How to check if a windows service is installed in C# - c#

I've written a Windows Service that exposes a WCF service to a GUI installed on the same machine. When I run the GUI, if I can't connect to the service, I need to know if it's because the service app hasn't been installed yet, or if it's because the service is not running. If the former, I'll want to install it (as described here); if the latter, I'll want to start it up.
Question is: how do you detect if the service is installed, and then having detected that it's installed, how do you start it up?

Use:
// add a reference to System.ServiceProcess.dll
using System.ServiceProcess;
// ...
ServiceController ctl = ServiceController.GetServices()
.FirstOrDefault(s => s.ServiceName == "myservice");
if(ctl==null)
Console.WriteLine("Not installed");
else
Console.WriteLine(ctl.Status);

You could use the following as well..
using System.ServiceProcess;
...
var serviceExists = ServiceController.GetServices().Any(s => s.ServiceName == serviceName);

Actually looping like this:
foreach (ServiceController SC in ServiceController.GetServices())
may throw Access Denied exception if the account under which your application is running doesn't have rights to view service properties. On the other hand, you can safely do this even if no service with such name exist:
ServiceController SC = new ServiceController("AnyServiceName");
But accessing its properties if service doesn't exist will result in InvalidOperationException. So here's a safe way to check if a service is installed:
ServiceController SC = new ServiceController("MyServiceName");
bool ServiceIsInstalled = false;
try
{
// actually we need to try access ANY of service properties
// at least once to trigger an exception
// not neccessarily its name
string ServiceName = SC.DisplayName;
ServiceIsInstalled = true;
}
catch (InvalidOperationException) { }
finally
{
SC.Close();
}

For non-linq, you can just iterate thru the array like this:
using System.ServiceProcess;
bool serviceExists = false
foreach (ServiceController sc in ServiceController.GetServices())
{
if (sc.ServiceName == "myServiceName")
{
//service is found
serviceExists = true;
break;
}
}

I think this is the best answer for this question. There is no need to add extra processing to verify if the service exists, since it will throw an exception if it doesn't. You just need to catch it. You also do not need to close() the connecting if you wrap the entire method in using().
using (ServiceController sc = new ServiceController(ServiceName))
{
try
{
if (sc.Status != ServiceControllerStatus.Running)
{
sc.Start();
sc.WaitForStatus(ServiceControllerStatus.Running, new TimeSpan(0, 0, 10));
//service is now Started
}
else
//Service was already started
}
catch (System.ServiceProcess.TimeoutException)
{
//Service was stopped but could not restart (10 second timeout)
}
catch (InvalidOperationException)
{
//This Service does not exist
}
}

private bool ServiceExists(string serviceName)
{
ServiceController[] services = ServiceController.GetServices();
var service = services.FirstOrDefault(s => string.Equals(s.ServiceName, serviceName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
return service != null;
}

Related

How to skip telling a service/process to stop if it is already stopped

I am building an App to uninstall a program.
First I need to get all associated services and Processes to stop.
After some trial and error I have created the following command:
///Stop SQL and Act service
List<string> servicesList = new List<string>{
"ACT! Service Host",
"ACT! Smart Task Service Host",
"ActConnectLink",
"SQL Server (ACT7)",
"SQL Server Browser",
"Act! Scheduler",
"APFWLicensingSrvc"
};
foreach (string serviceName in servicesList)
{
StopRunningService(serviceName);
}
private void StopRunningService(string name)
{
ServiceController service = new ServiceController(name);
if (service.Status == ServiceControllerStatus.Running)
{
service.Stop();
}
}
The only problem with this, is that if a service is already stopped or does not exist (as this is App will be to remove 3 slightly different versions of software made by my company so some will have some API features and services and some wont), then the test fails and i get:
System.InvalidOperationException: 'Service "Service name" was not found on computer '.'.'
So I want to introduce an "If" command to help it get past the problem.
Something like "If service is found and is running", then have it continue with stopping the service.
From that I can then figure out how to do the same thing with processes.
Can anyone point me in the right direction with this?
You could probably make use of ServiceController.GetServices
Retrieves the non-device driver services on a computer, and those that
are not drivers.
var services = ServiceController.GetServices(machineName);
var servicesList = new List<string>
{
"ACT! Service Host",
"ACT! Smart Task Service Host",
"ActConnectLink",
"SQL Server (ACT7)",
"SQL Server Browser",
"Act! Scheduler",
"APFWLicensingSrvc"
};
var activeServices = services.Where(x => servicesList.Contains(x.ServiceName) && x.Status != ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped);
foreach (var service in activeServices)
{
try
{
service.Stop();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
// maybe log something here
}
}
Note : I am not professing this is the solve to all your problems and is a clean cut solution. I am just pointing out how to get the names and filter known services

