Develop Reference

429 Too many requests only production server side, not localhost, not browser

I readed this post: C# (429) Too Many Requests
and i understod the responde code but... why only return this status code when the call is done from server side (backend) and production mode (hosted)? the service never return this code when call (the same service) from chrome's navigate url or when i do the call server side (backend) but my localhost.
CASE 1 (works fine in localhost - the service url is not localhost, is hosted)
App A (localhost) call App B (hosted) --> works fine
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
{
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
client.BaseAddress = new Uri(url);
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
String response = client.GetStringAsync(urlParameters).Result;
client.Dispose();
}
CASE 2 (work fine)
Chrome navigator call App B (hosted) --> works fine
CASE 3 (similar to case 1 but too less requests - NOT WORK)
App A (hosted) call App B (hosted) --> 429
Why? What is the problem? How can solve it?

What's Happening
The HTTP 429 response code indicates you have been rate limited. The idea is to prevent one caller from overwhelming a service, making it less availabe to other callers.
Most Common
That limiting can be based on many things. Most common are
Number of calls per unit time (usually per second)
Number of concurrent calls
The General Case
A rate limiter may also forgive a short burst of calls that happens occasionally, may allow more calls before hitting the brakes based on who you are (using your IP or an API key for example), dynamically adjust its limits based on total system load, or do other things.
Probably Happening Here
Based on your description, I would guess the number of concurrent calls could be causing production rate limiting. Rather than hitting the external API hard trying to guess what the rules are, try reaching out to them to ask. If that is not an option, running multiple requests in parallel could validate this theory.
Handling
A great way to deal with this is to back off your requests when you receive an HTTP 429.
The service should return a Retry-After header indicating how many seconds you should wait before trying again. If it does, wait that long before resubmitting your request.
If the service does not provide that header (I work with a major one that does not), use exponential backoff instead.
Depending on your needs, you may want to tell your own caller to try again later (return an HTTP 429 yourself) or you may want to queue up pending requests and work off the queue to submit them all.
Preventing
If you know the rate limits, you can pre-emptively limit your outbound call rate so you get into this situation less often.
For call-per-second limits, you can use a counter variable that you reset (in a thread-safe way) every second. If the known call limit would be exceeded, calculate when the counter will reset (store a timestamp when it does) and delay processing that long.
For a concurrent-call limit, a SemaphoreSlim works nicely. Set the maximum count to whatever your concurrent rate limit is. Acquire the semaphore before making a request and release it (in a finally block) after your call completes.
If you have multiple servers subject to the same rate limit (e.g. if rate limiting is based on an API key rather than IP address), it gets harder to self-limit, but you can set self-limiting parameters (calls per second and concurrent calls) in a configuration file, and tune them over time to maximize your throughput without hitting excessive HTTP 429's.

MongoDB connection problems on Azure

We have an ASP.NET MVC application deployed to an Azure Website that connects to MongoDB and does both read and write operations. The application does this iteratively. A few thousand times per minute.
We initialize the C# driver using Autofac and we set the MaxConnectionIdleTime to 45 seconds as suggested in https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/mongodb-user/_Z8YepNHnbI and a few other places.
We are still getting a large number of the below error:
Unable to read data from the transport connection: A connection
attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond
after a period of time, or established connection failed because
connected host has failed to respond. Method
Message:":{"ClassName":"System.IO.IOException","Message":"Unable to
read data from the transport connection: A connection attempt failed
because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of
time, or established connection failed because connected host has
failed to respond.
We get this error while connecting to both a MongoDB instance deployed on a VM in the same datacenter/region on Azure and also while connecting to an external PaaS MongoDB provider.
I run the same code in my local computer and connect to the same DB and I don't receive these errors. It's only when I deploy the code to an Azure Website.
Any suggestions?

