Related
The situation:
Need to fetch a list of all subkeys of a particular registry key.
Need to access both 32bit and 64bit software keys, so I cannot use the Registry namespace.
Using CSharp in .Net 3.5, and registry functionality from advapi32.dll
I have most of the functionality working but I'm stuck on an error. When it reaches a key that contains values, it will either skip it or throw the following error:
"Unhandled exception at 0x00C819CD in xxxxx.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation writing location 0x00720077."
If the error occurs, it does not land in either of my catch statements. It hard crashes the program. From what I've read on the forums, I believe it may be an issue with it writing to protected memory but all of the examples I see are for C++
My Declaration (from P/Invoke Interop Assistant):
[DllImportAttribute("advapi32.dll", EntryPoint = "RegEnumKeyExW")]
public static extern int RegEnumKeyExW(
[InAttribute()] IntPtr hKey,
uint dwIndex,
[OutAttribute()] [MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] StringBuilder lpName,
ref uint lpcchName,
IntPtr lpReserved,
IntPtr lpClass,
IntPtr lpcchClass,
IntPtr lpftLastWriteTime);
My Function (obviously a work in progress so it's a bit messy):
static private List<string> GetSubKeys(UIntPtr inHive, String inKeyName, RegSAM in32or64key) {
int hkey = 0;
uint dwIndex = 0;
long enumStatus = 0;
List<string> keys = new List<string>();
try {
uint lResult = RegOpenKeyEx(
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
inKeyName,
0,
(int)RegSAM.QueryValue | (int)RegSAM.EnumerateSubKeys | (int)in32or64key,
out hkey);
if (lResult == 0) {
while (enumStatus == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
StringBuilder lpName = new StringBuilder();
uint lpcchName = 256;
IntPtr lpReserved = IntPtr.Zero;
IntPtr lpClass = IntPtr.Zero;
IntPtr lpcchClass = IntPtr.Zero;
IntPtr lpftLastWriteTime = IntPtr.Zero;
enumStatus = RegEnumKeyExW(
(IntPtr)hkey,
dwIndex,
lpName,
ref lpcchName,
lpReserved,
lpClass,
lpcchClass,
lpftLastWriteTime);
switch (enumStatus) {
case ERROR_SUCCESS:
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Key Found: {0}", lpName.ToString()));
break;
case ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS:
break;
default:
string error = new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception((int)enumStatus).Message;
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("RegEnumKeyEx Error: {0}", error));
break;
}
dwIndex++;
}
} else {
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("RegOpenKey Error: {0}", lResult));
}
} catch (System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException ex) {
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("COM Error: {0}", ex.Message));
} catch (Exception ex) {
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Managed Error: {0}", ex.Message));
} finally {
if (0 != hkey) RegCloseKey(hkey);
}
return keys;
}
#endregion
StringBuilder lpName = new StringBuilder();
uint lpcchName = 256;
You are lying about the StringBuilder's capacity. It is 0, not 256. This will cause the pinvoke call to corrupt the GC heap. This eventually causes a hard crash, typically when a garbage collection takes place. Fix:
uint lpcchName = 256;
StringBuilder lpName = new StringBuilder(lpcchName);
Using the .NET RegistryKey.GetSubKeyNames() method instead would probably be wise.
Use the same way as. net4.0
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string displayName;
List<string> gInstalledSoftware = new List<string>();
using (var localMachine = RegistryKey.OpenBaseKey(RegistryHive.LocalMachine, RegistryView.Registry64))
{
var key = localMachine.OpenSubKey(#"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall", false);
foreach (String keyName in key.GetSubKeyNames())
{
RegistryKey subkey = key.OpenSubKey(keyName);
displayName = subkey.GetValue("DisplayName") as string;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(displayName))
continue;
gInstalledSoftware.Add(displayName);
}
}
}
You can try using. net source code to solve this problem. etc.
public class RegistryKey:
IDisposable
{
internal static readonly IntPtr HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT = new IntPtr(unchecked((int)0x80000000));
internal static readonly IntPtr HKEY_CURRENT_USER = new IntPtr(unchecked((int)0x80000001));
internal static readonly IntPtr HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE = new IntPtr(unchecked((int)0x80000002));
internal static readonly IntPtr HKEY_USERS = new IntPtr(unchecked((int)0x80000003));
internal static readonly IntPtr HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA = new IntPtr(unchecked((int)0x80000004));
internal static readonly IntPtr HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG = new IntPtr(unchecked((int)0x80000005));
private static readonly String[] hkeyNames = new String[] {
"HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT",
"HKEY_CURRENT_USER",
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE",
"HKEY_USERS",
"HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA",
"HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG",
};
public Object GetValue(String name)
{
return InternalGetValue(name, null, false, true);
}
internal Object InternalGetValue(String name, Object defaultValue, bool doNotExpand, bool checkSecurity)
{
Object data = defaultValue;
int type = 0;
int datasize = 0;
int ret = Win32Native.RegQueryValueEx(hkey, name, null, ref type, (byte[])null, ref datasize);
if (ret != 0)
{
if (IsPerfDataKey())
{
int size = 65000;
int sizeInput = size;
int r;
byte[] blob = new byte[size];
while (Win32Native.ERROR_MORE_DATA == (r = Win32Native.RegQueryValueEx(hkey, name, null, ref type, blob, ref sizeInput)))
{
if (size == Int32.MaxValue)
{
// ERROR_MORE_DATA was returned however we cannot increase the buffer size beyond Int32.MaxValue
//Win32Error(r, name);
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("[{0}] [{1}]", r,name));
}
else if (size > (Int32.MaxValue / 2))
{
// at this point in the loop "size * 2" would cause an overflow
size = Int32.MaxValue;
}
else
{
size *= 2;
}
sizeInput = size;
blob = new byte[size];
}
if (r != 0)
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("[{0}] [{1}]", r, name));
return blob;
}
else
{
// For stuff like ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND, we want to return null (data).
// Some OS's returned ERROR_MORE_DATA even in success cases, so we
// want to continue on through the function.
if (ret != Win32Native.ERROR_MORE_DATA)
return data;
}
}
if (datasize < 0)
{
// unexpected code path
//BCLDebug.Assert(false, "[InternalGetValue] RegQueryValue returned ERROR_SUCCESS but gave a negative datasize");
datasize = 0;
}
switch (type)
{
case Win32Native.REG_NONE:
case Win32Native.REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN:
case Win32Native.REG_BINARY:
{
byte[] blob = new byte[datasize];
ret = Win32Native.RegQueryValueEx(hkey, name, null, ref type, blob, ref datasize);
data = blob;
}
break;
case Win32Native.REG_QWORD:
{ // also REG_QWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN
if (datasize > 8)
{
// prevent an AV in the edge case that datasize is larger than sizeof(long)
goto case Win32Native.REG_BINARY;
}
long blob = 0;
//BCLDebug.Assert(datasize==8, "datasize==8");
// Here, datasize must be 8 when calling this
ret = Win32Native.RegQueryValueEx(hkey, name, null, ref type, ref blob, ref datasize);
data = blob;
}
break;
case Win32Native.REG_DWORD:
{ // also REG_DWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN
if (datasize > 4)
{
// prevent an AV in the edge case that datasize is larger than sizeof(int)
goto case Win32Native.REG_QWORD;
}
int blob = 0;
// Here, datasize must be four when calling this
ret = Win32Native.RegQueryValueEx(hkey, name, null, ref type, ref blob, ref datasize);
data = blob;
}
break;
case Win32Native.REG_SZ:
{
if (datasize % 2 == 1)
{
// handle the case where the registry contains an odd-byte length (corrupt data?)
try
{
datasize = checked(datasize + 1);
}
catch (OverflowException e)
{
throw new IOException(("Arg_RegGetOverflowBug"), e);
}
}
char[] blob = new char[datasize / 2];
ret = Win32Native.RegQueryValueEx(hkey, name, null, ref type, blob, ref datasize);
if (blob.Length > 0 && blob[blob.Length - 1] == (char)0)
{
data = new String(blob, 0, blob.Length - 1);
}
else
{
// in the very unlikely case the data is missing null termination,
// pass in the whole char[] to prevent truncating a character
data = new String(blob);
}
}
break;
case Win32Native.REG_EXPAND_SZ:
{
if (datasize % 2 == 1)
{
// handle the case where the registry contains an odd-byte length (corrupt data?)
