilist.RemoveAt(index);
}
}
}
or
public static void RemoveAll<T>(this ICollection<T> icollection, Predicate<T> predicate) // O(N)
{
var nonMatchingItems = new List<T>();
// Move all the items that do not match to another collection.
foreach (var item in icollection)
{
if (!predicate(item))
{
nonMatchingItems.Add(item);
}
}
// Clear the collection and then copy back the non-matched items.
icollection.Clear();
foreach (var item in nonMatchingItems)
{
icollection.Add(item);
}
}
or
public static void RemoveAll<T>(this ICollection<T> icollection, Func<T, bool> predicate) // O(N^2)
{
foreach (var item in icollection.Where(predicate).ToList())
{
icollection.Remove(item);
}
}
Go for either 1 or 2.
1 is lighter on memory and faster if you have less deletes to perform (i.e. predicate is false most of the times).
2 is faster if you have more deletes to perform.
3 is the cleanest code but performs poorly IMO. Again all that depends on input data.
For some benchmarking details see https://github.com/dotnet/BenchmarkDotNet/issues/1505
A lot of good responses here; I especially like the lambda expressions...very clean. I was remiss, however, in not specifying the type of Collection. This is a SPRoleAssignmentCollection (from MOSS) that only has Remove(int) and Remove(SPPrincipal), not the handy RemoveAll(). So, I have settled on this, unless there is a better suggestion.
foreach (SPRoleAssignment spAssignment in workspace.RoleAssignments)
{
if (spAssignment.Member.Name != shortName) continue;
workspace.RoleAssignments.Remove((SPPrincipal)spAssignment.Member);
break;
}