A few thousand requests per minute is a big load, and the only way to do it right, is by controlling and limiting the maximum number of threads which could be running at any one time.
As there's not much information posted as to how you've implemented this. I'm going to cover a few possible circumstances.
Time to experiment...
The constants:
Items to process:
50 per second, or in other words...
3,000 per minute, and one more way to look at it...
180,000 per hour
The variables:
Data transfer rates:
How much data you can transfer per second is going to play a role no matter what we do, and this will vary through out the day depending on the time of day.
The only thing we can do is fire off more requests from different cpu's to distribute the weight of traffic we're sending back n forth.
Processing power:
I'm assuming you have this in a WebJob as opposed to having this coded inside the MVC site it's self. It's highly inefficient and not fit for the purpose that you're trying to achieve. By using a WebJob we can queue work items to be processed by other WebJobs. The queue in question is the Azure Queue Storage.
Azure Queue storage is a service for storing large numbers of messages
that can be accessed from anywhere in the world via authenticated
calls using HTTP or HTTPS. A single queue message can be up to 64 KB
in size, and a queue can contain millions of messages, up to the total
capacity limit of a storage account. A storage account can contain up
to 200 TB of blob, queue, and table data. See Azure Storage
Scalability and Performance Targets for details about storage account
capacity.
Common uses of Queue storage include:
Creating a backlog of work to process asynchronously
Passing messages from an Azure Web role to an Azure Worker role
The issues:
We're attempting to complete 50 transactions per second, so each transaction should be done in under 1 second if we were utilising 50 threads. Our 45 second time out serves no purpose at this point.
We're expecting 50 threads to run concurrently, and all complete in under a second, every second, on a single cpu. (I'm exaggerating a point here, just to make a point... but imagine downloading 50 text files every single second. Processing it, then trying to shoot it back over to a colleague in the hopes they'll even be ready to catch it)
We need to have a retry logic in place, if after 3 attempts the item isn't processed, they need to be placed back in to the queue. Ideally we should be providing more time to the server to respond than just one second with each failure, lets say that we gave it a 2 second break on first failure, then 4 seconds, then 10, this will greatly increase the odds of us persisting / retrieving the data that we needed.
We're assuming that our MongoDb can handle this number of requests per second. If you haven't already, start looking at ways to scale it out, the issue isn't in the fact that it's a MongoDb, the data layer could have been anything, it's the fact that we're making this number of requests from a single source that is going to be the most likely cause of your issues.
The solution:
Set up a WebJob and name it EnqueueJob. This WebJob will have one sole purpose, to queue items of work to be process in the Queue Storage.
Create a Queue Storage Container named WorkItemQueue, this queue will act as a trigger to the next step and kick off our scaling out operations.
Create another WebJob named DequeueJob. This WebJob will also have one sole purpose, to dequeue the work items from the WorkItemQueue and fire out the requests to your data store.
Configure the DequeueJob to spin up once an item has been placed inside the WorkItemQueue, start 5 separate threads on each and while the queue is not empty, dequeue work items for each thread and attempt to execute the dequeued job.
Attempt 1, if fail, wait & retry.
Attempt 2, if fail, wait & retry.
Attempt 3, if fail, enqueue item back to WorkItemQueue
Configure your website to autoscale out to x amount of cpu's (note that your website and web jobs share the same resources)
Here's a short 10 minute video that gives an overview on how to utilise queue storages and web jobs.
Edit:
Another reason you may be getting those errors could be because of two other factors as well, again caused by it being in an MVC app...
If you're compiling the application with the DEBUG attribute applied but pushing the RELEASE version instead, you could be running into issues due to the settings in your web.config, without the DEBUG attribute, an ASP.NET web application will run a request for a maximum of 90 seconds, if the request takes longer than this, it will dispose of the request.
To increase the timeout to longer than 90 seconds you will need to change the [httpRuntime][3] property in your web.config...
<!-- Increase timeout to five minutes -->
<httpRuntime executionTimeout="300" />
The other thing that you need to be aware of is the request timeout settings of your browser > web app, I'd say that if you insist on keeping the code in MVC as opposed to extracting it and putting it into a WebJob, then you can use the following code to fire a request off to your web app and offset the timeout of the request.
string html = string.Empty;
string uri = "http://google.com";
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri);
request.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5);
using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResonse)request.GetResponse())
using (Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream())
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream))
{
html = reader.ReadToEnd();
}

Are you using mongoDB in a VM? It seems to be a network problem. This kind of transient faults should occur, so the best you can do is implement a retry pattern or use a lib such as Polly to do that:
Policy
.Handle<IOException>()
.Retry(3, (exception, retryCount) =>
{
// do something
});
https://github.com/michael-wolfenden/Polly

Faulted WCF duplex callback after inactivity - keep alive long-running push notifications

