Am very (very) new to C#, I would really appreciate your assistance to code in C# a program that allows me to calculate the sum of two ASCII characters in their numeric equivalence, any ASCII character.
I have tried declaring it as an int: int A = 60,etc. Also:
char a = 'A';
int i = (int) a;
Console.WriteLine("{0}", i);
I have two days trying to do it, but my brain is not working.
Thanks!!!!
You can add the characters and assign them to an integer
char char1 = 'A';
char char2 = 'F';
int value = char1 + char2;
int sumOfAsciiCodes = Convert.ToInt32('A') + Convert.ToInt32('F');
You can create a reusable method (GetAscii()) for that task:
private void Init()
{
var result = GetAscii("AF");
int sum = 0;
foreach (var itm in result)
{
// show each ascii value
Console.WriteLine(itm.ToString());
sum += (int)itm;
}
// sum all values
Console.WriteLine(sum.ToString());
}
private byte[] GetAscii(string value)
{
byte[] asciiBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(value);
return asciiBytes;
}
If they are char types just add them together:
static int Add(char a, char b)
{
var c = a + b;
return c;
}
If they are string types you can use the following code (after you imported the "System.Linq" namespace) (updated with ckuri's suggestion):
static int Add(string a, string b)
{
var c = (a + b).Select(f=>(int)f).Sum();
return c;
}
Demo: https://dotnetfiddle.net/qbVWIP
How to convert a double into a floating-point string representation without scientific notation in the .NET Framework?
"Small" samples (effective numbers may be of any size, such as 1.5E200 or 1e-200) :
3248971234698200000000000000000000000000000000
0.00000000000000000000000000000000000023897356978234562
None of the standard number formats are like this, and a custom format also doesn't seem to allow having an open number of digits after the decimal separator.
This is not a duplicate of How to convert double to string without the power to 10 representation (E-05) because the answers given there do not solve the issue at hand. The accepted solution in this question was to use a fixed point (such as 20 digits), which is not what I want. A fixed point formatting and trimming the redundant 0 doesn't solve the issue either because the max width for fixed width is 99 characters.
Note: the solution has to deal correctly with custom number formats (e.g. other decimal separator, depending on culture information).
Edit: The question is really only about displaing aforementioned numbers. I'm aware of how floating point numbers work and what numbers can be used and computed with them.
For a general-purpose¹ solution you need to preserve 339 places:
doubleValue.ToString("0." + new string('#', 339))
The maximum number of non-zero decimal digits is 16. 15 are on the right side of the decimal point. The exponent can move those 15 digits a maximum of 324 places to the right. (See the range and precision.)
It works for double.Epsilon, double.MinValue, double.MaxValue, and anything in between.
The performance will be much greater than the regex/string manipulation solutions since all formatting and string work is done in one pass by unmanaged CLR code. Also, the code is much simpler to prove correct.
For ease of use and even better performance, make it a constant:
public static class FormatStrings
{
public const string DoubleFixedPoint = "0.###################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################";
}
¹ Update: I mistakenly said that this was also a lossless solution. In fact it is not, since ToString does its normal display rounding for all formats except r. Live example. Thanks, #Loathing! Please see Lothing’s answer if you need the ability to roundtrip in fixed point notation (i.e, if you’re using .ToString("r") today).
I had a similar problem and this worked for me:
doubleValue.ToString("F99").TrimEnd('0')
F99 may be overkill, but you get the idea.
This is a string parsing solution where the source number (double) is converted into a string and parsed into its constituent components. It is then reassembled by rules into the full-length numeric representation. It also accounts for locale as requested.
