How i convert decimal number with point to binary number in c#? - c#

In this web i see that all answer about thins like converting decimal number to binary
its refers number without point in the number(int)...
i want to know how to convert the decimal number with point like "332.434" to binary in c#
exemple i see:
using System;
namespace _01.Decimal_to_Binary
{
class DecimalToBinary
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.Write("Decimal: ");
int decimalNumber = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
int remainder;
string result = string.Empty;
while (decimalNumber > 0)
{
remainder = decimalNumber % 2;
decimalNumber /= 2;
result = remainder.ToString() + result;
}
Console.WriteLine("Binary: {0}",result);
}
}
}
the exemple refer to convert from int without point
thank

Just use a BitConverter to get the bytes then loop over them converting those to strings and appending the current string of bits to the previous one.
byte[] byteArray = BitConverter.GetBytes(MyDouble);
string ByteString = System.String.Empty;
for (int i = 0; i < byteArray.Length; i++)
ByteString = Convert.ToString(byteArray[i], 2).PadLeft(8, '0');
You may have to do some tinkering to get the bits in the correct order but I assume BysteString will have the high order bits on the left. Here's the MSDN page for that ToString method http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/8s62fh68.aspx

You can't simply convert non integer number to a binary format. E.g. for 3.145926 a computer keeps a sign (+/-), a number itself but with a lead zero alway (0.3141596) and a mantissa (E-1). So you need to keep all 3 parts. Read more in wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point#Representable_numbers.2C_conversion_and_rounding