In short
How to prevent a duplex callback channel to be closed after an idle period?
In detail
I have a mostly working duplex WCF setup over NetTcpBinding i.e. the client can talk to the server and the server can call back to the client.
Furthermore, I have a reliable session such that the client does not lose the connection to the server after the default period of inactivity, achieved with the following configuration on both client and server:
var binding = new NetTcpBinding(SecurityMode.None);
// Need to prevent channel being closed after inactivity
// i.e. need to prevent the exception: This channel can no longer be used to send messages as the output session was auto-closed due to a server-initiated shutdown. Either disable auto-close by setting the DispatchRuntime.AutomaticInputSessionShutdown to false, or consider modifying the shutdown protocol with the remote server.
binding.ReceiveTimeout = TimeSpan.MaxValue;
binding.ReliableSession.Enabled = true;
binding.ReliableSession.InactivityTimeout = TimeSpan.MaxValue;
However, after a period of inactivity of less than half an hour (haven't measured the minimum time exactly), the server is unable to use the callback again - the server just blocks for a minute or so and I do not see any exceptions, while nothing happens on the client side (no evidence of callback).
Leads and root causes?
Note that I can use the callback fine twice in a row consecutively, as long as I do not wait long in between the callback calls.
Are the callbacks configured somewhere else? Do callbacks have their own timeouts etc?
Might it be a blocking/threading issue - need to either set UseSynchronizationContext=false on your client, or avoid blocking while waiting for the message to be received
Should DispatchRuntime.AutomaticInputSessionShutdown be set to false, and if so, how? I'm not really sure how it relates to reliable sessions and I do not know where to access this property
Anything else?

I achieved this by extending the BaseClient class with an automatic keep alive message to be invoked on the target interface when no other calls are made.

How to get the number of open/faulted channels for a WCF service?

I know I can use ServiceThrottlingBehavior to set how many concurrent sessions I'd like the service to support but in order to come up with the best values I'm trying to find out what's actually being used at different hours of the day. I'd like to expose a service method to return this live data or in the minimal case, log it.
Is there any way in a WCF service to see how many channels are currently open and/or in the faulted state?

After you "Open" your web service, your program or windows service (however your running it) should execute loop that monitors the status of your connections. If a connection faults, for instance, the program running the web service will not know about the fault unless you query the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState(repeatedly).
'execution basically stops here to loop through and check the status of host services
While True
For ii = 0 To i - 1 'i = count of started web services, -1 for zero index offset
'check for broken connection case
If objServiceHost(ii).State <> CommunicationState.Opened Then
Throw New Exception("SynchronizationWS Service Host failed.")
Exit While
End If
Next
Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000) 'sleep 1 second before going trying next
End While
You might try something like this.

ServicePoint safety checks to prevent blocking on new HttpWebRequests

I'm using a 3rd party library that makes a number of http calls. By decompiling the code, I've determined that it is creating and using raw HttpWebRequest's, all going to a single URL. The issue is that some of the requests don't get closed properly. After some time, all new HttpWebRequest's block forever when the library calls GetRequestStream()* on them. I've determined this blocking is due to the ConnectionLimit on the ServicePoint for that particular host, which has the default value of 2. In other words, the library has opened 2 requests, and then tries to open a 3rd, which blocks.
I want to protect against this blocking. The library is fairly resilient and will reconnect itself, so it's okay if I kill the existing connections it has made. The problem is that I don't have access to any of the HttpWebRequest or HttpWebResponses this library makes. However I do know the URL it accesses and therefore I can access the ServicePoint for it.
var sp = ServicePointManager.FindServicePoint(new Uri("http://UrlThatIKnowAbout.com"));
(Note: KeepAlive is enabled on these HttpWebRequests)

This worked, though I'm not sure it's the best way to solve the problem.
Get the service point object for the url
var sp = ServicePointManager.FindServicePoint(new Uri("http://UrlThatIKnowAbout.com"));
Increase the ConnectionLimit to int.MaxValue
Create a background thread that periodically checks the ConnectionCount on the service point. If it goes above 5, call CloseConnectionGroup()
Set MaxIdleTime to 1 hour (instead of default)
Setting the ConnectionLimit should prevent the blocking. The monitor thread will ensure that too many connections are never active at the same time. Setting MaxIdleTime should serve as a fall back.