Update: The tests of the conversions only include single-digit whole numbers, which is the norm, but the algorithm also works for something like: 239483.340901e-20
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Threading;
public class MyClass
{
public static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine(ToLongString(1.23e-2));
Console.WriteLine(ToLongString(1.234e-5)); // 0.00010234
Console.WriteLine(ToLongString(1.2345E-10)); // 0.00000001002345
Console.WriteLine(ToLongString(1.23456E-20)); // 0.00000000000000000100023456
Console.WriteLine(ToLongString(5E-20));
Console.WriteLine("");
Console.WriteLine(ToLongString(1.23E+2)); // 123
Console.WriteLine(ToLongString(1.234e5)); // 1023400
Console.WriteLine(ToLongString(1.2345E10)); // 1002345000000
Console.WriteLine(ToLongString(-7.576E-05)); // -0.00007576
Console.WriteLine(ToLongString(1.23456e20));
Console.WriteLine(ToLongString(5e+20));
Console.WriteLine("");
Console.WriteLine(ToLongString(9.1093822E-31)); // mass of an electron
Console.WriteLine(ToLongString(5.9736e24)); // mass of the earth
Console.ReadLine();
}
private static string ToLongString(double input)
{
string strOrig = input.ToString();
string str = strOrig.ToUpper();
// if string representation was collapsed from scientific notation, just return it:
if (!str.Contains("E")) return strOrig;
bool negativeNumber = false;
if (str[0] == '-')
{
str = str.Remove(0, 1);
negativeNumber = true;
}
string sep = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.NumberFormat.NumberDecimalSeparator;
char decSeparator = sep.ToCharArray()[0];
string[] exponentParts = str.Split('E');
string[] decimalParts = exponentParts[0].Split(decSeparator);
// fix missing decimal point:
if (decimalParts.Length==1) decimalParts = new string[]{exponentParts[0],"0"};
int exponentValue = int.Parse(exponentParts[1]);
string newNumber = decimalParts[0] + decimalParts[1];
string result;
if (exponentValue > 0)
{
result =
newNumber +
GetZeros(exponentValue - decimalParts[1].Length);
}
else // negative exponent
{
result =
"0" +
decSeparator +
GetZeros(exponentValue + decimalParts[0].Length) +
newNumber;
result = result.TrimEnd('0');
}
if (negativeNumber)
result = "-" + result;
return result;
}
private static string GetZeros(int zeroCount)
{
if (zeroCount < 0)
zeroCount = Math.Abs(zeroCount);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < zeroCount; i++) sb.Append("0");
return sb.ToString();
}
}
You could cast the double to decimal and then do ToString().
(0.000000005).ToString() // 5E-09
((decimal)(0.000000005)).ToString() // 0,000000005
I haven't done performance testing which is faster, casting from 64-bit double to 128-bit decimal or a format string of over 300 chars. Oh, and there might possibly be overflow errors during conversion, but if your values fit a decimal this should work fine.
Update: The casting seems to be a lot faster. Using a prepared format string as given in the other answer, formatting a million times takes 2.3 seconds and casting only 0.19 seconds. Repeatable. That's 10x faster. Now it's only about the value range.
This is what I've got so far, seems to work, but maybe someone has a better solution:
private static readonly Regex rxScientific = new Regex(#"^(?<sign>-?)(?<head>\d+)(\.(?<tail>\d*?)0*)?E(?<exponent>[+\-]\d+)$", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase|RegexOptions.ExplicitCapture|RegexOptions.CultureInvariant);
public static string ToFloatingPointString(double value) {
return ToFloatingPointString(value, NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo);
}
public static string ToFloatingPointString(double value, NumberFormatInfo formatInfo) {
string result = value.ToString("r", NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo);
Match match = rxScientific.Match(result);
if (match.Success) {
Debug.WriteLine("Found scientific format: {0} => [{1}] [{2}] [{3}] [{4}]", result, match.Groups["sign"], match.Groups["head"], match.Groups["tail"], match.Groups["exponent"]);
int exponent = int.Parse(match.Groups["exponent"].Value, NumberStyles.Integer, NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo);
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(result.Length+Math.Abs(exponent));
builder.Append(match.Groups["sign"].Value);
if (exponent >= 0) {
builder.Append(match.Groups["head"].Value);
string tail = match.Groups["tail"].Value;
if (exponent < tail.Length) {
builder.Append(tail, 0, exponent);
builder.Append(formatInfo.NumberDecimalSeparator);
builder.Append(tail, exponent, tail.Length-exponent);
} else {
builder.Append(tail);
builder.Append('0', exponent-tail.Length);
}
} else {
builder.Append('0');
builder.Append(formatInfo.NumberDecimalSeparator);
builder.Append('0', (-exponent)-1);
builder.Append(match.Groups["head"].Value);
builder.Append(match.Groups["tail"].Value);
}
result = builder.ToString();
}
return result;
}
// test code
double x = 1.0;
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
x /= 10;
}
Console.WriteLine(x);
Console.WriteLine(ToFloatingPointString(x));
The problem using #.###...### or F99 is that it doesn't preserve precision at the ending decimal places, e.g:
String t1 = (0.0001/7).ToString("0." + new string('#', 339)); // 0.0000142857142857143
String t2 = (0.0001/7).ToString("r"); // 1.4285714285714287E-05
The problem with DecimalConverter.cs is that it is slow. This code is the same idea as Sasik's answer, but twice as fast. Unit test method at bottom.