try
{
datasize = checked(datasize + 1);
}
catch (OverflowException e)
{
throw new IOException(("Arg_RegGetOverflowBug"), e);
}
}
char[] blob = new char[datasize / 2];
ret = Win32Native.RegQueryValueEx(hkey, name, null, ref type, blob, ref datasize);
if (blob.Length > 0 && blob[blob.Length - 1] == (char)0)
{
data = new String(blob, 0, blob.Length - 1);
}
else
{
// in the very unlikely case the data is missing null termination,
// pass in the whole char[] to prevent truncating a character
data = new String(blob);
}
if (!doNotExpand)
data = Environment.ExpandEnvironmentVariables((String)data);
}
break;
case Win32Native.REG_MULTI_SZ:
{
if (datasize % 2 == 1)
{
// handle the case where the registry contains an odd-byte length (corrupt data?)
try
{
datasize = checked(datasize + 1);
}
catch (OverflowException e)
{
throw new IOException(("Arg_RegGetOverflowBug"), e);
}
}
char[] blob = new char[datasize / 2];
ret = Win32Native.RegQueryValueEx(hkey, name, null, ref type, blob, ref datasize);
// make sure the string is null terminated before processing the data
if (blob.Length > 0 && blob[blob.Length - 1] != (char)0)
{
try
{
char[] newBlob = new char[checked(blob.Length + 1)];
for (int i = 0; i < blob.Length; i++)
{
newBlob[i] = blob[i];
}
newBlob[newBlob.Length - 1] = (char)0;
blob = newBlob;
}
catch (OverflowException e)
{
throw new IOException(("Arg_RegGetOverflowBug"), e);
}
blob[blob.Length - 1] = (char)0;
}
IList<String> strings = new List<String>();
int cur = 0;
int len = blob.Length;
while (ret == 0 && cur < len)
{
int nextNull = cur;
while (nextNull < len && blob[nextNull] != (char)0)
{
nextNull++;
}
if (nextNull < len)
{
//BCLDebug.Assert(blob[nextNull] == (char)0, "blob[nextNull] should be 0");
if (nextNull - cur > 0)
{
strings.Add(new String(blob, cur, nextNull - cur));
}
else
{
// we found an empty string. But if we're at the end of the data,
// it's just the extra null terminator.
if (nextNull != len - 1)
strings.Add(String.Empty);
}
}
else
{
strings.Add(new String(blob, cur, len - cur));
}
cur = nextNull + 1;
}
data = new String[strings.Count];
strings.CopyTo((String[])data, 0);
}
break;
case Win32Native.REG_LINK:
default:
break;
}
return data;
}
public String[] GetSubKeyNames()
{
return InternalGetSubKeyNames();
}
public RegistryKey OpenSubKey(string name, bool writable=false)
{
name = FixupName(name); // Fixup multiple slashes to a single slash
SafeRegistryHandle result = null;
int ret = Win32Native.RegOpenKeyEx(hkey,
name,
0,
GetRegistryKeyAccess(writable) | (int)regView,
out result);
if (ret == 0 && !result.IsInvalid)
{
RegistryKey key = new RegistryKey(result, writable, false, remoteKey, false, regView);
key.checkMode = GetSubKeyPermissonCheck(writable);
key.keyName = keyName + "\\" + name;
return key;
}
// Return null if we didn't find the key.
if (ret == Win32Native.ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED || ret == Win32Native.ERROR_BAD_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL)
{
// We need to throw SecurityException here for compatibility reasons,
// although UnauthorizedAccessException will make more sense.
//ThrowHelper.ThrowSecurityException(ExceptionResource.Security_RegistryPermission);
}
return null;
}
private const int MaxKeyLength = 255;
internal unsafe String[] InternalGetSubKeyNames()
{
int subkeys = InternalSubKeyCount();
String[] names = new String[subkeys]; // Returns 0-length array if empty.
if (subkeys > 0)
{
char[] name = new char[MaxKeyLength + 1];
int namelen;
fixed (char* namePtr = &name[0])
{
for (int i = 0; i < subkeys; i++)
{
namelen = name.Length; // Don't remove this. The API's doesn't work if this is not properly initialised.
int ret = Win32Native.RegEnumKeyEx(hkey,
i,
namePtr,
ref namelen,
null,
null,
null,
null);
if (ret != 0)
//Win32Error(ret, null);
Console.WriteLine(ret);
names[i] = new String(namePtr);
}
}
}
return names;
}
internal int InternalSubKeyCount()
{
int subkeys = 0;
int junk = 0;
int ret = Win32Native.RegQueryInfoKey(hkey,
null,
null,
IntPtr.Zero,
ref subkeys, // subkeys
null,
null,
ref junk, // values
null,
null,
null,
null);
if (ret != 0)
//Win32Error(ret, null);
Console.WriteLine(ret);
return subkeys;
}
public static RegistryKey OpenBaseKey(RegistryHive hKey, RegistryView view)
{
return GetBaseKey((IntPtr)((int)hKey), view);
}
internal static RegistryKey GetBaseKey(IntPtr hKey, RegistryView view)
{
int index = ((int)hKey) & 0x0FFFFFFF;
//BCLDebug.Assert(index >= 0 && index < hkeyNames.Length, "index is out of range!");
//BCLDebug.Assert((((int)hKey) & 0xFFFFFFF0) == 0x80000000, "Invalid hkey value!");
bool isPerf = hKey == HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA;
// only mark the SafeHandle as ownsHandle if the key is HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA.
SafeRegistryHandle srh = new SafeRegistryHandle(hKey, isPerf);
RegistryKey key = new RegistryKey(srh, true, true, false, isPerf, view);
key.checkMode = RegistryKeyPermissionCheck.Default;
key.keyName = hkeyNames[index];
return key;
}
private volatile SafeRegistryHandle hkey = null;
private volatile int state = 0;
private volatile String keyName;
private volatile bool remoteKey = false;
private volatile RegistryKeyPermissionCheck checkMode;
private volatile RegistryView regView = RegistryView.Default;
private const int STATE_DIRTY = 0x0001;
// SystemKey indicates that this is a "SYSTEMKEY" and shouldn't be "opened"
// or "closed".
//
private const int STATE_SYSTEMKEY = 0x0002;
// Access
//
private const int STATE_WRITEACCESS = 0x0004;
// Indicates if this key is for HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA
private const int STATE_PERF_DATA = 0x0008;
private RegistryKey(SafeRegistryHandle hkey, bool writable, bool systemkey, bool remoteKey, bool isPerfData, RegistryView view)
{
this.hkey = hkey;
this.keyName = "";
this.remoteKey = remoteKey;
this.regView = view;
if (systemkey)
{
this.state |= STATE_SYSTEMKEY;
}
if (writable)
{
this.state |= STATE_WRITEACCESS;
}
if (isPerfData)
this.state |= STATE_PERF_DATA;
}
private RegistryKeyPermissionCheck GetSubKeyPermissonCheck(bool subkeyWritable)
{
if (checkMode == RegistryKeyPermissionCheck.Default)
{
return checkMode;
}
if (subkeyWritable)
{
return RegistryKeyPermissionCheck.ReadWriteSubTree;
}
else
{
return RegistryKeyPermissionCheck.ReadSubTree;
}
}
static int GetRegistryKeyAccess(bool isWritable)
{
int winAccess;
if (!isWritable)
{
winAccess = Win32Native.KEY_READ;
}
else
{
winAccess = Win32Native.KEY_READ | Win32Native.KEY_WRITE;
}
return winAccess;
}
internal static String FixupName(String name)
{
//BCLDebug.Assert(name!=null,"[FixupName]name!=null");
if (name.IndexOf('\\') == -1)
return name;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(name);
FixupPath(sb);
int temp = sb.Length - 1;
if (temp >= 0 && sb[temp] == '\\') // Remove trailing slash
sb.Length = temp;
return sb.ToString();
}
private static void FixupPath(StringBuilder path)
{
//Contract.Requires(path != null);
int length = path.Length;
bool fixup = false;
char markerChar = (char)0xFFFF;
int i = 1;
while (i < length - 1)
{
if (path[i] == '\\')
{
i++;
while (i < length)
{
if (path[i] == '\\')
{
path[i] = markerChar;
i++;
fixup = true;
}
else
break;
}
}
i++;
}
if (fixup)
{
i = 0;
int j = 0;
while (i < length)
{
if (path[i] == markerChar)
{
i++;
continue;
}
path[j] = path[i];
i++;
j++;
}
path.Length += j - i;
}
}
#region IDisposable Support
private bool disposedValue = false; // 要检测冗余调用
public void Close()
{
Dispose(true);
}
protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (hkey != null)
{
if (!IsSystemKey())
{
try
{
hkey.Dispose();
}
catch (IOException)
{
// we don't really care if the handle is invalid at this point
}
finally
{
hkey = null;
}
}
else if (disposing && IsPerfDataKey())
{
// System keys should never be closed. However, we want to call RegCloseKey
// on HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA when called from PerformanceCounter.CloseSharedResources
// (i.e. when disposing is true) so that we release the PERFLIB cache and cause it
// to be refreshed (by re-reading the registry) when accessed subsequently.
