My string contains the bytes (e.g 0x27), basically what I need to do is convert that string array which contains the byte data to a byte data type, so then I can encode it in UTF8, so it displays meaningful info.
1 string array contains:
0x37, 0x32, 0x2d, 0x38, 0x33, 0x39, 0x37, 0x32,0x2d, 0x30, 0x31
I need that converted to a byte array, is that possible?
My code is:
string strData;
string strRaw;
XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
xmlDoc.InnerXml = Data;
XmlElement xmlDocElement = xmlDoc.DocumentElement;
strData = xmlDocElement.GetAttribute("datalabel").ToString();
strRaw = xmlDocElement.GetAttribute("rawdata").ToString();
string[] arrData = strData.Split(' ');
string[] arrRaw = strRaw.Split(' ');
Thanks for any help.
To say the 'string contains the bytes' could be interpreted in a few ways. You can extract a string into bytes in a number of ways. Converting a string directly into bytes based on UTF8 encoding:
var inputBytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
There are of course similar methods for other encodings.
Ignore the above
Your comment changes the way the question reads quite a bit! If your strings are just hex (i.e. the bytes are not encoded into the string) just convert from hex to integers. Something like....
var b = Convert.ToUInt32(str.Substring(2), 16)
// For an array
var bytes = new byte[arrData.Length];
for(var i = 0; i < arrData.Length; i++) {
bytes[i] = (byte)Convert.ToUInt32(arrData[i].Substring(2), 16);
}
If you have each byte in a char and just want to convert it to a byte array without using an encoding, use;
string blip = "\x4A\x62";
byte[] blop = (from ch in blip select (byte)ch).ToArray();
If you want to convert it using UTF8 encoding right away, use
string blip = "\x4A\x62";
var blop = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(blip);
given your string is "0x37, 0x32, 0x2d, 0x38, 0x33, 0x39, 0x37, 0x32,0x2d, 0x30, 0x31" or similar you can get the byte values like this;
string input = "0x37, 0x32, 0x2d, 0x38, 0x33, 0x39, 0x37, 0x32, 0x2d, 0x30, 0x31";
string[] bytes = input.Split(new string[] { ", " }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
byte[] values = new byte[bytes.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++)
{
values[i] = byte.Parse(bytes[i].Substring(2,2), System.Globalization.NumberStyles.AllowHexSpecifier);
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}", values[i]));
}
once you have them you need to feed them into an apropriate Encoder/Decoder to get the string.
You should be able to do the following:
System.Text.UTF8Encoding encoding=new System.Text.UTF8Encoding();
byte[] bytes = encoding.GetBytes(str);
Related
I'm trying to decrypt data which was encrypted using pgcrypto. I didn't use an IV as it's only a test, but I can't decrypt the data in C#.
Encrypting in PostGres:
enc_key := '\\xAACE38F289EC3EA209B48D';
-- Time insertions
ts_start := clock_timestamp();
FOR i IN 1..num_loops LOOP
-- The text to insert and its key
plaintext := 'Number: ' || i;
plaintext_pk := gen_random_uuid();
plaintext_pk_as_text := plaintext_pk::text;
-- The ref entries
user_pk := gen_random_uuid();
user_ref_pk := encrypt(plaintext_pk_as_text::bytea, enc_key, 'aes');
-- Add the enries
INSERT INTO "Text" VALUES(plaintext_pk, plaintext);
INSERT INTO "User" VALUES(user_ref_pk, user_pk);
END LOOP;
ts_end := clock_timestamp();
elapsed_raw := cast(extract(epoch from (ts_end - ts_start)) as numeric(18,3));
Decrypting in C#:
// The decryption key
byte[] enc_key = new byte[] { 0xAA, 0xCE, 0x38, 0xF2, 0x89, 0xEC, 0x3E, 0xA2, 0x09, 0xB4, 0x8D,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
public static string AESDecryptByteArray(byte [] encoded_data, byte [] key)
{
string result = "";
byte [] result_ba = new byte[64];
using (Aes myAes = Aes.Create())
{
if (myAes == null)
{
throw new Exception("Failed to create AES object.");
}
myAes.Key = key;
myAes.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;
myAes.Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7;
MemoryStream streamMem = new MemoryStream(encoded_data);
byte[] IV = new byte[16];
// streamMem.Read(IV, 0, 16);
for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i )
{
IV[i] = 0;
}
myAes.IV = IV;
int iNumBytes = 0;
var decryptor = myAes.CreateDecryptor();
using (CryptoStream streamCrypt = new CryptoStream(streamMem, decryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Read))
{
iNumBytes = streamCrypt.Read(result_ba, 0, 48);
}
result = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(result_ba);
}
return result;
} // AESDecryptByteArray
I copied the resulting encrypted data from one of the rows, and the binary key, but the C# code keeps blowing with a CryptographicException ("Padding is invalid and cannot be removed") exception. My understanding is that pgcrypto's encrypt() defaults to cbc \ pkcs. Obviously, I'm missing something.