public static class RoundTrip {
private static String[] zeros = new String[1000];
static RoundTrip() {
for (int i = 0; i < zeros.Length; i++) {
zeros[i] = new String('0', i);
}
}
private static String ToRoundTrip(double value) {
String str = value.ToString("r");
int x = str.IndexOf('E');
if (x < 0) return str;
int x1 = x + 1;
String exp = str.Substring(x1, str.Length - x1);
int e = int.Parse(exp);
String s = null;
int numDecimals = 0;
if (value < 0) {
int len = x - 3;
if (e >= 0) {
if (len > 0) {
s = str.Substring(0, 2) + str.Substring(3, len);
numDecimals = len;
}
else
s = str.Substring(0, 2);
}
else {
// remove the leading minus sign
if (len > 0) {
s = str.Substring(1, 1) + str.Substring(3, len);
numDecimals = len;
}
else
s = str.Substring(1, 1);
}
}
else {
int len = x - 2;
if (len > 0) {
s = str[0] + str.Substring(2, len);
numDecimals = len;
}
else
s = str[0].ToString();
}
if (e >= 0) {
e = e - numDecimals;
String z = (e < zeros.Length ? zeros[e] : new String('0', e));
s = s + z;
}
else {
e = (-e - 1);
String z = (e < zeros.Length ? zeros[e] : new String('0', e));
if (value < 0)
s = "-0." + z + s;
else
s = "0." + z + s;
}
return s;
}
private static void RoundTripUnitTest() {
StringBuilder sb33 = new StringBuilder();
double[] values = new [] { 123450000000000000.0, 1.0 / 7, 10000000000.0/7, 100000000000000000.0/7, 0.001/7, 0.0001/7, 100000000000000000.0, 0.00000000001,
1.23e-2, 1.234e-5, 1.2345E-10, 1.23456E-20, 5E-20, 1.23E+2, 1.234e5, 1.2345E10, -7.576E-05, 1.23456e20, 5e+20, 9.1093822E-31, 5.9736e24, double.Epsilon };
foreach (int sign in new [] { 1, -1 }) {
foreach (double val in values) {
double val2 = sign * val;
String s1 = val2.ToString("r");
String s2 = ToRoundTrip(val2);
double val2_ = double.Parse(s2);
double diff = Math.Abs(val2 - val2_);
if (diff != 0) {
throw new Exception("Value {0} did not pass ToRoundTrip.".Format2(val.ToString("r")));
}
sb33.AppendLine(s1);
sb33.AppendLine(s2);
sb33.AppendLine();
}
}
}
}
The obligatory Logarithm-based solution. Note that this solution, because it involves doing math, may reduce the accuracy of your number a little bit. Not heavily tested.
private static string DoubleToLongString(double x)
{
int shift = (int)Math.Log10(x);
if (Math.Abs(shift) <= 2)
{
return x.ToString();
}
if (shift < 0)
{
double y = x * Math.Pow(10, -shift);
return "0.".PadRight(-shift + 2, '0') + y.ToString().Substring(2);
}
else
{
double y = x * Math.Pow(10, 2 - shift);
return y + "".PadRight(shift - 2, '0');
}
}
Edit: If the decimal point crosses non-zero part of the number, this algorithm will fail miserably. I tried for simple and went too far.
In the old days when we had to write our own formatters, we'd isolate the mantissa and exponent and format them separately.
In this article by Jon Skeet (https://csharpindepth.com/articles/FloatingPoint) he provides a link to his DoubleConverter.cs routine that should do exactly what you want. Skeet also refers to this at extracting mantissa and exponent from double in c#.