Related

Storing numbers larger than Big integer C#

I am having a really hard time finding a way to store massive prime numbers in c#. I tried everything but nothing worked out for me. For example. How can I store this number.
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
Do you know how or what an external library that could store that?
Thanks!!!
The size of an integer representable by BigInteger is effectively only constrained by the maximum addressable memory of the program if not the computer itself. You can parse one by using BigInteger.Parse or BigInteger.TryParse and passing NumberStyles.HexNumber (minus the "0x" part of the string).
A note about Parse, if the first digit is "8" or higher, that will result in the first bit of the number's binary representation being a 1. Signed integers interpret this as being a negative number, so your resulting number will not only be a negative number, but it will be very different than the equivalent positive number's binary representation. To avoid this, prepend a "0" to the input string.
You can "store" it by either converting it back into a string with ToString or by converting it into a byte array with ToByteArray, appropriately enough.
var input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
var hugeNumber = BigInteger.Parse(input, NumberStyles.HexNumber);
var hugeNumberString = hugeNumber.ToString();
var hugeNumberBytes = hugeNumber.ToByteArray();
// You can reload the byte array by simply passing it to the `BigInteger` constructor.
var hugeNumberReconstructed = new BigInteger(hugeNumberBytes);
BigInteger does it
var bytes = new List<Byte>();
string num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
for (int i = 0; i < num.Length; i+=2) {
var b = num.Substring(i, 2);
var x = Convert.ToByte(b, 16);
bytes.Add(x);
}
var bn = new System.Numerics.BigInteger(bytes.ToArray());
debugger shows
bn {-1570566720338582667927906308486331020678313192057614971584760731901058647139518057241123644094401330702204896434749395740948521204256830813802793411121615133171266951981018749121361010262657119536344690188227760522346385933065780960593402202465448470021036386883323238183599243975089536777184470963161425724987363228043371573877576452029605409494617533656095430483815839481907153364288401182596736380740919039955960610857082518546213313320880567980770439331102549009223218208548749082963734827189358268113429507100272583973032847664061854471533479116667574516065732839447648992011110538140617869829020597826272370250406178983259310517449686885092778023735816105275313156168057770834629675841435934157964159733407369373150569643832403368714414248477830355864648343905813412169307812679570071021264327268776159178258126189105355201727008666110957901070869422442964928204432497893639569923030486663520936478372141324725647779388824026436194349030123028127183590807988699910718883036274092296195738801238932240607706512065663168315105279062647762457541689320199801400963441351542207060400661407720411212987665329161135568453084989958577002926963319659401211071077577114413531153489686602746402174695962726389204418249748806498154334309175313426956505725867430885326612261827698634725487008721538567095488663671271012738141457858408427283049274115742675742516750037999118278841924003978633759158117873692177310838874149259276441739874499926101302480541938686564170604159164760763295532542904951250793468087996706862009509879288767160917718363858884333087557922625562601699376322568867851374429539180956730361131113520484694955462251349689481650791574910892992752905760719949241290478195310550499570804467728132132006347697735259131798874824194406553202473938274024972466003838104776740077783578318451208991087791302742074840248125227009}
BigInteger, but you need to add a Zero at the begining of the hexadecimal string number, to avoid get a negative number
public Class1()
{
var cadNumber =
"0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFC90FDAA22168C234C4C6628B80DC1CD129024E088A67CC74020BBEA63B139B22514A08798E3404DDEF9519B3CD3A431B302B0A6DF25F14374FE1356D6D51C245E485B576625E7EC6F44C42E9A637ED6B0BFF5CB6F406B7EDEE386BFB5A899FA5AE9F24117C4B1FE649286651ECE45B3DC2007CB8A163BF0598DA48361C55D39A69163FA8FD24CF5F83655D23DCA3AD961C62F356208552BB9ED529077096966D670C354E4ABC9804F1746C08CA18217C32905E462E36CE3BE39E772C180E86039B2783A2EC07A28FB5C55DF06F4C52C9DE2BCBF6955817183995497CEA956AE515D2261898FA051015728E5A8AAAC42DAD33170D04507A33A85521ABDF1CBA64ECFB850458DBEF0A8AEA71575D060C7DB3970F85A6E1E4C7ABF5AE8CDB0933D71E8C94E04A25619DCEE3D2261AD2EE6BF12FFA06D98A0864D87602733EC86A64521F2B18177B200CBBE117577A615D6C770988C0BAD946E208E24FA074E5AB3143DB5BFCE0FD108E4B82D120A92108011A723C12A787E6D788719A10BDBA5B2699C327186AF4E23C1A946834B6150BDA2583E9CA2AD44CE8DBBBC2DB04DE8EF92E8EFC141FBECAA6287C59474E6BC05D99B2964FA090C3A2233BA186515BE7ED1F612970CEE2D7AFB81BDD762170481CD0069127D5B05AA993B4EA988D8FDDC186FFB7DC90A6C08F4DF435C93402849236C3FAB4D27C7026C1D4DCB2602646DEC9751E763DBA37BDF8FF9406AD9E530EE5DB382F413001AEB06A53ED9027D831179727B0865A8918DA3EDBEBCF9B14ED44CE6CBACED4BB1BDB7F1447E6CC254B332051512BD7AF426FB8F401378CD2BF5983CA01C64B92ECF032EA15D1721D03F482D7CE6E74FEF6D55E702F46980C82B5A84031900B1C9E59E7C97FBEC7E8F323A97A7E36CC88BE0F1D45B7FF585AC54BD407B22B4154AACC8F6D7EBF48E1D814CC5ED20F8037E0A79715EEF29BE32806A1D58BB7C5DA76F550AA3D8A1FBFF0EB19CCB1A313D55CDA56C9EC2EF29632387FE8D76E3C0468043E8F663F4860EE12BF2D5B0B7474D6E694F91E6DCC4024FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF";
decimal.TryParse(
cadNumber
,out decimal numberDecimal);
var numberBigInteger = BigInteger.Parse(cadNumber, NumberStyles.AllowHexSpecifier);
var numberLong = long.Parse(cadNumber, NumberStyles.AllowHexSpecifier);
}

Convert BigInteger Binary to BigInteger Number?