SQL Server service does not start by code

I need a service that run automatically start the SQL instances that are on the machine. So far so good, I can make all of them work, but when I run on a machine with Windows 7 I get an error 1053 (timeout). But changed the timeout to 180000 and the error continues.
I do the same process in Windows 10 and runs 100% on instances of SQL Express 2005, 2008 and 2012.
I can not be sure if the problem is actually Windows 7 or SQL Server 2005 that is in this windows 7 if I do the process manually start it starts normally.
Code:
public static bool StartServices()
{
try
{
bool startedWithSuccess = false;
foreach (var servico in GetInstances())
{
using (servico)
{
if (servico.Status != ServiceControllerStatus.Running
&& servico.Status != ServiceControllerStatus.StartPending)
{
servico.Start();
startedWithSuccess = TimeoutHelper.RetryUntilSuccessOrTimeout(() =>
{
servico.Refresh();
return servico.Status != ServiceControllerStatus.Running ? false : true;
}, TIMEOUT_IN_MILLISECONS);
}
else
{
startedWithSuccess = true;
}
}
}
return startedWithSuccess;
}
catch (Exception)
{
throw new SqlServerStartServiceException();
}
}
public static ServiceController[] GetInstances()
{
ServiceController[] services = ServiceController.GetServices().Where(x => x.ServiceName.Contains("SQL")).ToArray();
var lista = services.Where(x => x.DisplayName.Contains("Agent") ||
x.DisplayName.Contains("Browser") ||
x.DisplayName.Contains("VSS") ||
x.DisplayName.Contains("Active")).ToArray();
return services.Except(lista).ToArray();
}
Using the cmd and net start xxxx command also works.
The mcs will run as you user that's not the same thing as the user this service runs as. Navigate to the service right click> properties and change the user from local machine to one that has access. Try your user to see if that works than its a security issue. technet
I solved this problem inserting dependencies in the service.
this.serviceInstaller.ServicesDependedOn = SqlServerServiceHelper.GetInstances().Select(x => x.ServiceName).ToArray();
public static ServiceController[] GetInstances()
{
ServiceController[] services = ServiceController.GetServices().Where(x => x.ServiceName.Contains("SQL")).ToArray();
var servicesToRemove = services.Where(x => x.DisplayName.Contains("Agent") ||
x.DisplayName.Contains("Browser") ||
x.DisplayName.Contains("VSS") ||
x.DisplayName.Contains("Active")).ToArray();
return services.Except(servicesToRemove).ToArray();
}

start Windows Service

i am writing a windows service that checks for a particular service and check it. if it is stop it will start it...
protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
{
Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ServiceThreadFunction));
thread.Start();
}
public void ServiceThreadFunction()
{
try
{
ServiceController dc = new ServiceController("WebClient");
//ServiceController[] services = ServiceController.GetServices();
while (true)
{
if ((int)dc.Status == 1)
{
dc.Start();
WriteLog(dc.Status.ToString);
if ((int)dc.Status == 0)
{
//heartbeat
}
}
else
{
//service started
}
//Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// log errors
}
}
i want the service to check for the another service and start... plz help me how can i do that
First of all, why are you casting the ServiceController's Status property from the convenient ServiceControllerStatus enum to an int? Best to leave it as an enum. Especially since your Heartbeat code, which compares it to 0, will never be run because ServiceControllerStatus doesn't have 0 as a possible value.
Secondly, you shouldn't use a while(true) loop. Even with the Thread.Sleep you have commented out there, it's a needless drain on resources. You can just use the WaitForStatus method to wait for the service to start:
ServiceController sc = new ServiceController("WebClient");
if (sc.Status == ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)
{
sc.Start();
sc.WaitForStatus (ServiceControllerStatus.Running, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30));
}
This will wait up to 30 seconds (or whatever) for the service to reach the Running state.
UPDATE: I re-read the original question, and I think what you're trying to do here shouldn't even be done with code. If I understood correctly, you want to set a dependency for your service on the WebClient service when you're installing it. Then, when the user starts your service in the Service Manager, it will automatically try to start the dependent service.