I have just improvised on the code above to make it work for negative exponential values.
using System;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
namespace ConvertNumbersInScientificNotationToPlainNumbers
{
class Program
{
private static string ToLongString(double input)
{
string str = input.ToString(System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
// if string representation was collapsed from scientific notation, just return it:
if (!str.Contains("E")) return str;
var positive = true;
if (input < 0)
{
positive = false;
}
string sep = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.NumberFormat.NumberDecimalSeparator;
char decSeparator = sep.ToCharArray()[0];
string[] exponentParts = str.Split('E');
string[] decimalParts = exponentParts[0].Split(decSeparator);
// fix missing decimal point:
if (decimalParts.Length == 1) decimalParts = new string[] { exponentParts[0], "0" };
int exponentValue = int.Parse(exponentParts[1]);
string newNumber = decimalParts[0].Replace("-", "").
Replace("+", "") + decimalParts[1];
string result;
if (exponentValue > 0)
{
if (positive)
result =
newNumber +
GetZeros(exponentValue - decimalParts[1].Length);
else
result = "-" +
newNumber +
GetZeros(exponentValue - decimalParts[1].Length);
}
else // negative exponent
{
if (positive)
result =
"0" +
decSeparator +
GetZeros(exponentValue + decimalParts[0].Replace("-", "").
Replace("+", "").Length) + newNumber;
else
result =
"-0" +
decSeparator +
GetZeros(exponentValue + decimalParts[0].Replace("-", "").
Replace("+", "").Length) + newNumber;
result = result.TrimEnd('0');
}
float temp = 0.00F;
if (float.TryParse(result, out temp))
{
return result;
}
throw new Exception();
}
private static string GetZeros(int zeroCount)
{
if (zeroCount < 0)
zeroCount = Math.Abs(zeroCount);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < zeroCount; i++) sb.Append("0");
return sb.ToString();
}
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
//Get Input Directory.
Console.WriteLine(#"Enter the Input Directory");
var readLine = Console.ReadLine();
if (readLine == null)
{
Console.WriteLine(#"Enter the input path properly.");
return;
}
var pathToInputDirectory = readLine.Trim();
//Get Output Directory.
Console.WriteLine(#"Enter the Output Directory");
readLine = Console.ReadLine();
if (readLine == null)
{
Console.WriteLine(#"Enter the output path properly.");
return;
}
var pathToOutputDirectory = readLine.Trim();
//Get Delimiter.
Console.WriteLine("Enter the delimiter;");
var columnDelimiter = (char)Console.Read();
//Loop over all files in the directory.
foreach (var inputFileName in Directory.GetFiles(pathToInputDirectory))
{
var outputFileWithouthNumbersInScientificNotation = string.Empty;
Console.WriteLine("Started operation on File : " + inputFileName);
if (File.Exists(inputFileName))
{
// Read the file
using (var file = new StreamReader(inputFileName))
{
string line;
while ((line = file.ReadLine()) != null)
{
String[] columns = line.Split(columnDelimiter);
var duplicateLine = string.Empty;
int lengthOfColumns = columns.Length;
int counter = 1;
foreach (var column in columns)
{
var columnDuplicate = column;
try
{
if (Regex.IsMatch(columnDuplicate.Trim(),
#"^[+-]?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?[E]([+-]?[0-9]+)$",
RegexOptions.IgnoreCase))
{
Console.WriteLine("Regular expression matched for this :" + column);
columnDuplicate = ToLongString(Double.Parse
(column,
System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Float));
Console.WriteLine("Converted this no in scientific notation " +
"" + column + " to this number " +
columnDuplicate);
}
}
catch (Exception)
{
}
duplicateLine = duplicateLine + columnDuplicate;
if (counter != lengthOfColumns)
{
duplicateLine = duplicateLine + columnDelimiter.ToString();
}
counter++;
}
duplicateLine = duplicateLine + Environment.NewLine;
outputFileWithouthNumbersInScientificNotation = outputFileWithouthNumbersInScientificNotation + duplicateLine;
}
file.Close();
}
var outputFilePathWithoutNumbersInScientificNotation
= Path.Combine(pathToOutputDirectory, Path.GetFileName(inputFileName));
//Create Directory If it does not exist.
if (!Directory.Exists(pathToOutputDirectory))
Directory.CreateDirectory(pathToOutputDirectory);
using (var outputFile =
new StreamWriter(outputFilePathWithoutNumbersInScientificNotation))
{
outputFile.Write(outputFileWithouthNumbersInScientificNotation);
outputFile.Close();
}
Console.WriteLine("The transformed file is here :" +
outputFilePathWithoutNumbersInScientificNotation);
}
}
}
}
}
This code takes an input directory and based on the delimiter converts all values in scientific notation to numeric format.
