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Do upper case letters take up more memory? [closed]

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I'm trying to create a file system that will handle lots of searching through the directories. Would it make a difference if I used upper or lower case letters in terms of memory usage on the folder names?

Case does not affect the size of a character. Some characters take up different sizes in certain character encodings, but generally letters from the same language all have the same size.

No. Each character takes up the same amount of memory.
You can get into some technicalities with character sets and encoding, but unless you've got a really obscure one, uppercase and lowercase use the same number of bits.

No. Especially assuming that you're only using ascii characters.

No. Both are of type char which is defined in C# as 16-bit long numeric value. More reference:
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/x9h8tsay.aspx

A data type char must have at least big enough to contain an encoding of at least the 95 different characters which make up the basic execution character set.
This equals a minimum of 8 bits, or one byte. Meaning a or A in a variable char will at least require 1 byte. So no, it's the same.

C# Replace multiple spaces in a string with newline [closed]

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This questioned has been asked before in regard to other languages but I could't find anything on using regex or any other algorithm to solve this in C#.
For example:
Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of
the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on
Earth. Most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. (((((THIS SERIES OF SPACES HERE THAT SUGGEST THE END OF A PARAGRAPH))))
Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different
species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed
by proteins called reaction centers that contain green chlorophyll
pigments.
should be formatted as:
Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of
the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on
Earth.
Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species,
the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by
proteins called reaction centers that contain green chlorophyll
pigments.
How do I get this done?

var SpacedText = "Some sample text. This should be a new paragraph."
var NewlineText = Regex.Replace(SpacedText , #"\s{2,}", Environment.NewLine);
Change the 2 in the regex for however many spaces you want it to break on.
Environment.NewLine can be replaced with whatever newline delimiter you need (<br /> for html, or any listed here).

The best guess that I can think of is to match the end of sentence . and possible trailing whitespace, before also end of line, and replace it with . and carriage return/linefeed.
In this case the regex would be
\.\s*[\r\n]+
http://regex101.com/r/cU2tF9/1

Which Font type will show the difference O(alphabet) and 0(zero)? [closed]

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In c# i use the arial,times new roman,Curlz MT font types it will dispaly the O(alphabet) AND 0(ZERO) As A same ,which means string a="OT02O" its show like this.maxium no differenct between them. when i try to display in arial or something else it will display OTO2O.So i need to know which font will give the maximum difference between O and 0?

I suggest Consolas is better to show the differences between O(alphabet) and 0(zero)

Have you googled about this, Check the following links that i figure out to be relevent to your question:
Zero, Slashed Zero, Letter "O", Alt-0216 Ø and Phi Φ
Finding the Best Programmer's Font
'0', 'o' and 'O' are easily distinguished
Use the slashed 0 to solve this problem.

Best way to read a FASTA file in c# [closed]

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I have a FASTA file containing several protein sequences. The format is like
----------------------
>protein1
MYRALRLLARSRPLVRAPAAALASAPGLGGAAVPSFWPPNAAR
MASQNSFRIEYDTFGELKVPNDKYYGAQTVRSTMNFKIGGVTE
RMPTPVIKAFGILKRAAAEVNQDYGLDPKIANAIMKAADEVAE
GKLNDHFPLVVWQTGSGTQTNMNVNEVISNRAIEMLGGELGSK
IPVHPNDHVNKSQ
>protein2
MRSRPAGPALLLLLLFLGAAESVRRAQPPRRYTPDWPSLDSRP
LPAWFDEAKFGVFIHWGVFSVPAWGSEWFWWHWQGEGRPYQRF
MRDNYPPGFSYADFGPQFTARFFHPEEWADLFQAAGAKYVVLT
TKHHEGFTNW*
>protein3
MKTLLLLAVIMIFGLLQAHGNLVNFHRMIKLTTGKEAALSYGF
CHCGVGGRGSPKDATDRCCVTHDCCYKRLEKRGCGTKFLSYKF
SNSGSRITCAKQDSCRSQLCECDKAAATCFARNKTTY`
-----------------------------------
Is there a good way to read in this file and store the sequences separately?
Thanks

To do this one way is to:
Create a vector where each location
holds a name and the sequence
Go through the file line by line
If the line starts with > then add
an element to the end of the vector
and save the line.substring(1) to
the element as the protein name.
Initialize the sequence in the
element to equal "".
If the line.length == 0 then it is
blank and do nothing
Else the line doesn't start with >
then it is part of the sequence so
go current vector element.sequence
+= line. Thus way each line between >protein2 and >protein3 is
concatenated and saved to the
sequence of protein2

I think maybe a little more detail about the exact file structure could be helpful. Just looking at what you have (and a quick peek at the samples on wikipedia) suggest that the name of the protein is prepended with a >, followed by at least one line break, so that would be a good place to start.
You could split the file on newline, and look for a > character to determine the name.
From there it is a little less clear because I'm not sure if the sequence data is all in one line (no linebreaks) or if it could have linebreaks. If there are none, then you should be able to just store that sequence information, and move on to the next protein name. Something like this:
var reader = new StreamReader("C:\myfile.fasta");
while(true)
{
var line = reader.ReadLine();
if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(line))
break;
if(line.StartsWith(">"))
StoreProteinName(line);
else
StoreSequence(line);
}
If it were me, I would probably use TDD and some sample data to build out a simple parser, and then keep plugging in samples until I felt I had covered all of major variances in the format.

Can you use a language other than C#? There are excellent libraries for dealing with FASTA files and other biological sequence in Perl, Python, Ruby, Java, and R (off the top of my head). They're usually branded Bio* (i.e. BioPerl, BioJava, etc)
If you're interested in C or C++, check out the answers to this question over at Biostar:
http://biostar.stackexchange.com/questions/1516/c-c-libraries-for-bioinformatics
Do yourself a favor, and don't reinvent the wheel if you don't have to.

Validate a UK phone number [closed]

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How do I validate a UK phone number in C# using a regex?

The regex in the accepted answer does not match all valid UK numbers, as it is too restricive (additional number ranges have been opened up in the meanwhile such as 0203, which it sees as invalid).
UK phone numbers follow fairly simple rules:
They can be either 10 or 11 digits long (with the exception of some special numbers, but you're unlikely to need to validate those)
They consist of an area code followed by a local number. The area code varies in length between three and five digits, and the local portion of the number takes up the remaining length of the 10 or 11 digits. For all practical purposes, no-one ever quotes just the local portion of their number, so you can ignore the distinction now, except for how it affects formatting.
They start with zero.
The second digit can be anything. Currently no valid numbers start with 04 or 06, but there's nothing stopping these ranges coming into use in the future. (03 has recently been brought into use)
They can be formatted with a set of brackets and with spaces (one or more, in varying positions), but those are all entirely optional.
Therefore, a basic working expression for UK phone numbers could look like this:
/^\(?0( *\d\)?){9,10}$/
This will check for 10 or 11 digit numbers, starting with a zero, with formatting spaces between any of the digits, and optionally a set of brackets for the area code.
(and yes, this would allow mis-matched brackets, as I'm not checking that there's only one closing bracket. Enforcing this would make the expression a lot more complex, and I don't have time for this right now, but feel free to add this if you wish)
By the way, in case you want to do additional filtering, you might want to also note the following rules:
Numbers starting 08, 09 and 070 are special price numbers, and would not generally be given as private numbers, so can be excluded if validating a private number.
07 numbers are mobile (except 070; see above) so can be excluded if you're specifically validating for a landline.