Any help gratefully received.
Adam.
Tried Michael's suggestion and was not getting the right results, of course. Found the issue. PG's string to bytea conversion is not for the unwary. The vital clue came from
DO $$
declare enc_data bytea;
enc_key bytea;
dec_bytea bytea;
dec_text text;
begin
enc_data := '\305\347fyau\030 \223\014E\307\346\267|\365R\3236l\322f\344\312z\220\271\207C\003\255\210+\316\330&\205l>\342\203\350\214$W\253\370D';
enc_key := '\\xAACE38F289EC3EA209B48D';
dec_bytea := decrypt(enc_data, enc_key, 'aes');
dec_text := dec_bytea::text;
raise info 'Decoded text -> %', dec_text;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tmpTable;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmpTable AS
select dec_text as "Decoded text",
char_length(dec_text) as "Decoded length",
length(enc_data) as "Encoded length",
enc_key as "Enc Key",
length(enc_key) as "Enc Key Len",
encode(enc_key, 'hex') as "Hex key",
encode(enc_key, 'escape') as "Esc key";
END $$;
select * from tmpTable;
This showed the binary key in PG was 24 bytes long - not 11 as I expected.
It was down to a misunderstanding on my part of how PG's string to bytea conversion works.
I thought "\\xAACE38F289EC3EA209B48D" would translate into an 11 byte array (https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/static/datatype-binary.html, section 8.4.1) but the doubled backslash is not needed.
So my string translates into '\', 'x', 'A' ... 'D' - a 24 byte array.
//
// In C# this is the key needed
//
byte[] enc_key_aaaahhhh =
new byte[] { 0x5c, 0x78, 0x41, 0x41, 0x43, 0x45, 0x33, 0x38,
0x46, 0x32, 0x38, 0x39, 0x45, 0x43, 0x33, 0x45,
0x41, 0x32, 0x30, 0x39, 0x42, 0x34, 0x38, 0x44 };
//
// This is wrong.
// For this key you'd need to enter '\xAACE38F289EC3EA209B48D' in PG - only one backslash
//
byte[] enc_key = new byte[] { 0xAA, 0xCE, 0x38, 0xF2, 0x89, 0xEC, 0x3E, 0xA2, 0x09, 0xB4, 0x8D,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
(Didn't help that I copied the wrong GUID into my C# code to compare against - the real GUID was "d6edd775-47c5-4779-a761-7f8297130073".)
Hope this maybe helps someone one day.
Adam.
I have a string text = 0a00...4c617374736e6e41. This string actually contains hex values as chars. What I am trying to do is to the following conversion, without changing e. g. the char a to 0x41;
text = 0a...4c617374736e6e41;
--> byte[] bytes = {0x0a, ..., 0x4c, 0x61, 0x73, 0x74, 0x73, 0x6e, 0x6e, 0x41};
This is what I tried to implement so far:
...
string text = "0a00...4c617374736e6e41";
var storage = StringToByteArray(text)
...
Console.ReadKey();
public static byte[] StringToByteArray(string text)
{
char[] buffer = new char[text.Length/2];
byte[] bytes = new byte[text.length/2];
using(StringReader sr = new StringReader(text))
{
int c = 0;
while(c <= text.Length)
{
sr.Read(buffer, 0, 2);
Console.WriteLine(buffer);
//How do I store the blocks in the byte array in the needed format?
c +=2;
}
}
}
The Console.WriteLine(buffer) gives me the two chars I need. But I have NO idea how to put them in the desired format.
Here are some links I already found in the topic, however I were not able to transfer that to my problem:
How would I read an ascii string of hex values in to a byte array?
How do you convert Byte Array to Hexadecimal String, and vice versa?