Thanks
try this one:
public static string DoubleToFullString(double value,
NumberFormatInfo formatInfo)
{
string[] valueExpSplit;
string result, decimalSeparator;
int indexOfDecimalSeparator, exp;
valueExpSplit = value.ToString("r", formatInfo)
.ToUpper()
.Split(new char[] { 'E' });
if (valueExpSplit.Length > 1)
{
result = valueExpSplit[0];
exp = int.Parse(valueExpSplit[1]);
decimalSeparator = formatInfo.NumberDecimalSeparator;
if ((indexOfDecimalSeparator
= valueExpSplit[0].IndexOf(decimalSeparator)) > -1)
{
exp -= (result.Length - indexOfDecimalSeparator - 1);
result = result.Replace(decimalSeparator, "");
}
if (exp >= 0) result += new string('0', Math.Abs(exp));
else
{
exp = Math.Abs(exp);
if (exp >= result.Length)
{
result = "0." + new string('0', exp - result.Length)
+ result;
}
else
{
result = result.Insert(result.Length - exp, decimalSeparator);
}
}
}
else result = valueExpSplit[0];
return result;
}
Being millions of programmers world wide, it's always a good practice to try search if someone has bumped into your problem already. Sometimes there's solutions are garbage, which means it's time to write your own, and sometimes there are great, such as the following:
http://www.yoda.arachsys.com/csharp/DoubleConverter.cs
(details: http://www.yoda.arachsys.com/csharp/floatingpoint.html)
string strdScaleFactor = dScaleFactor.ToString(); // where dScaleFactor = 3.531467E-05
decimal decimalScaleFactor = Decimal.Parse(strdScaleFactor, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Float);
I don't know if my answer to the question can still be helpful. But in this case I suggest the "decomposition of the double variable into decimal places" to store it in an Array / Array of data of type String.
This process of decomposition and storage in parts (number by number) from double to string, would basically work with the use of two loops and an "alternative" (if you thought of workaround, I think you got it), where the first loop will extract the values from double without converting to String, resulting in blessed scientific notation and storing number by number in an Array. And this will be done using MOD - the same method to check a palindrome number, which would be for example:
String[] Array_ = new double[ **here you will put an extreme value of places your DOUBLE can reach, you must have a prediction**];
for (int i = 0, variableDoubleMonstrous > 0, i++){
x = variableDoubleMonstrous %10;
Array_[i] = x;
variableDoubleMonstrous /= 10;
}
And the second loop to invert the Array values (because in this process of checking a palindrome, the values invert from the last place, to the first, from the penultimate to the second and so on. Remember?) to get the original value:
String[] ArrayFinal = new String[the same number of "places" / indices of the other Array / Data array];
int lengthArray = Array_.Length;
for (int i = 0, i < Array_.Length, i++){
FinalArray[i] = Array_[lengthArray - 1];
lengthArray--;
}
***Warning: There's a catch that I didn't pay attention to. In that case there will be no "." (floating point decimal separator or double), so this solution is not generalized. But if it is really important to use decimal separators, unfortunately the only possibility (If done well, it will have a great performance) is:
**Use a routine to get the position of the decimal point of the original value, the one with scientific notation - the important thing is that you know that this floating point is before a number such as the "Length" position x, and after a number such as the y position - extracting each digit using the loops - as shown above - and at the end "export" the data from the last Array to another one, including the decimal place divider (the comma, or the period , if variable decimal, double or float) in the imaginary position that was in the original variable, in the "real" position of that matrix.
*** The concept of position is, find out how many numbers occur before the decimal point, so with this information you will be able to store in the String Array the point in the real position.
NEEDS THAT CAN BE MADE:
But then you ask:
But what about when I'm going to convert String to a floating point value?