// This is the only way we can see the just installed perf counter.
// NOTE: since HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA is process wide, there is inherent race condition in closing
// the key asynchronously. While Vista is smart enough to rebuild the PERFLIB resources
// in this situation the down level OSes are not. We have a small window between
// the dispose below and usage elsewhere (other threads). This is By Design.
// This is less of an issue when OS > NT5 (i.e Vista & higher), we can close the perfkey
// (to release & refresh PERFLIB resources) and the OS will rebuild PERFLIB as necessary.
SafeRegistryHandle.RegCloseKey(RegistryKey.HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA);
}
}
}
private bool IsPerfDataKey()
{
return (this.state & STATE_PERF_DATA) != 0;
}
private bool IsSystemKey()
{
return (this.state & STATE_SYSTEMKEY) != 0;
}
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
}
#endregion
}
[System.Security.SecurityCritical]
public sealed class SafeRegistryHandle : SafeHandleZeroOrMinusOneIsInvalid
{
[System.Security.SecurityCritical]
internal SafeRegistryHandle() : base(true) { }
[System.Security.SecurityCritical]
public SafeRegistryHandle(IntPtr preexistingHandle, bool ownsHandle) : base(ownsHandle)
{
SetHandle(preexistingHandle);
}
[System.Security.SecurityCritical]
override protected bool ReleaseHandle()
{
return (RegCloseKey(handle) == Win32Native.ERROR_SUCCESS);
}
[DllImport(Win32Native.ADVAPI32)]
internal static extern int RegCloseKey(IntPtr hKey);
}
[Serializable]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public enum RegistryHive
{
ClassesRoot = unchecked((int)0x80000000),
CurrentUser = unchecked((int)0x80000001),
LocalMachine = unchecked((int)0x80000002),
Users = unchecked((int)0x80000003),
PerformanceData = unchecked((int)0x80000004),
CurrentConfig = unchecked((int)0x80000005),
}
public enum RegistryView
{
Default = 0, // 0x0000 operate on the default registry view
Registry64 = Win32Native.KEY_WOW64_64KEY, // 0x0100 operate on the 64-bit registry view
Registry32 = Win32Native.KEY_WOW64_32KEY, // 0x0200 operate on the 32-bit registry view
};
public enum RegistryKeyPermissionCheck
{
Default = 0,
ReadSubTree = 1,
ReadWriteSubTree = 2
}
public static class Win32Native
{
internal const String ADVAPI32 = "advapi32.dll";
internal const int KEY_WOW64_64KEY = 0x0100; //
internal const int KEY_WOW64_32KEY = 0x0200; //
internal const int ERROR_SUCCESS = 0x0;
internal const int READ_CONTROL = 0x00020000;
internal const int SYNCHRONIZE = 0x00100000;
internal const int STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ = READ_CONTROL;
internal const int STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE = READ_CONTROL;
internal const int KEY_QUERY_VALUE = 0x0001;
internal const int KEY_SET_VALUE = 0x0002;
internal const int KEY_CREATE_SUB_KEY = 0x0004;
internal const int KEY_ENUMERATE_SUB_KEYS = 0x0008;
internal const int KEY_NOTIFY = 0x0010;
internal const int KEY_CREATE_LINK = 0x0020;
internal const int KEY_READ = ((STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ |
KEY_QUERY_VALUE |
KEY_ENUMERATE_SUB_KEYS |
KEY_NOTIFY)
&
(~SYNCHRONIZE));
internal const int KEY_WRITE = ((STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE |
KEY_SET_VALUE |
KEY_CREATE_SUB_KEY)
&
(~SYNCHRONIZE));
internal const int ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED = 0x5;
internal const int ERROR_BAD_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL = 0x542;
[DllImport(ADVAPI32, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, BestFitMapping = false)]
internal static extern int RegOpenKeyEx(SafeRegistryHandle hKey, String lpSubKey,
int ulOptions, int samDesired, out SafeRegistryHandle hkResult);
[DllImport(ADVAPI32, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, BestFitMapping = false)]
internal static extern int RegQueryInfoKey(SafeRegistryHandle hKey, [Out]StringBuilder lpClass,
int[] lpcbClass, IntPtr lpReserved_MustBeZero, ref int lpcSubKeys,
int[] lpcbMaxSubKeyLen, int[] lpcbMaxClassLen,
ref int lpcValues, int[] lpcbMaxValueNameLen,
int[] lpcbMaxValueLen, int[] lpcbSecurityDescriptor,
int[] lpftLastWriteTime);
[DllImport(ADVAPI32, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, BestFitMapping = false)]
internal unsafe static extern int RegEnumKeyEx(SafeRegistryHandle hKey, int dwIndex,
char* lpName, ref int lpcbName, int[] lpReserved,
[Out]StringBuilder lpClass, int[] lpcbClass,
long[] lpftLastWriteTime);
internal const int ERROR_MORE_DATA = 0xEA;
internal const int REG_NONE = 0; // No value type
internal const int REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN = 5; // 32-bit number
internal const int REG_BINARY = 3; // Free form binary
internal const int REG_QWORD = 11; // 64-bit number
internal const int REG_DWORD = 4; // 32-bit number
internal const int REG_SZ = 1; // Unicode nul terminated string
internal const int REG_EXPAND_SZ = 2; // Unicode nul terminated string
internal const int REG_MULTI_SZ = 7; // Multiple Unicode strings
internal const int REG_LINK = 6; // Symbolic Link (unicode)
[DllImport(ADVAPI32, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, BestFitMapping = false)]
internal static extern int RegQueryValueEx(SafeRegistryHandle hKey, String lpValueName,
int[] lpReserved, ref int lpType, [Out] byte[] lpData,
ref int lpcbData);
[DllImport(ADVAPI32, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, BestFitMapping = false)]
internal static extern int RegQueryValueEx(SafeRegistryHandle hKey, String lpValueName,
int[] lpReserved, ref int lpType, ref int lpData,
ref int lpcbData);
[DllImport(ADVAPI32, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, BestFitMapping = false)]
internal static extern int RegQueryValueEx(SafeRegistryHandle hKey, String lpValueName,
int[] lpReserved, ref int lpType, ref long lpData,
ref int lpcbData);
[DllImport(ADVAPI32, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, BestFitMapping = false)]
internal static extern int RegQueryValueEx(SafeRegistryHandle hKey, String lpValueName,
int[] lpReserved, ref int lpType, [Out] char[] lpData,
ref int lpcbData);
[DllImport(ADVAPI32, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, BestFitMapping = false)]
internal static extern int RegQueryValueEx(SafeRegistryHandle hKey, String lpValueName,
int[] lpReserved, ref int lpType, [Out]StringBuilder lpData,
ref int lpcbData);
}
i'm having some problem with reading process's memory, all i get is error 299, sometimes error 5/6, i'm new to memory reading / writing and can use any help.