Checking if a list is empty with LINQ

What's the "best" (taking both speed and readability into account) way to determine if a list is empty? Even if the list is of type IEnumerable<T> and doesn't have a Count property.
Right now I'm tossing up between this:
if (myList.Count() == 0) { ... }
and this:
if (!myList.Any()) { ... }
My guess is that the second option is faster, since it'll come back with a result as soon as it sees the first item, whereas the second option (for an IEnumerable) will need to visit every item to return the count.
That being said, does the second option look as readable to you? Which would you prefer? Or can you think of a better way to test for an empty list?
Edit #lassevk's response seems to be the most logical, coupled with a bit of runtime checking to use a cached count if possible, like this:
public static bool IsEmpty<T>(this IEnumerable<T> list)
{
if (list is ICollection<T>) return ((ICollection<T>)list).Count == 0;
return !list.Any();
}
You could do this:
public static Boolean IsEmpty<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
{
if (source == null)
return true; // or throw an exception
return !source.Any();
}
Edit: Note that simply using the .Count method will be fast if the underlying source actually has a fast Count property. A valid optimization above would be to detect a few base types and simply use the .Count property of those, instead of the .Any() approach, but then fall back to .Any() if no guarantee can be made.
I would make one small addition to the code you seem to have settled on: check also for ICollection, as this is implemented even by some non-obsolete generic classes as well (i.e., Queue<T> and Stack<T>). I would also use as instead of is as it's more idiomatic and has been shown to be faster.
public static bool IsEmpty<T>(this IEnumerable<T> list)
{
if (list == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("list");
}
var genericCollection = list as ICollection<T>;
if (genericCollection != null)
{
return genericCollection.Count == 0;
}
var nonGenericCollection = list as ICollection;
if (nonGenericCollection != null)
{
return nonGenericCollection.Count == 0;
}
return !list.Any();
}
LINQ itself must be doing some serious optimization around the Count() method somehow.
Does this surprise you? I imagine that for IList implementations, Count simply reads the number of elements directly while Any has to query the IEnumerable.GetEnumerator method, create an instance and call MoveNext at least once.
/EDIT #Matt:
I can only assume that the Count() extension method for IEnumerable is doing something like this:
Yes, of course it does. This is what I meant. Actually, it uses ICollection instead of IList but the result is the same.
I just wrote up a quick test, try this:
IEnumerable<Object> myList = new List<Object>();
Stopwatch watch = new Stopwatch();
int x;
watch.Start();
for (var i = 0; i <= 1000000; i++)
{
if (myList.Count() == 0) x = i;
}
watch.Stop();
Stopwatch watch2 = new Stopwatch();
watch2.Start();
for (var i = 0; i <= 1000000; i++)
{
if (!myList.Any()) x = i;
}
watch2.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("myList.Count() = " + watch.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString());
Console.WriteLine("myList.Any() = " + watch2.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString());
Console.ReadLine();
The second is almost three times slower :)
Trying the stopwatch test again with a Stack or array or other scenarios it really depends on the type of list it seems - because they prove Count to be slower.
So I guess it depends on the type of list you're using!
(Just to point out, I put 2000+ objects in the List and count was still faster, opposite with other types)
List.Count is O(1) according to Microsoft's documentation:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/27b47ht3.aspx
so just use List.Count == 0 it's much faster than a query
This is because it has a data member called Count which is updated any time something is added or removed from the list, so when you call List.Count it doesn't have to iterate through every element to get it, it just returns the data member.
The second option is much quicker if you have multiple items.
Any() returns as soon as 1 item is found.
Count() has to keep going through the entire list.
For instance suppose the enumeration had 1000 items.
Any() would check the first one, then return true.
Count() would return 1000 after traversing the entire enumeration.
This is potentially worse if you use one of the predicate overrides - Count() still has to check every single item, even it there is only one match.
You get used to using the Any one - it does make sense and is readable.
One caveat - if you have a List, rather than just an IEnumerable then use that list's Count property.
#Konrad what surprises me is that in my tests, I'm passing the list into a method that accepts IEnumerable<T>, so the runtime can't optimize it by calling the Count() extension method for IList<T>.
I can only assume that the Count() extension method for IEnumerable is doing something like this:
public static int Count<T>(this IEnumerable<T> list)
{
if (list is IList<T>) return ((IList<T>)list).Count;
int i = 0;
foreach (var t in list) i++;
return i;
}
... in other words, a bit of runtime optimization for the special case of IList<T>.
/EDIT #Konrad +1 mate - you're right about it more likely being on ICollection<T>.
Ok, so what about this one?
public static bool IsEmpty<T>(this IEnumerable<T> enumerable)
{
return !enumerable.GetEnumerator().MoveNext();
}
EDIT: I've just realized that someone has sketched this solution already. It was mentioned that the Any() method will do this, but why not do it yourself? Regards
Another idea:
if(enumerable.FirstOrDefault() != null)
However I like the Any() approach more.
This was critical to get this to work with Entity Framework:
var genericCollection = list as ICollection<T>;
if (genericCollection != null)
{
//your code
}
If I check with Count() Linq executes a "SELECT COUNT(*).." in the database, but I need to check if the results contains data, I resolved to introducing FirstOrDefault() instead of Count();
Before
var cfop = from tabelaCFOPs in ERPDAOManager.GetTable<TabelaCFOPs>()
if (cfop.Count() > 0)
{
var itemCfop = cfop.First();
//....
}
After
var cfop = from tabelaCFOPs in ERPDAOManager.GetTable<TabelaCFOPs>()
var itemCfop = cfop.FirstOrDefault();
if (itemCfop != null)
{
//....
}
private bool NullTest<T>(T[] list, string attribute)
{
bool status = false;
if (list != null)
{
int flag = 0;
var property = GetProperty(list.FirstOrDefault(), attribute);
foreach (T obj in list)
{
if (property.GetValue(obj, null) == null)
flag++;
}
status = flag == 0 ? true : false;
}
return status;
}
public PropertyInfo GetProperty<T>(T obj, string str)
{
Expression<Func<T, string, PropertyInfo>> GetProperty = (TypeObj, Column) => TypeObj.GetType().GetProperty(TypeObj
.GetType().GetProperties().ToList()
.Find(property => property.Name
.ToLower() == Column
.ToLower()).Name.ToString());
return GetProperty.Compile()(obj, str);
}
Here's my implementation of Dan Tao's answer, allowing for a predicate:
public static bool IsEmpty<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, bool> predicate)
{
if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException();
if (IsCollectionAndEmpty(source)) return true;
return !source.Any(predicate);
}
public static bool IsEmpty<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source)
{
if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException();
if (IsCollectionAndEmpty(source)) return true;
return !source.Any();
}
private static bool IsCollectionAndEmpty<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource> source)
{
var genericCollection = source as ICollection<TSource>;
if (genericCollection != null) return genericCollection.Count == 0;
var nonGenericCollection = source as ICollection;
if (nonGenericCollection != null) return nonGenericCollection.Count == 0;
return false;
}
List<T> li = new List<T>();
(li.First().DefaultValue.HasValue) ? string.Format("{0:yyyy/MM/dd}", sender.First().DefaultValue.Value) : string.Empty;
myList.ToList().Count == 0. That's all
This extension method works for me:
public static bool IsEmpty<T>(this IEnumerable<T> enumerable)
{
try
{
enumerable.First();
return false;
}
catch (InvalidOperationException)
{
return true;
}
}

Categories

Resources