My answer is that you use the second matrix of this entire process (the one that receives the inversion of the first matrix that obtains the numbers by the palindrome method) and use it for the conversion, but always making sure, when necessary, of the position of the decimal place in future situations, in case this conversion (Double -> String) is needed again.
But what if the problem is to use the value of the converted Double (Array of Strings) in a calculation. Then in this case you went around in circles. Well, the original variable will work anyway even with scientific notation. The only difference between floating point and decimal variable types is in the rounding of values, which depending on the purpose, it will only be necessary to change the type of data used, but it is dangerous to have a significant loss of information, look here
I could be wrong, but isn't it like this?
data.ToString("n");
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dwhawy9k.aspx
i think you need only to use IFormat with
ToString(doubleVar, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Number)
example:
double d = double.MaxValue;
string s = d.ToString(d, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Number);
My solution was using the custom formats.
try this:
double d;
d = 1234.12341234;
d.ToString("#########0.#########");
Just to build on what jcasso said what you can do is to adjust your double value by changing the exponent so that your favorite format would do it for you, apply the format, and than pad the result with zeros to compensate for the adjustment.
This works fine for me...
double number = 1.5E+200;
string s = number.ToString("#");
//Output: "150000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
I, like many hopeless romantics in the online world, believe that I can successfully mine bit coins. Problems is, I can't get the basic algorithm correct for taking data from a previous mine block and creating the hash for the next mined block. I understand from several articles that we start with the current hash of a block, reverse and append the merkel root, add the nonce, then get the SHA256 hash of that string.
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//get the hash of the current block
string currentHash =
#"000000000000000000c5c04011f9a3fb5f46064fed7e06dcdae69024ed6484c1";
//get the merkel root
string merkel =
#"f73a382814c51cbc5a59ab9817ac54c63decb7b3dac5b049df5213c029162bdf";
//reverese the merkel root
char[] c = merkel.ToCharArray();
Array.Reverse(c);
merkel = new string(c);
//get a hash object that returns SHA256
Hash hash = new Hash();
//get the nonce that mined the block
uint nonce = 3546041956;
//string together current hash, merkel root and the hex of the nonce
string stringTotal = currentHash + merkel + nonce.ToString("x2");
//calculate the SHA256 hash of the
string nextHash = hash.GetHash(stringTotal);
Console.WriteLine(nextHash);
Console.ReadKey();
}
Anyone know the correct algorithm? I used this block https://blockchain.info/block-height/477065 and tried to calculate the hash for the next block.
So I was curious about the same thing. This is what I came up with. It's obviously not production quality, but it gets the idea across and seems to work.
It probably would have been much easier if it weren't for the reverse and swap logic that was practically undocumented everything I was looking.
Anyways, hope this helps. I found a bunch of help here if you're interested: http://trogers.net/2018/01/29/how-to-validate-a-bitcoin-blocks-proof-of-work-c/
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// https://blockchain.info/block-height/286819
int version = 2;
string previousBlock = "000000000000000117c80378b8da0e33559b5997f2ad55e2f7d18ec1975b9717";
string merkelRoot = "871714dcbae6c8193a2bb9b2a69fe1c0440399f38d94b3a0f1b447275a29978a";
uint nonce = 856192328;
long timestamp = new DateTimeOffset(DateTime.SpecifyKind(DateTime.Parse("2014-02-20 04:57:25"), DateTimeKind.Utc)).ToUnixTimeSeconds();
uint bits = 419520339;
var header = new StringBuilder()
.Append(ReverseAndSwap(version.ToString("D8")))
.Append(ReverseAndSwap(previousBlock))
.Append(ReverseAndSwap(merkelRoot))
.Append(ReverseAndSwap(timestamp.ToString("x2")))
.Append(ReverseAndSwap(bits.ToString("x2")))
.Append(ReverseAndSwap(nonce.ToString("x2")))
.ToString();
Debug.Assert(string.CompareOrdinal(header, "0200000017975b97c18ed1f7e255adf297599b55330edab87803c81701000000000000008a97295a2747b4f1a0b3948df3990344c0e19fa6b2b92b3a19c8e6badc141787358b0553535f011948750833") == 0);
var bytes = HexToBytes(header);
SHA256 sha = new SHA256Managed();
bytes = sha.ComputeHash(sha.ComputeHash(bytes)).Reverse().ToArray();
var hash = BytesToHex(bytes);
Debug.Assert(string.CompareOrdinal(hash, "0000000000000000e067a478024addfecdc93628978aa52d91fabd4292982a50") == 0);
}
private static string ReverseAndSwap(string input)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (var i = input.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
sb.Append(input[i - (i % 2 == 0 ? -1 : 1)]);
}
return sb.ToString();
}
public static byte[] HexToBytes(string hex)
{
byte[] hexAsBytes = new byte[hex.Length / 2];
for (int index = 0; index < hexAsBytes.Length; index++)
{
string byteValue = hex.Substring(index * 2, 2);
hexAsBytes[index] = byte.Parse(byteValue, NumberStyles.HexNumber, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
}
return hexAsBytes;
}
public static string BytesToHex(byte[] bytes)
{
var output = new StringBuilder(bytes.Length * 2);
for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; ++i)
{
output.AppendFormat("{0:x2}", bytes[i]);
}
return output.ToString();
}
}
I am trying to get some data to write to a binary file. The data consists of multiple values (strings, decimal, ints) that need to be a single string and then written to a binary file.