This is what i have so far :
private void ScanMemory()
{
uint PID;
GetWindowThreadProcessId(GetWindowHandle(), out PID);
label3.Text = "" + (int)PID;
int valueToSearch = 4;
List<int> matchAddresses = new List<int>();
long MaxAddress = 0x7fffffff;
long address = 0;
do
{
MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION32 m;
IntPtr Handle = OpenProcess((int)ProcessAccessFlags.All, false, (int)PID);
uint result = VirtualQueryEx((int)Handle, (int)address, out m, (int)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION32)));
if (address == (long)m.BaseAddress + (long)m.RegionSize)
break;
address = (long)m.BaseAddress + (long)m.RegionSize;
SearchIntSizeValue(Handle, (int)m.BaseAddress, (int)m.RegionSize, valueToSearch, matchAddresses);
} while (address <= MaxAddress);
foreach (int res in matchAddresses)
{
listBox1.Items.Add(res);
}
}
public void SearchIntSizeValue(IntPtr hProcess, int startAddress, int endAddress, int valueToSearch, List<int> addresses)
{
byte[] buffer = new byte[4];
IntPtr bytesread;
while (startAddress < endAddress)
{
ReadProcessMemory(hProcess, (IntPtr)startAddress, buffer, 4, out bytesread);
int res = BitConverter.ToInt32(buffer, 0);
if (res == valueToSearch)
{
addresses.Add(startAddress);
}
else
{
int le;
if ((le = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()) != 0)
{
}
}
startAddress += 4;
}
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION32
{
public uint BaseAddress;
public uint AllocationBase;
public int AllocationProtect;
public uint RegionSize;
public int State;
public int Protect;
public int lType;
}
i'm reading size of int at the moment, not really working :|, from reading in google, i saw there is this thing with privilege , though, i run vs2010 with Admin rights on windows 7, i hope it's enough information for you to spot my problme, thanks in advance!
Me helped solution on www.codeproject.com: Solving-Problems-of-Monitoring-Standard-Output.
Solution protect application from additional deadlocks that Microsoft does not mention in their documentation.
Question:
In C/C++/C#. (I need it for C#, but C and C++ is also fine).
How can I do a mount -a on Linux.
I mean programmatically, without starting a process like
system("mount -a");
Edit:
Note the "-a".
My question is not actually about how to mount A mountpoint.
It's about how to mount ALL mountpoints in /etc/fstab.
That means parsing the file, extracting the mountpoints, check if already mounted, and only if not already mounted, mount...
Check out the man page by typing man 2 mount. It talks about a system call that can avoid the actual use of system():
#include <sys/mount.h>
int mount(const char *source, const char *target, const char *filesystemtype,
unsigned long mountflags, const void *data);
#Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams:
About your "no way to perform this in C#" ...
Proof that you're wrong by contradiction:
The bellow code is capable of doing the same as
(apt-get install jfsutils)
dd if=/dev/zero of=jfs.dsk bs=1048576 count=150
mkfs.jfs -O jfs.dsk
mkdir -p /mnt/jfs
mount /volumes/jfs.dsk /mnt/jfs -t jfs -o loop
umount /mnt/jfs/
Code:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace Syscalls
{
public class Linux
{
// apt-get source util-linux
// ./mount/loop.h
// ./mount/mount.c
// ./mount/lomount.c
// ./include/linux_version.h
// ./lib/linux_version.c
// ./include/linux_reboot.h
protected const int LOOP_SET_FD = 0x4C00;
protected const int LOOP_CLR_FD = 0x4C01;
protected const int LOOP_GET_STATUS = 0x4C03;
protected const int LOOP_SET_STATUS = 0x4C02;
protected const int LOOP_GET_STATUS64 = 0x4C05;
protected const int LOOP_SET_STATUS64 = 0x4C04;
protected const int LO_NAME_SIZE = 64;
protected const int LO_KEY_SIZE = 32;
protected const int PATH_MAX = 4096;
// MS_RELATIME //(default for Linux >= 2.6.30)
// MS_STRICTATIME //(default for Linux < 2.6.30)
// http://harmattan-dev.nokia.com/docs/library/html/manpages/headers/sys/mount.html
public enum MountFlags : ulong
{
MS_RDONLY = 1, // Mount read-only.
MS_NOSUID = 2, // Ignore suid and sgid bits.
MS_NODEV = 4, // Disallow access to device special files.
MS_NOEXEC = 8, // Disallow program execution.
MS_SYNCHRONOUS = 16, // Writes are synced at once.
MS_REMOUNT = 32, // Alter flags of a mounted FS.
MS_MANDLOCK = 64, // Allow mandatory locks on an FS.
S_WRITE = 128, // Write on file/directory/symlink.
S_APPEND = 256, // Append-only file.
S_IMMUTABLE = 512, // Immutable file.
MS_NOATIME = 1024, // Do not update access times.
MS_NODIRATIME = 2048, // Do not update directory access times.
MS_BIND = 4096, // Bind directory at different place.
}; // End Enum MountFlags : ulong
/*
// http://unix.superglobalmegacorp.com/Net2/newsrc/sys/fcntl.h.html
[Flags]
protected enum OpenFlags : int
{
// open-only flags
O_RDONLY = 0x0000, // open for reading only
O_WRONLY = 0x0001, // open for writing only
O_RDWR = 0x0002, // open for reading and writing
O_ACCMODE = 0x0003, // mask for above modes
//#ifdef KERNEL
FREAD = 0x0001,
FWRITE = 0x0002,
//#endif
O_NONBLOCK = 0x0004, // no delay
O_APPEND = 0x0008, // set append mode
//#ifndef _POSIX_SOURCE
O_SHLOCK = 0x0010, // open with shared file lock
O_EXLOCK = 0x0020, // open with exclusive file lock
O_ASYNC = 0x0040, // signal pgrp when data ready
O_FSYNC = 0x0080, // synchronous writes
//#endif
O_CREAT = 0x0200, // create if nonexistant
O_TRUNC = 0x0400, // truncate to zero length
O_EXCL = 0x0800, // error if already exists
//#ifdef KERNEL
FMARK = 0x1000, // mark during gc()
FDEFER = 0x2000, // defer for next gc pass
FHASLOCK = 0x4000 // descriptor holds advisory lock
} // End Enum OpenFlags : int
*/
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayout(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)]
protected struct loop_info
{
public int lo_number;
public System.UIntPtr lo_device; //my_dev_t lo_device; // my_dev_t: long unsigned int
public System.UIntPtr lo_inode; //unsigned long lo_inode;
public System.UIntPtr lo_rdevice; //my_dev_t lo_rdevice;// my_dev_t: long unsigned int
public int lo_offset;
public int lo_encrypt_type;
public int lo_encrypt_key_size;
public int lo_flags;
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAs(System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = LO_NAME_SIZE)]
public string lo_name; //char lo_name[LO_NAME_SIZE];
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAs(System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = LO_KEY_SIZE)]
public string lo_encrypt_key; //unsigned char lo_encrypt_key[LO_KEY_SIZE];
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAs(System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 2)]
public System.UIntPtr[] lo_init; //unsigned long lo_init[2];
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAs(System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 4)]
public string reserved; //char reserved[4];
}; // End Struct loop_info
protected struct loop_info64
{
public System.UInt64 lo_device;
public System.UInt64 lo_inode;
public System.UInt64 lo_rdevice;
public System.UInt64 lo_offset;
public System.UInt64 lo_sizelimit; /* bytes, 0 == max available */
public System.UInt32 lo_number;
public System.UInt32 lo_encrypt_type;
public System.UInt32 lo_encrypt_key_size;
public System.UInt32 lo_flags;
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1725855/uint8-t-vs-unsigned-char
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAs(System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = LO_NAME_SIZE)]
public string lo_file_name; // uint8_t lo_file_name[LO_NAME_SIZE];
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAs(System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = LO_NAME_SIZE)]
public string lo_crypt_name; // uint8_t lo_crypt_name[LO_NAME_SIZE];
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAs(System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = LO_KEY_SIZE)]
public string lo_encrypt_key; // uint8_t lo_encrypt_key[LO_KEY_SIZE];
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAs(System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 2)]
public System.UInt64[] lo_init;
}; // End Struct loop_info64
// http://www.student.cs.uwaterloo.ca/~cs350/common/os161-src-html/kern_2include_2kern_2stat_8h.html