Currently i am using Long integer type. I used the following to convert from/to binary/number:
Convert.ToInt64(BinaryString, 2); //Convert binary string of base 2 to number
Convert.ToString(LongNumber, 2); //Convert long number to binary string of base 2
Now the numbers i am using have exceeded 64 bit, so is started using BigInteger. I can't seem to find the equivalent of the code above.
How can i convert from a BinaryString that have over 64bits to a BigInteger number and vice versa ?
Update:
The references in the answer contains the answer i want but i am having some trouble in the conversion from Number to Binary.
I have used the following code which is available in the first reference:
public static string ToBinaryString(this BigInteger bigint)
{
var bytes = bigint.ToByteArray();
var idx = bytes.Length - 1;
// Create a StringBuilder having appropriate capacity.
var base2 = new StringBuilder(bytes.Length * 8);
// Convert first byte to binary.
var binary = Convert.ToString(bytes[idx], 2);
// Ensure leading zero exists if value is positive.
if (binary[0] != '0' && bigint.Sign == 1)
{
base2.Append('0');
}
// Append binary string to StringBuilder.
base2.Append(binary);
// Convert remaining bytes adding leading zeros.
for (idx--; idx >= 0; idx--)
{
base2.Append(Convert.ToString(bytes[idx], 2).PadLeft(8, '0'));
}
return base2.ToString();
}
The result i got is wrong:
100001000100000000000100000110000100010000000000000000000000000000000000 ===> 2439583056328331886592
2439583056328331886592 ===> 0100001000100000000000100000110000100010000000000000000000000000000000000
If you put the resulted binary string under each other, you will notice that the conversion is correct and that the problem is that there is a leading zero from the left:
100001000100000000000100000110000100010000000000000000000000000000000000
0100001000100000000000100000110000100010000000000000000000000000000000000
I tried reading the explanation provided in the code and changing it but no luck.
Update 2:
I was able to solve it by changing the following in the code:
// Ensure leading zero exists if value is positive.
if (binary[0] != '0' && bigint.Sign == 1)
{
base2.Append('0');
// Append binary string to StringBuilder.
base2.Append(binary);
}
Unfortunately, there is nothing built-in in the .NET framework.
Fortunately, the StackOverflow community has already solved both problems:
BigInteger -> Binary: BigInteger to Hex/Decimal/Octal/Binary strings?
Binary -> BigInteger: C# Convert large binary string to decimal system
There is a good reference on MSDN about BigIntegers. Can you check it?
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.numerics.biginteger(v=vs.110).aspx
Also there is a post to convert from binary to biginteger Conversion of a binary representation stored in a list of integers (little endian) into a Biginteger
This example is from MSDN.
string positiveString = "91389681247993671255432112000000";
string negativeString = "-90315837410896312071002088037140000";
BigInteger posBigInt = 0;
BigInteger negBigInt = 0;
try {
posBigInt = BigInteger.Parse(positiveString);
Console.WriteLine(posBigInt);
}
catch (FormatException)
{
Console.WriteLine("Unable to convert the string '{0}' to a BigInteger value.",
positiveString);
}
if (BigInteger.TryParse(negativeString, out negBigInt))
Console.WriteLine(negBigInt);
else
Console.WriteLine("Unable to convert the string '{0}' to a BigInteger value.",
negativeString);
// The example displays the following output:
// 9.1389681247993671255432112E+31
// -9.0315837410896312071002088037E+34

Split an integer

I have been searching around the internet for a while but haven't found what I am looking for.
Let me start with some code example:
int a = 25;
int b;
int c;
What I want to do here is I want to split the a variable and give the two values to variable b and c. The result would be int b = 2 and int c = 5, or vice versa (doesn't matter in the purpose I'm going to use this).
How can you do this?
You can use integer division and modulo for that:
int b = a / 10;
int c = a % 10;
If the variable a contains a larger number, you would first determine how many digits you want in each variable. If you for example want two digits in c, you would use 100 as the second operand in both operations.
One way you could do it is with the following code:
int input = 123845;
var digits = input.ToString().Select(x=>int.Parse(x.ToString()));
This will first of all convert your input number to a string. It then treats this string as a character array when passing to Select. It then converts the char to a string and then parses it as an int, resulting in an IEnumerable<int>.
Of note is that this won't work if your input is a negative number (it will complain about the -). It wouldn't be too hard to check for the "-" at the beginning if you wanted to though.
The other way is to continually divide by 10 getting all the digits out one by one.
public IEnumerable<int> GetDigits(int input)
{
int currentNumber = input;
List<int> digits = new List<int>();
while (currentNumber !=0)
{
digits.Add(currentNumber%10);
currentNumber = currentNumber/10;
}
digits.Reverse();
return digits;
}
This will loop through the number adding the last digit to a list as it goes. It then returns the list reversed. This does deal with negative numbers and if the input is negative all output numbers iwll be negative.
An important note is that both of these methods will deal with more than two digits input numbers.
int a = 12345;
a = Math.Abs(a);
int length = a.ToString().Length;
int[] array = new int[length];
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
array[i] = a % 10;
a /= 10;
}