What I have so far creates the file, but it's putting my string in there as they appear and not converting them to binary, which I assume should look like 1010001010 etc. when I open the file in notepad?
The actual output is Jesse23023130123456789.54321 instead of the binary digits.
Where have I steered myself wrong on this?
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.IO;
namespace BinaryData
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string name = "Jesse";
int courseNum = 230;
int num = 23130;
decimal d = 123456789.54321M;
string combined = name + courseNum + num + d;
FileStream writeStream;
writeStream = new FileStream("BinaryData.dat", FileMode.Create);
BinaryWriter bw = new BinaryWriter(writeStream);
bw.Write(combined);
}
}
}
There's more than one way to do this, but here's a basic approach. After you combine everything into a single string iterate through the string and convert each character into it's binary representation with Convert.ToString(char, 2). ASCII characters normally will be 7 bits or less in length, so you'll need to PadLeft(8, '0') to ensure 8 bits per byte. Then for the reverse you just grab 8 bits at a time and convert it back to its ASCII character. Without padding with leading 0's to ensure eight bits you won't be sure how many bits make up each character in the file.
using System;
using System.Text;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
string name = "Jesse";
int courseNum = 230;
int num = 23130;
decimal d = 123456789.54321M;
string combined = name + courseNum + num + d;
// Translate ASCII to binary
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (char c in combined)
{
sb.Append(Convert.ToString(c, 2).PadLeft(8, '0'));
}
string binary = sb.ToString();
Console.WriteLine(binary);
// Translate binary to ASCII
StringBuilder decodedBinary = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < binary.Length; i += 8)
{
decodedBinary.Append(Convert.ToChar(Convert.ToByte(binary.Substring(i, 8), 2)));
}
Console.WriteLine(decodedBinary);
}
}
Results:
01001010011001010111001101110011011001010011001000110011001100000011001000110011001100010011001100110000001100010011001000110011001101000011010100110110001101110011100000111001001011100011010100110100001100110011001000110001
Jesse23023130123456789.54321
Fiddle Demo
Here you go:
The main method:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string name = "Jesse";
int courseNum = 230;
int num = 23130;
decimal d = 123456789.54321M;
string combined = name + courseNum + num + d;
string bitString = GetBits(combined);
System.IO.File.WriteAllText(#"your_full_path_with_exiting_text_file", bitString);
Console.ReadLine();
}
The method returns the bits, 0 and 1 based on your string input of-course:
public static string GetBits(string input)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (byte b in Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(input))
{
sb.Append(Convert.ToString(b, 2));
}
return sb.ToString();
}
If you want to create the .txt file then add the code for it. This example has already a .txt created, so it just needs the full path to write to it.