protected static bool S_ISBLK(int mode)
{
const uint S_IFMT = 070000;
const uint S_IFBLK = 050000;
return (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK);
} // End Function S_ISBLK
public static int KERNEL_VERSION()
{
Mono.Unix.Native.Utsname unameres = new Mono.Unix.Native.Utsname();
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.uname(out unameres);
System.Text.RegularExpressions.Match ma = System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.Match(unameres.release, #"(\d+).(\d+).(\d+)(-)?(\d+)?");
string strMajor = ma.Groups[1].Value;
string strMinor = ma.Groups[2].Value;
string strTiny = ma.Groups[3].Value;
string strPatchlevel = ma.Groups[5].Value;
int a = System.Convert.ToInt32(strMajor);
int b = System.Convert.ToInt32(strMinor);
int c = System.Convert.ToInt32(strTiny);
return KERNEL_VERSION(a, b, c);
} // End Function KERNEL_VERSION
//# define KERNEL_VERSION(a,b,c) (((a) << 16) + ((b) << 8) + (c))
public static int KERNEL_VERSION(int a, int b, int c)
{
return (((a) << 16) + ((b) << 8) + (c));
}
public static string CreateVirtualDisk(int iSize)
{
string strBaseDirectory = #"/volumes/";
string strFileName = System.Guid.NewGuid().ToString().Replace("-", "") + ".dsk";
string strFileNameAndPath = System.IO.Path.Combine(strBaseDirectory, strFileName);
using (var fs = new System.IO.FileStream(strFileNameAndPath, System.IO.FileMode.Create, System.IO.FileAccess.Write, System.IO.FileShare.None))
{
fs.SetLength(iSize);
} // End Using fs
return strFileNameAndPath;
} // End Function CreateVirtualDisk
// umount("/mnt/testdisk");
public static bool umount(string strMountPoint)
{
int status = UnsafeNativeMethods.umount(strMountPoint);
if (status == 0)
Console.WriteLine("Successfully unmounted device.");
else
Console.WriteLine("Unmount status: " + status.ToString());
if (status == 0)
return true;
return false;
} // End Function Unmount
public static string find_unused_loop_device()
{
string dev;
int fd;
Mono.Unix.Native.Stat statbuf;
loop_info loopinfo = new loop_info();
loop_info64 lo64 = new loop_info64();
for (int i = 0; i <= 7; i++)
{
dev = "/dev/loop" + i.ToString();
if (System.Convert.ToBoolean(Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.stat(dev, out statbuf)) == (false && S_ISBLK((int)statbuf.st_mode)))
{
if ((fd = Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.open(dev, Mono.Unix.Native.OpenFlags.O_RDONLY)) >= 0)
{
// This block was commented out initially
if (UnsafeNativeMethods.ioctl(fd, LOOP_GET_STATUS64, ref lo64) == 0)
{
if (Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.GetLastError() == Mono.Unix.Native.Errno.ENXIO)
{ // probably free
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.close(fd);
return dev;
}
}
if (UnsafeNativeMethods.ioctl(fd, LOOP_GET_STATUS, ref loopinfo) != 0)
{
// http://tomoyo.sourceforge.jp/cgi-bin/lxr/source/include/asm-generic/errno-base.h#L9
// ENXIO - No such device or address
// The device accessed by a command is physically not present,
// or the address of the device is not present
if (Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.GetLastError() == Mono.Unix.Native.Errno.ENXIO)
{
// that means the device is most-likely free
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.close(fd);
return dev;
}
} // End if (UnsafeNativeMethods.ioctl(fd, LOOP_GET_STATUS, ref loopinfo) != 0)
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.close(fd);
} // End if ((fd = UnsafeNativeMethods.open(dev, OpenFlags.O_RDONLY)) >= 0)
} // End if (System.Convert.ToBoolean(Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.stat(dev, out statbuf)) == (false && S_ISBLK((int)statbuf.st_mode)))
} // Next i
return null;
} // End Function find_unused_loop_device
public static int set_loop(string device, string file, int offset, ref int loopro)
{
loop_info loopinfo = new loop_info();
int fd = 0, ffd = 0;
Mono.Unix.Native.OpenFlags mode;
mode = loopro != 0 ? Mono.Unix.Native.OpenFlags.O_RDONLY : Mono.Unix.Native.OpenFlags.O_RDWR;
if (
(
ffd = Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.open(file, mode)
) < 0
&&
(
(!System.Convert.ToBoolean((int)loopro))
&&
(
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.GetLastError() != Mono.Unix.Native.Errno.EROFS
||
(ffd = Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.open(file, mode = Mono.Unix.Native.OpenFlags.O_RDONLY))
< 0
)
)
) // if
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: file: " + file);
//perror_msg("%s", file);
return 1;
} // End if
if ((fd = Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.open(device, mode)) < 0)
{
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.close(ffd);
Console.WriteLine("Error: device: " + device);
//perror_msg("%s", device);
return 1;
}
loopro = System.Convert.ToInt32(mode == Mono.Unix.Native.OpenFlags.O_RDONLY);
//memset(&loopinfo, 0, sizeof(loopinfo));
//safe_strncpy(loopinfo.lo_name, file, LO_NAME_SIZE);
//strncpy(loopinfo.lo_name, file, LO_NAME_SIZE);
loopinfo.lo_name = string.IsNullOrEmpty(file) ? null : file.Substring(0, Math.Min(file.Length, LO_NAME_SIZE));
loopinfo.lo_offset = offset;
loopinfo.lo_encrypt_key_size = 0;
if (UnsafeNativeMethods.ioctl(fd, LOOP_SET_FD, ffd) < 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("ioctl: LOOP_SET_FD");
//perror_msg("ioctl: LOOP_SET_FD");
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.close(fd);
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.close(ffd);
return 1;
}
if (UnsafeNativeMethods.ioctl(fd, LOOP_SET_STATUS, ref loopinfo) < 0)
{
int ro = 0;
UnsafeNativeMethods.ioctl(fd, LOOP_CLR_FD, ref ro);
//perror_msg("ioctl: LOOP_SET_STATUS");
Console.WriteLine("ioctl: LOOP_SET_STATUS");
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.close(fd);
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.close(ffd);
return 1;
}
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.close(fd);
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.close(ffd);
return 0;
} // End Function set_loop
public static int del_loop(string device)
{
int fd;
if ((fd = Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.open(device, Mono.Unix.Native.OpenFlags.O_RDONLY)) < 0)
{
//perror_msg("%s", device);
Console.WriteLine("Error description: " + Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.strerror(Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.GetLastError()));
return 0;
}
int r = 0;
if (UnsafeNativeMethods.ioctl(fd, LOOP_CLR_FD, ref r) < 0)
{
//perror_msg("ioctl: LOOP_CLR_FD");
Console.WriteLine("ioctl: LOOP_CLR_FD\nError description: " + Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.strerror(Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.GetLastError()));
return 0;
}
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.close(fd);
Console.WriteLine("Successfully closed loop-device\n");
return 1;
} // End Function del_loop
public static bool mount(string strDevice, string strMountPoint, string strFsType)
{
return mount(strDevice, strMountPoint, strFsType, MountFlags.MS_NOATIME);
}
public static bool mount(string strDevice, string strMountPoint, string strFsType, MountFlags mflags)
{
return mount(strDevice, strMountPoint, strFsType, mflags, IntPtr.Zero);
}
// http://cboard.cprogramming.com/c-programming/126630-using-sys-mount-h-mounting-usb-thumb-drive.html
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10458549/mount-usb-drive-in-linux-with-c
// mount("/dev/loop1", "/mnt/testdisk", "vfat");
public static bool mount(string strDevice, string strMountPoint, string strFsType, MountFlags mflags, IntPtr options)
{
// http://linux.die.net/man/2/mount
// MS_RDONLY
// MS_RELATIME (default for Linux >= 2.6.30)
// MS_STRICTATIME (default for Linux < 2.6.30)
if (UnsafeNativeMethods.mount(strDevice, strMountPoint, strFsType, mflags, options) != 0)
{
Mono.Unix.Native.Errno errno = Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.GetLastError();
if (errno == Mono.Unix.Native.Errno.EBUSY)
{
Console.WriteLine("Mountpoint busy");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Mount error: " + Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.strerror(errno));
}
return false;
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Successfully mounted device !");
}
return true; ;