Try this
string text = "0a004c617374736e6e41";
List<byte> output = new List<byte>();
for (int i = 0; i < text.Length; i += 2)
{
output.Add(byte.Parse(text.Substring(i,2), System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber));
}
I am sending an API frame using the following code:
byte[] bytesToSend5 = new byte[]
{
0x7E, 0x00, 0x10, 0x01, 0x00, 0x13,
0xA2, 0x00, 0x40, 0xA6, 0x5E, 0x23,
0xFF, 0xFE, 0x02, 0x44, 0x37, 0x04, 0x4D
};
serialPort1.Write(bytesToSend5, 0, bytesToSend5.Length);
It's split up like this:
byte[] bytesToSend5 = new byte[]
{
5Startbits(won't change),
8IDbits(changes when a part of the device is swapped),
6determinationbits(tells the device what to do),
1checksumbit(calculated based on previous bits)
};
The first code example works as is desired with the current product. If, for whatever reason, a part of the device needs to be changed, it will not work because the ID bits won't fit. The ID number is printed on the device, 16 digits with numbers and letters, such as "0013A20043A25E86".
What I want to do is make a textbox where the user can input the new ID number and it will be replaced with the appropriate bits in the aforementioned byte array.
Here is my attempt using the Array.Copy function, trying to display the result in a textbox - but no change is detected. I've tried typing "1" "1,2,3" etc as well as the actual ID's "0013A20043A25E86":
string xbee_serienr = prop1_serienr.Text;
byte[] front = { 0x7E, 0x00, 0x10, 0x17, 0x01 };
byte[] back = { 0xFF, 0xFE, 0x02, 0x44, 0x37, 0x04 };
string[] xbee = { xbee_serienr };
byte[] combined = new byte[front.Length + xbee.Length + back.Length];
Array.Copy(front, combined, front.Length);
Array.Copy(back, 0, combined, 5, back.Length);
var result = string.Join(",", combined.Select(x => x.ToString()).ToArray());
OutputWindow.Text = result;
It would have to be possible to change the 8ID bits based on user input, and calculate the last checksum bit based on the rest of the bits.
I have searched the internet and tried Array.copy, Concat etc. but I haven't made any progress with it. Any guidance or input on this would be highly appreciated, even if it means guiding me in a direction of taking a different approach.
EDIT:
I now have the desired information in the byte array "result" using roughly the same example as below (taking user input for the var "xbee_serienr"). I now want to pass this to a method that looks like this:
private void button_D07_Lav_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
byte[] bytesToSend5 = new byte[] { 0x7E, 0x00, 0x10, 0x01, 0x00, 0x13, 0xA2, 0x00, 0x40, 0xA6, 0x5E, 0x23, 0xFF, 0xFE, 0x02, 0x44, 0x37, 0x04, 0x4D };
serialPort1.Write(bytesToSend5, 0, bytesToSend5.Length);
And make the "bytesToSend5" use the array "result" from the other method.
I've tried using this example, like so:
byte result { get; set; } //above and outside of the two methods
var result = string.Join(string.Empty, combined.Select(x => x.ToString("X2")).ToArray()); //this is the end of the first method
private void button_D07_Lav_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
byte[] bytesToSend5 = new byte[] { 0x7E, 0x00, 0x10, 0x01, 0x00, 0x13, 0xA2, 0x00, 0x40, 0xA6, 0x5E, 0x23, 0xFF, 0xFE, 0x02, 0x44, 0x37, 0x04, 0x4D };
bytesToSend5 = result; //using the array stored in result instead of the one currently in bytesToSend5.
serialPort1.Write(bytesToSend5, 0, bytesToSend5.Length);
}
I realize the obvious problem here, that it's not on the same form. This is why I wanted to split the array and add 0x in front of every item in the array, and separate them with commas.
I'm also going to use this for several different devices once I figure it out properly, which makes me fear there will be a lot of duplicated code, but I suspect once I'm understanding how to pass and use the array in a different method, I can always "duplicate" the code for every device, since the ID will indeed need to be different for the different devices.
Well, you never add the parsed string.
var xbee_serienr = "0013A20043A25E86";
byte[] front = { 0x7E, 0x00, 0x10, 0x17, 0x01 };
byte[] back = { 0xFF, 0xFE, 0x02, 0x44, 0x37, 0x04 };
var xbee = new byte[xbee_serienr.Length / 2];
for (var i = 0; i < xbee.Length; i++)
{
xbee[i] = byte.Parse(xbee_serienr.Substring(i * 2, 2), NumberStyles.HexNumber);
}
byte[] combined;
using (var ms = new MemoryStream(front.Length + xbee.Length + back.Length))
{
ms.Write(front, 0, front.Length);
ms.Write(xbee, 0, xbee.Length);
ms.Write(back, 0, back.Length);
combined = ms.ToArray();
}
var result = string.Join(string.Empty, combined.Select(x => x.ToString("X2")).ToArray());
Since you're adding multiple arrays one after another, I just used a MemoryStream. If you already have the byte[] ready (and mutable), you can write directly to that byte array and avoid allocating (and collecting) the extra array, but it doesn't make much of a difference when the limiting factor is the UI anyway.