I'm a newer programmer with C#. I am having an issue where my character frequency reading program is not displaying the ASCII values correctly. What it is supposed to do is read from a text file, convert all uppercase to lowercase, display the ASCII values, frequency appeared, and percentage of the total number of characters each character appears in the file and then sort the list by frequency. Below is my code so far:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using LibUtil;
using LibDate;
namespace Ch8Prb3
{
class Program
{
const string INPUT_FILE_NAME = "\\CIS210\\Ch8Prb3\\TextDat.Txt";
const string OUTPUT_FILE_NAME = "\\CIS210\\Ch8Prb3\\Ch8Prb3Rpt.Txt";
int count;
static StreamReader fileIn;
static StreamWriter fileOut;
static void Main()
{
ConsoleApp.ClrScr(); IdentifyApplication();
OpenFiles(); LetterFreq();
CloseFiles();
}
static void IdentifyApplication()
{
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Application: Ch8Prb3 -- Find and display a character-frequency ");
Console.WriteLine(" report of only letter chracters and their");
Console.WriteLine(" ASCII values from a text file.");
Console.WriteLine();
}
static void OpenFiles()
{
try
{
fileIn = File.OpenText(INPUT_FILE_NAME);
Console.WriteLine("{0} was opened", INPUT_FILE_NAME);
}
catch
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0} does not exist\n", INPUT_FILE_NAME);
ConsoleApp.Exit();
}
try
{
fileOut = File.CreateText(OUTPUT_FILE_NAME);
Console.WriteLine("{0} was created\n", OUTPUT_FILE_NAME);
}
catch
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0} could not be created\n", OUTPUT_FILE_NAME);
ConsoleApp.Exit();
}
}
static void LetterFreq()
{
int[] c = new int[(int)char.MaxValue];
int total = 0;
int j = 0;
string s = File.ReadAllText("\\CIS210\\Ch8Prb3\\TextDat.Txt");
string l = Convert.ToString(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s));
s = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo.ToLower(s.ToLower());
double percent;
foreach (char t in s)
{
c[(int)t]++;
}
PrintHeader();
for (int i = 0; i < (int)char.MaxValue; i++)
{
if (c[i] > 0 && char.IsLetter((char)i))
{
total += c[i];
percent = c[i] / total * 100;
fileOut.WriteLine(" {0} {1,3} {2,3} {3,2:f2}", (char)i, l, c[i], percent);
}
}
fileOut.WriteLine();
fileOut.WriteLine("Number of Characters: {0}", total);
}
static void PrintHeader()
{
fileOut.WriteLine(" Chapter 8 Problem 3");
fileOut.WriteLine("Character Frequency Report");
fileOut.WriteLine(" {0:MM/dd/yyyy}", Date.Today);
fileOut.WriteLine();
fileOut.WriteLine(" ASCII ");
fileOut.WriteLine("Char Value Freq Percent");
fileOut.WriteLine("---- ----- ---- -------");
}
static void CloseFiles()
{
fileIn.Close(); fileOut.Close();
}
}
}
Instead of getting the ASCII value of each character, I'm getting System.Byte [] all the way down the ASCII column.
Help!
This is the problem:
Convert.ToString(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s));
Encoding.GetBytes(string) returns a byte[], and calling Convert.ToString() on that will just return System.Byte[].
It's not clear why you're using Encoding.ASCII at all here - you've got the contents of the file as a string, on the previous line:
string s = File.ReadAllText("\\CIS210\\Ch8Prb3\\TextDat.Txt");
Just use that instead of l. It's not clear what you're expecting to do with l anyway, to be honest. By "ASCII value" if you mean the Unicode code point for the character, just cast i to int:
fileOut.WriteLine(" {0} {1,3} {2,3} {3,2:f2}", (char)i, (int) i, c[i], percent);
Oh, and you probably want to change the way you're computing percent, too - you're using integer arithmetic, so the result will always be 0.
It's not clear why you're lower-casing the string twice either, by the way. Don't you think once is enough? Why are you lower-casing at all?
Oh, and you open an input file, but never do anything with it. Why?
There are various other things I'd change about your code - not least the layout (one statement per line, almost always!) - but this'll do for a start.
You program con be condensed considerably using list and groupby:
class Program
{
const string INPUT_FILE_NAME = "\\CIS210\\Ch8Prb3\\TextDat.Txt";
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var s = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(INPUT_FILE_NAME).ToLower();
var list = s.ToList();
var group = list.GroupBy(i => i);
foreach (var g in group)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", g.Key, g.Count());
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}