} // End Function mount
static class UnsafeNativeMethods
{
//string name = "Test";
//TypedReference tf = __makeref(name);
//int c = VarSum(2, __arglist(__makeref(name)));
// http://khason.net/blog/how-to-pinvoke-varargs-variable-arguments-in-c-or-hidden-junk-in-clr/
// //int rv = ioctl(2, 3, __arglist(5, 10));
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImportAttribute("libc", EntryPoint = "ioctl",
CallingConvention = System.Runtime.InteropServices.CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
public static extern int ioctl(int descriptor, int request, __arglist);
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern int ioctl(int d, int request, int data);
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern int ioctl(int d, int request, ref int data);
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern int ioctl(int d, int request, ref loop_info data);
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern int ioctl(int d, int request, ref loop_info64 data);
//[System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
//public static extern int open([System.Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAs(System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.LPStr)]string pathname, OpenFlags flags);
//[System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
//public static extern int close(int fd);
//[System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
//public static extern IntPtr read(int fd, IntPtr buffer, UIntPtr count);
///////unsafe public static extern IntPtr read(int fd, void* buffer, UIntPtr count);
// http://linux.die.net/man/2/mount
// http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/online/pages/man2/mount.2.html
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern int mount(string source, string target, string filesystemtype, UIntPtr mountflags, System.IntPtr data);
//int mount(const char *source, const char *target, const char *filesystemtype, ulong mountflags, const void *data);
public static int mount(string source, string target, string filesystemtype, MountFlags mountflags, System.IntPtr data)
{
System.UIntPtr p = new System.UIntPtr((ulong)mountflags);
return mount(source, target, filesystemtype, p, data);
} // End Function mount
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern int umount(string strMountPoint);
// extern int umount (__const char *__special_file);
} // End Class UnsafeNativeMethods
public static void TryMount()
{
const bool SUCCESS = true;
// int iReturnCode = Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.system("mount -a");
// int iReturnCode = Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.system("mount /volumes/jfs.dsk /mnt/jfs -t jfs -o loop");
// int iReturnCode = Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.system("mkfs.jfs -O \"jfs.dsk\"");
string strLoopDeviceToUse = find_unused_loop_device();
string strMountPoint = "/mnt/testdisk";
int ro = 0;
set_loop(strLoopDeviceToUse, "/volumes/testdisk.dsk", 0, ref ro);
string strLoopDeviceToUse2 = find_unused_loop_device();
bool status = false;
int mountAttempts = 0;
do
{
//status = mount("/dev/sda1", "/media/usb0", "vfat", MS_MGC_VAL | MS_NOSUID, "");
status = mount(strLoopDeviceToUse, strMountPoint, "vfat", MountFlags.MS_NOATIME);
if (status != SUCCESS)
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
mountAttempts++;
} while (status != SUCCESS && mountAttempts < 3);
} // End Sub TryMount
// In gcc or g++, to show all of the macros that are defined for a given platform:
// gcc -dM -E test.c
// or
// g++ -dM -E test.cpp
// http://manual.cream.org/index.cgi/gnu_dev_major.3
// http://www.gnu.org/software/gnulib/coverage/usr/include/sys/sysmacros.h.gcov.frameset.html
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_data_types
protected static uint gnu_dev_major(System.UInt64 __dev)
{
return (uint)((uint)(((__dev >> 8) & 0xfff)) | ((uint)(__dev >> 32) & ~0xfff));
}
protected static uint gnu_dev_minor(System.UInt64 __dev)
{
return (uint)((uint)(__dev & 0xff) | ((uint)(__dev >> 12) & ~0xff));
}
public static string loopfile_from_sysfs(string device)
{
string res = null;
Mono.Unix.Native.Stat st;
System.IntPtr f;
//if (stat(device, &st) || !S_ISBLK(st.st_mode))
//if (System.Convert.ToBoolean(Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.stat(device, out st)) || !S_ISBLK((int) st.st_mode))
// return null;
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.stat(device, out st);
const string _PATH_SYS_DEVBLOCK = "/sys/dev/block";
string strPath = string.Format("{0}/{1}:{2}/loop/backing_file", _PATH_SYS_DEVBLOCK, gnu_dev_major(st.st_rdev), gnu_dev_minor(st.st_rdev));
f = Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.fopen(strPath, "r");
if (f == IntPtr.Zero)
return null;
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.fclose(f);
res = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(strPath);
strPath = null;
return res;
} // End Function loopfile_from_sysfs
public static string loopdev_get_loopfile(string device)
{
string res = loopfile_from_sysfs(device);
if (res == null)
{
loop_info lo = new loop_info();
loop_info64 lo64 = new loop_info64();
int fd;
if ((fd = Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.open(device, Mono.Unix.Native.OpenFlags.O_RDONLY)) < 0)
return null;
if (UnsafeNativeMethods.ioctl(fd, LOOP_GET_STATUS64, ref lo64) == 0)
{
//lo64.lo_file_name[LO_NAME_SIZE-2] = '*';
//lo64.lo_file_name[LO_NAME_SIZE-1] = 0;
//res = strdup((char *) lo64.lo_file_name);
res = lo64.lo_file_name;
Console.WriteLine("LOOP_GET_STATUS64");
}
else if (UnsafeNativeMethods.ioctl(fd, LOOP_GET_STATUS, ref lo) == 0)
{
//lo.lo_name[LO_NAME_SIZE-2] = '*';
//lo.lo_name[LO_NAME_SIZE-1] = 0;
//res = strdup((char *) lo.lo_name);
res = lo.lo_name;
Console.WriteLine("LOOP_GET_STATUS");
}
Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.close(fd);
} // End if (res == null)
return res;
} // End Function loopdev_get_loopfile
public static void TryUnmount()
{
/*
string strMountPoint = "/mnt/testdisk";
umount(strMountPoint);
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
del_loop("/dev/loop2");
*/
string xxx = loopdev_get_loopfile("/dev/loop0");
Console.WriteLine("xxx: " + xxx);
}
// kernel-support:
// grep hfs /proc/filesystems
// cat /proc/partitions
// apt-get install hfsprogs
// sudo modprobe hfsplus
// dd if=/dev/zero of=hfsplus.dsk bs=1048576 count=150
// mkfs.hfsplus /volumes/hfsplus.dsk
// mkfs.hfsplus hfsplus.dsk
// apt-get install jfsutils
// dd if=/dev/zero of=jfs.dsk bs=1048576 count=150
// mkfs.jfs -O jfs.dsk
// mkdir -p /mnt/jfs
// mount /volumes/jfs.dsk /mnt/jfs -t jfs -o loop
// umount /mnt/jfs/
// mkdir -p /mnt/hfsplus
// mount -t hfsplus /volumes/hfsplus.dsk /mnt/hfsplus/ -o loop
//
} // End Class Linux
} // End Namespace Syscalls
// http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=135113
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7027151/call-expect-script-in-c-process
// http://linux.die.net/man/1/expect
// http://linux.die.net/man/3/libexpect
// http://linuxcommand.org/man_pages/losetup8.html
// losetup /dev/loop0 /file
// losetup -d /dev/loop0
// http://linux.about.com/library/cmd/blcmdl8_losetup.htm
To perma-mount it in fstab, you need to get the partition uuid (blkid)
getmntent can help you read /etc/fstab (and then use the mount function in the other answers).
Is there a way via .NET/C# to find out the number of CPU cores?
PS This is a straight code question, not a "Should I use multi-threading?" question! :-)
There are several different pieces of information relating to processors that you could get:
Number of physical processors
Number of cores
Number of logical processors.
These can all be different; in the case of a machine with 2 dual-core hyper-threading-enabled processors, there are 2 physical processors, 4 cores, and 8 logical processors.
The number of logical processors is available through the Environment class, but the other information is only available through WMI (and you may have to install some hotfixes or service packs to get it on some systems):
Make sure to add a reference in your project to System.Management.dll
In .NET Core, this is available (for Windows only) as a NuGet package.