Convert large binary string to decimal string

I've got a large text, containing a number as a binary value. e.g '123' would be '001100010011001000110011'. EDIT: should be 1111011
Now I want to convert it to the decimal system, but the number is too large for Int64.
So, what I want: Convert a large binary string to decimal string.
This'll do the trick:
public string BinToDec(string value)
{
// BigInteger can be found in the System.Numerics dll
BigInteger res = 0;
// I'm totally skipping error handling here
foreach(char c in value)
{
res <<= 1;
res += c == '1' ? 1 : 0;
}
return res.ToString();
}

Calculating the number of bits in a Subnet Mask in C#

I have a task to complete in C#. I have a Subnet Mask: 255.255.128.0.
I need to find the number of bits in the Subnet Mask, which would be, in this case, 17.
However, I need to be able to do this in C# WITHOUT the use of the System.Net library (the system I am programming in does not have access to this library).
It seems like the process should be something like:
1) Split the Subnet Mask into Octets.
2) Convert the Octets to be binary.
3) Count the number of Ones in each Octet.
4) Output the total number of found Ones.
However, my C# is pretty poor. Does anyone have the C# knowledge to help?
Bit counting algorithm taken from:
http://www.necessaryandsufficient.net/2009/04/optimising-bit-counting-using-iterative-data-driven-development/
string mask = "255.255.128.0";
int totalBits = 0;
foreach (string octet in mask.Split('.'))
{
byte octetByte = byte.Parse(octet);
while (octetByte != 0)
{
totalBits += octetByte & 1; // logical AND on the LSB
octetByte >>= 1; // do a bitwise shift to the right to create a new LSB
}
}
Console.WriteLine(totalBits);
The most simple algorithm from the article was used. If performance is critical, you might want to read the article and use a more optimized solution from it.
string ip = "255.255.128.0";
string a = "";
ip.Split('.').ToList().ForEach(x => a += Convert.ToInt32(x, 2).ToString());
int ones_found = a.Replace("0", "").Length;
A complete sample:
public int CountBit(string mask)
{
int ones=0;
Array.ForEach(mask.Split('.'),(s)=>Array.ForEach(Convert.ToString(int.Parse(s),2).Where(c=>c=='1').ToArray(),(k)=>ones++));
return ones
}
You can convert a number to binary like this:
string ip = "255.255.128.0";
string[] tokens = ip.Split('.');
string result = "";
foreach (string token in tokens)
{
int tokenNum = int.Parse(token);
string octet = Convert.ToString(tokenNum, 2);
while (octet.Length < 8)
octet = octet + '0';
result += octet;
}
int mask = result.LastIndexOf('1') + 1;
The solution is to use a binary operation like
foreach(string octet in ipAddress.Split('.'))
{
int oct = int.Parse(octet);
while(oct !=0)
{
total += oct & 1; // {1}
oct >>=1; //{2}
}
}
The trick is that on line {1} the binary AND is in sence a multiplication so multiplicating 1x0=0, 1x1=1. So if we have some hypothetic number
0000101001 and multiply it by 1 (so in binary world we execute &), which is nothig else then 0000000001, we get
0000101001
0000000001
Most right digit is 1 in both numbers so making binary AND return 1, otherwise if ANY of the numbers minor digit will be 0, the result will be 0.
So here, on line total += oct & 1 we add to tolal either 1 or 0, based on that digi number.
On line {2}, instead we just shift the minor bit to right by, actually, deviding the number by 2, untill it becomes 0.
Easy.
EDIT
This is valid for intgere and for byte types, but do not use this technique on floating point numbers. By the way, it's pretty valuable solution for this question.

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