Right now, I'm creating a reader for a file.
When I do the split with Encoding.Unicode, the result just returns the original string for some reason.
Here's the code:
string thefile = File.ReadAllText("file.bin", Encoding.Unicode); // also does the same if I do GetString() and ReadAllBytes
byte[] delim = { 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00 };
string delims = Encoding.Unicode.GetStfring(delim);
string[] sep = new string[] { delims };
string[] res = thefile.Split(sep, StringSplitOptions.None);
int curr = 0;
foreach(string result in res)
{
byte[] thing = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(res[curr]);
File.WriteAllBytes("split" + curr, thing);
curr++;
}
This doesn't happen if I use Encoding.UTF8, but some data is lost (FF -> EF BF BD in hex).
Does anyone have any suggestions?
I have a string and want to convert it to a byte array of hex value using C#.
for eg, "Hello World!" to byte[] val=new byte[] {0x48, 0x65, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6F, 0x20, 0x57, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x6C, 0x64, 0x21};,
I see the following code in Converting string value to hex decimal
string input = "Hello World!";
char[] values = input.ToCharArray();
foreach (char letter in values)
{
// Get the integral value of the character.
int value = Convert.ToInt32(letter);
// Convert the decimal value to a hexadecimal value in string form.
string hexOutput = String.Format("0x{0:X}", value);
Console.WriteLine("Hexadecimal value of {0} is {1}", letter, hexOutput);
}
I want this value into byte array but can't write like this
byte[] yy = new byte[values.Length];
yy[i] = Convert.ToByte(Convert.ToInt32(hexOutput));
I try this code referenced from How to convert a String to a Hex Byte Array? where I passed the hex value 48656C6C6F20576F726C6421 but I got the decimal value not hex.
public byte[] ToByteArray(String HexString)
{
int NumberChars = HexString.Length;
byte[] bytes = new byte[NumberChars / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < NumberChars; i += 2)
{
bytes[i / 2] = Convert.ToByte(HexString.Substring(i, 2), 16);
}
return bytes;
}
and I also try code from How can I convert a hex string to a byte array?
But once I used Convert.ToByte or byte.Parse , the value change to decimal value.
How should I do?
Thanks in advance
I want to send 0x80 (i.e, 128) to serial port but when I copy and paste the character equivalent to 128 to the variable 'input' and convert to byte, I got 63 (0x3F). So I think I need to send hex array. I think I got the wrong idea. Pls see screen shot.
For now, I solve this to combine byte arrays.
string input = "Hello World!";
byte[] header = new byte[] { 2, 48, 128 };
byte[] body = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(input);
Hexadecimal has nothing to do with this, your desired result is nothing more nor less than an array of bytes containing the ASCII codes.
Try Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s)
There's something strange with your requirement:
I have a string and want to convert it to a byte array of hex value
using C#.
An byte is just an 8-bit value. You can present it as decimal (e.g. 16) or hexidecimal (e.g. 0x10).
So, what do you realy want?
In case you are really wanting to get a string which contains the hex representation of an array of bytes, here's how you can do that:
public static string BytesAsString(byte[] bytes)
{
string hex = BitConverter.ToString(bytes); // This puts "-" between each value.
return hex.Replace("-",""); // So we remove "-" here.
}
It seems like you’re mixing converting to array and displaying array data.
When you have array of bytes it’s just array of bytes and you can represent it in any possible way binary, decimal, hexadecimal, octal, whatever… but that is only valid if you want to visually represent these.
Here is a code that manually converts string to byte array and then to array of strings in hex format.
string s1 = "Stack Overflow :)";
byte[] bytes = new byte[s1.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < s1.Length; i++)
{
bytes[i] = Convert.ToByte(s1[i]);
}
List<string> hexStrings = new List<string>();
foreach (byte b in bytes)
{
hexStrings.Add(Convert.ToInt32(b).ToString("X"));
}