Physical Processors:
foreach (var item in new System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * from Win32_ComputerSystem").Get())
{
Console.WriteLine("Number Of Physical Processors: {0} ", item["NumberOfProcessors"]);
}
Cores:
int coreCount = 0;
foreach (var item in new System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * from Win32_Processor").Get())
{
coreCount += int.Parse(item["NumberOfCores"].ToString());
}
Console.WriteLine("Number Of Cores: {0}", coreCount);
Logical Processors:
Console.WriteLine("Number Of Logical Processors: {0}", Environment.ProcessorCount);
OR
foreach (var item in new System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * from Win32_ComputerSystem").Get())
{
Console.WriteLine("Number Of Logical Processors: {0}", item["NumberOfLogicalProcessors"]);
}
Processors excluded from Windows:
You can also use Windows API calls in setupapi.dll to discover processors that have been excluded from Windows (e.g. through boot settings) and aren't detectable using the above means. The code below gives the total number of logical processors (I haven't been able to figure out how to differentiate physical from logical processors) that exist, including those that have been excluded from Windows:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int deviceCount = 0;
IntPtr deviceList = IntPtr.Zero;
// GUID for processor classid
Guid processorGuid = new Guid("{50127dc3-0f36-415e-a6cc-4cb3be910b65}");
try
{
// get a list of all processor devices
deviceList = SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref processorGuid, "ACPI", IntPtr.Zero, (int)DIGCF.PRESENT);
// attempt to process each item in the list
for (int deviceNumber = 0; ; deviceNumber++)
{
SP_DEVINFO_DATA deviceInfo = new SP_DEVINFO_DATA();
deviceInfo.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(deviceInfo);
// attempt to read the device info from the list, if this fails, we're at the end of the list
if (!SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(deviceList, deviceNumber, ref deviceInfo))
{
deviceCount = deviceNumber;
break;
}
}
}
finally
{
if (deviceList != IntPtr.Zero) { SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(deviceList); }
}
Console.WriteLine("Number of cores: {0}", deviceCount);
}
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref Guid ClassGuid,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]String enumerator,
IntPtr hwndParent,
Int32 Flags);
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern Int32 SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet);
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet,
Int32 MemberIndex,
ref SP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInterfaceData);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct SP_DEVINFO_DATA
{
public int cbSize;
public Guid ClassGuid;
public uint DevInst;
public IntPtr Reserved;
}
private enum DIGCF
{
DEFAULT = 0x1,
PRESENT = 0x2,
ALLCLASSES = 0x4,
PROFILE = 0x8,
DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x10,
}
Environment.ProcessorCount
[Documentation]
WMI queries are slow, so try to Select only the desired members instead of using Select *.
The following query takes 3.4s:
foreach (var item in new System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * from Win32_Processor").Get())
While this one takes 0.122s:
foreach (var item in new System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher("Select NumberOfCores from Win32_Processor").Get())
Environment.ProcessorCount should give you the number of cores on the local machine.
The the easyest way = Environment.ProcessorCount
Exemple from Environment.ProcessorCount Property
using System;
class Sample
{
public static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("The number of processors " +
"on this computer is {0}.",
Environment.ProcessorCount);
}
}
It's rather interesting to see how .NET get this internally to say the least... It's as "simple" as below:
namespace System.Threading
{
using System;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
internal static class PlatformHelper
{
private const int PROCESSOR_COUNT_REFRESH_INTERVAL_MS = 0x7530;
private static volatile int s_lastProcessorCountRefreshTicks;
private static volatile int s_processorCount;
internal static bool IsSingleProcessor
{
get
{
return (ProcessorCount == 1);
}
}
internal static int ProcessorCount
{
get
{
int tickCount = Environment.TickCount;
int num2 = s_processorCount;
if ((num2 == 0) || ((tickCount - s_lastProcessorCountRefreshTicks) >= 0x7530))
{
s_processorCount = num2 = Environment.ProcessorCount;
s_lastProcessorCountRefreshTicks = tickCount;
}
return num2;
}
}
}
}
From .NET Framework source
You can also get it with PInvoke on Kernel32.dll
The following code is coming more or less from SystemInfo.cs from System.Web source located here:
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
public struct SYSTEM_INFO
{
public ushort wProcessorArchitecture;
public ushort wReserved;
public uint dwPageSize;
public IntPtr lpMinimumApplicationAddress;
public IntPtr lpMaximumApplicationAddress;
public IntPtr dwActiveProcessorMask;
public uint dwNumberOfProcessors;
public uint dwProcessorType;
public uint dwAllocationGranularity;
public ushort wProcessorLevel;
public ushort wProcessorRevision;
}
internal static class SystemInfo
{
static int _trueNumberOfProcessors;
internal static readonly IntPtr INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = new IntPtr(-1);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
internal static extern void GetSystemInfo(out SYSTEM_INFO si);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
internal static extern int GetProcessAffinityMask(IntPtr handle, out IntPtr processAffinityMask, out IntPtr systemAffinityMask);
internal static int GetNumProcessCPUs()
{
if (SystemInfo._trueNumberOfProcessors == 0)
{
SYSTEM_INFO si;
GetSystemInfo(out si);
if ((int) si.dwNumberOfProcessors == 1)
{
SystemInfo._trueNumberOfProcessors = 1;
}
else
{
IntPtr processAffinityMask;
IntPtr systemAffinityMask;
if (GetProcessAffinityMask(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, out processAffinityMask, out systemAffinityMask) == 0)
{
SystemInfo._trueNumberOfProcessors = 1;
}
else
{
int num1 = 0;
if (IntPtr.Size == 4)
{
uint num2 = (uint) (int) processAffinityMask;
while ((int) num2 != 0)
{
if (((int) num2 & 1) == 1)
++num1;
num2 >>= 1;
}
}
else
{
ulong num2 = (ulong) (long) processAffinityMask;
while ((long) num2 != 0L)
{
if (((long) num2 & 1L) == 1L)
++num1;
num2 >>= 1;
}
}
SystemInfo._trueNumberOfProcessors = num1;
}
}
}
return SystemInfo._trueNumberOfProcessors;
}
}
There are many answers here already, but some have heavy upvotes and are incorrect.
The .NET Environment.ProcessorCount WILL return incorrect values and can fail critically if your system WMI is configured incorrectly.
If you want a RELIABLE way to count the cores, the only way is Win32 API.
Here is a C++ snippet:
#include <Windows.h>
#include <vector>
int num_physical_cores()
{
static int num_cores = []
{
DWORD bytes = 0;
GetLogicalProcessorInformation(nullptr, &bytes);
std::vector<SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION> coreInfo(bytes / sizeof(SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION));
GetLogicalProcessorInformation(coreInfo.data(), &bytes);
int cores = 0;
for (auto& info : coreInfo)
{
if (info.Relationship == RelationProcessorCore)
++cores;
}
return cores > 0 ? cores : 1;
}();
return num_cores;
}
And since this is a .NET C# Question, here's the ported version:
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct CACHE_DESCRIPTOR
{
public byte Level;
public byte Associativity;
public ushort LineSize;
public uint Size;
public uint Type;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
struct SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_UNION
{
[FieldOffset(0)] public byte ProcessorCore;
[FieldOffset(0)] public uint NumaNode;
[FieldOffset(0)] public CACHE_DESCRIPTOR Cache;
[FieldOffset(0)] private UInt64 Reserved1;
[FieldOffset(8)] private UInt64 Reserved2;
}
public enum LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_RELATIONSHIP
{
RelationProcessorCore,
RelationNumaNode,
RelationCache,
RelationProcessorPackage,
RelationGroup,
RelationAll = 0xffff
}
struct SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION
{
public UIntPtr ProcessorMask;
public LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_RELATIONSHIP Relationship;
public SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_UNION ProcessorInformation;
}
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
static extern unsafe bool GetLogicalProcessorInformation(SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION* buffer, out int bufferSize);
static unsafe int GetProcessorCoreCount()
{
GetLogicalProcessorInformation(null, out int bufferSize);
int numEntries = bufferSize / sizeof(SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION);
var coreInfo = new SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION[numEntries];
fixed (SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION* pCoreInfo = coreInfo)
{
GetLogicalProcessorInformation(pCoreInfo, out bufferSize);
int cores = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < numEntries; ++i)
{
ref SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION info = ref pCoreInfo[i];
if (info.Relationship == LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_RELATIONSHIP.RelationProcessorCore)
++cores;
}
return cores > 0 ? cores : 1;
}
}
public static readonly int NumPhysicalCores = GetProcessorCoreCount();
One option would be to read the data from the registry.
MSDN Article On The Topic: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.win32.registry.localmachine(v=vs.71).aspx)
The processors, I believe can be located here, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\CentralProcessor
private void determineNumberOfProcessCores()
{
RegistryKey rk = Registry.LocalMachine;
String[] subKeys = rk.OpenSubKey("HARDWARE").OpenSubKey("DESCRIPTION").OpenSubKey("System").OpenSubKey("CentralProcessor").GetSubKeyNames();
textBox1.Text = "Total number of cores:" + subKeys.Length.ToString();
}
I am reasonably sure the registry entry will be there on most systems.
Thought I would throw my $0.02 in.
You can use this class:
public static class CpuCores
{
private static int cores = 0;
public static int Number
{
get
{
if (cores > 0) return cores;
RegistryKey key = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(#"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\" +
"{50127dc3-0f36-415e-a6cc-4cb3be910b65}");
if (key == null)
{
cores = Environment.ProcessorCount;
return cores;
}
string[] subkeys = key.GetSubKeyNames();
key.Close();
cores = 0;
if (subkeys != null && subkeys.Length > 0) foreach (string s in subkeys)
{
if (s.Length != 4) continue;
int n;
if (int.TryParse(s, out n) && ++n > cores) cores = n;
}
if (cores <= 0) cores = Environment.ProcessorCount;
return cores;
}
}
}
I was looking for the same thing but I don't want to install any nuget or servicepack, so I found this solution, it is pretty simple and straight forward,
using this discussion, I thought it would be so easy to run that WMIC command and get that value, here is the C# code. You only need to use System.Management namespace (and couple more standard namespaces for process and so on).
string fileName = Path.Combine(Environment.SystemDirectory, "wbem", "wmic.exe");
string arguments = #"cpu get NumberOfCores";
Process process = new Process
{
StartInfo =
{
FileName = fileName,
Arguments = arguments,
UseShellExecute = false,
CreateNoWindow = true,
RedirectStandardOutput = true,
RedirectStandardError = true
}
};
process.Start();
StreamReader output = process.StandardOutput;
Console.WriteLine(output.ReadToEnd());
process.WaitForExit();
int exitCode = process.ExitCode;
process.Close();
This is my first serious attempt at P/invoke. This is a console app I'm using to work out the code for a web service that will hopefully return a mac address from an ip address or fully qualified system name. The code compiles. However when run without args, I get an unhandled exception-IndexOutOfRangeException. If I run it with args, I get a different unhandled exception, AccessViolationException: Attempted to read or write protected memory. And, I'm self-taught...Please be kind if I've done something stupid. Here's my code:
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Net;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
namespace GetMac
{
class Program
{
const int NET_STRING_IPV4_ADDRESS = 1; // 192.168.100.10
const int NET_STRING_IPV4_SERVICE = 2; // 192.168.100.10:80
const int NET_STRING_IPV4_NETWORK = 4; // 192.168.100/24
const int NET_STRING_IPV6_ADDRESS = 8; // 21DA:00D3:0000:2F3B:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A%2
const int NET_STRING_IPV6_ADDRESS_NO_SCOPE = 8; // 21DA:00D3:0000:2F3B:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A
const int NET_STRING_IPV6_SERVICE = 32; // [21DA:00D3:0000:2F3B:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A%2]:8080
const int NET_STRING_IPV6_SERVICE_NO_SCOPE = 64; // 21DA:00D3:0000:2F3B:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A:8080
const int NET_STRING_IPV6_NETWORK = 128; // 21DA:D3::/48
const int NET_STRING_NAMED_ADDRESS = 256; // www.microsoft.com
const int NET_STRING_NAMED_SERVICE = 512; // www.microsoft.com:80
internal static class NativeMethods
{
[DllImport("IpHlpApi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
//public static extern uint ParseNetworkString(ref string networkString, int types, out NetAddressInfo addressInfo, out ushort portNumber, out byte prefixLength);
public static extern uint ParseNetworkString(string networkString, int types);
}
public static string GetMacAddress(IPAddress ipAddress)
{
string strMacAddress = string.Empty;
try
{
char delimChar = '=';
string strTempMacAddress = string.Empty;
ProcessStartInfo objProcessStartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo();
Process objProcess = new Process();
objProcessStartInfo.FileName = "nbtstat";
objProcessStartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = false;
objProcessStartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
objProcessStartInfo.Arguments = "-A " + ipAddress;
objProcessStartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
objProcess = Process.Start(objProcessStartInfo);
int Counter = -1;
while (Counter <= -1)
{
Counter = strTempMacAddress.Trim().ToLower().IndexOf("mac address", 0);
if (Counter > -1)
{
break;
}
strTempMacAddress = objProcess.StandardOutput.ReadLine();
}
objProcess.WaitForExit();
string[] words = strTempMacAddress.Split(delimChar);
strTempMacAddress = words[1];
strMacAddress = strTempMacAddress.Trim();
strMacAddress = strMacAddress.Replace('-', ':');
}
catch (Exception Ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(Ex.ToString());
Console.ReadLine();
}
return strMacAddress;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string macAddress = null;
IPAddress ipAddress = null;
string strHostOrIp;
if (args[0] == null)
{
Console.WriteLine("Please enter an IP address or fully qualified host name");
return;
}
else
{
strHostOrIp = args[0];
}
if (NativeMethods.ParseNetworkString(strHostOrIp, NET_STRING_IPV4_ADDRESS) == 0) //true if it's an IP address
{
IPAddress address = IPAddress.Parse(strHostOrIp);
ipAddress = address;
}
else if (NativeMethods.ParseNetworkString(strHostOrIp, NET_STRING_NAMED_SERVICE) == 0) //true if it's a fully qualified host name
{
IPHostEntry hostEntry = null;
try
{
hostEntry = Dns.GetHostEntry(strHostOrIp);
}
catch
{
return;
}
if (hostEntry.AddressList.Length == 0)
{
return;
}
foreach (IPAddress ip in hostEntry.AddressList)
{
if (ip.AddressFamily == System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork) // true if we have IPv4
{
ipAddress = ip;
break;
}
}
}
else
{
ipAddress = null;
}
macAddress = GetMacAddress(ipAddress);
Console.WriteLine(macAddress);
}
}
}
// DWORD WINAPI ParseNetworkString( -in const WCHAR *NetworkString,
// -in DWORD Types,
// -out_opt PNET_ADDRESS_INFO AddressInfo,
// -out_opt USHORT *PortNumber,
// -out_opt BYTE *PrefixLength);
// ParseNetworkString function parses the input network string and checks whether it is a legal
// representation of the specified IP network string type. If the string matches a type and its
// specification, the function can optionally return the parsed result
// Return Value
// If the function succeeds, the return value is ERROR_SUCCESS. // I think this means it returns 0.
// If the function fails, the return value is one of the following error codes.
// ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER - The buffer passed to the function is too small. This error is returned if the buffer pointed to by the AddressInfo parameter is too small to hold the parsed network address.
// ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER - An invalid parameter was passed to the function. This error is returned if a NULL pointer is passed in the NetworkString parameter
// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb408412(VS.85).aspx
Thanx in advance.
This is a "more" correct DllImport:
[DllImport("iphlpapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public static extern uint ParseNetworkString(string networkString, uint types, IntPtr addressInfo, IntPtr portNumber, IntPtr prefixLength);
Example Usage:
Console.WriteLine(ParseNetworkString("192.168.100.10:20", NET_STRING_IPV4_SERVICE, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero));
The three "optional" parameters to ParseNetworkString are not optional in the sense that you can omit them. You must provide them, but you can pass null (or zero) to say that you don't want that particular value returned.