Does a .NET Windows service require a call to ServiceBase.Run()

I'm fairly new at working with Windows services but I found a peculiar incident and I would like some clarification. I have a Windows service written in C# which I install and start using the command line (great instructions found on stackoverflow). The main method of my service looks like this:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
if (args.Length == 0)
{
ServiceBase.Run(new MyServiceName());
}
else if (args.Length == 1)
{
const string name = "MyServiceName";
Type type = typeof(MyAssembly);
switch (args[0])
{
case "-install":
ServiceUtils.InstallService(name, type);
ServiceUtils.StartService(args, name);
break;
case "-uninstall":
ServiceUtils.StopService(name);
ServiceUtils.UninstallService(name, type);
break;
default:
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
}
When I debug, I ALWAYS send one parameter (-install) to the application. Because of this, the first if statement (if (args.Length == 0) is NEVER executed. This is expected and my service is installed and started just fine. However, if I remove that if statement and just leave the if (args.Length == 1) statement, my service installs correctly but it does not start and I get the following error:
Cannot start MyServiceName on computer '.'
My question is: Why is the code in the first if statement needed when it is NEVER executed in my application?
Here is the supporting code for the InstallService and StartService methods (which I got from stackoverflow also):
public static void InstallService(string serviceName, Type t)
{
if (IsInstalled(serviceName)) return;
try
{
Assembly a = t.Assembly;
using (AssemblyInstaller installer = GetInstaller(a))
{
IDictionary state = new Hashtable();
try
{
installer.Install(state);
installer.Commit(state);
}
catch
{
try
{
installer.Rollback(state);
}
catch
{ }
throw;
}
}
}
catch
{
throw;
}
}
public static void StartService(string[] args, string serviceName)
{
if (!IsInstalled(serviceName)) return;
Console.WriteLine("Service is installed. Attempting to start service.");
ServiceController sc = new ServiceController();
sc.ServiceName = serviceName;
if (sc.Status == ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)
{
Console.WriteLine("Starting {0}: ", sc.ServiceName);
try
{
sc.Start(args);
sc.WaitForStatus(ServiceControllerStatus.Running);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
}
the first if statement (if (args.Length == 0) is NEVER executed
That's not correct, it is executed. By ServiceController.Start(). You cannot see this because the service controller starts your EXE again, creating another process. A service process this time, not a console process. One that you don't have a debugger attached to. If you remove that if statement then the service immediately exits after getting started. And the service controller correctly complains about that with the "Cannot start MyServiceName" exception message.
if (args.Length == 0)
{
ServiceBase.Run(new MyServiceName());
}
is run when the service is started by the Service Controller, as the Service Controller doesn't pass any arguments in to Main().
If you don't do ServiceBase.Run(new MyServiceName()), then your service will not respond to any commands from the Service Controller, and you get errors as the ones you see.
Main() is still the entry point of the application. The process is started as a separate step from starting the service(s) within.
It's actually possible to have multiple services running in the same process, and this way of handling things enables that. That is... not just the same exe program, but actually in the same running process.

Am I Running as a Service

I am currently writing a little bootstrap code for a service that can be run in the console. It essentially boils down to calling the OnStart() method instead of using the ServiceBase to start and stop the service (because it doesn't run the application if it isn't installed as a service and makes debugging a nightmare).
Right now I am using Debugger.IsAttached to determine if I should use ServiceBase.Run or [service].OnStart, but I know that isn't the best idea because some times end users want to run the service in a console (to see the output etc. realtime).
Any ideas on how I could determine if the Windows service controller started 'me', or if the user started 'me' in the console? Apparantly Environment.IsUserInteractive is not the answer. I thought about using commandline args, but that seems 'dirty'.
I could always see about a try-catch statement around ServiceBase.Run, but that seems dirty. Edit: Try catch doesn't work.
I have a solution: putting it up here for all the other interested stackers:
public void Run()
{
if (Debugger.IsAttached || Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Contains<string>("-console"))
{
RunAllServices();
}
else
{
try
{
string temp = Console.Title;
ServiceBase.Run((ServiceBase[])ComponentsToRun);
}
catch
{
RunAllServices();
}
}
} // void Run
private void RunAllServices()
{
foreach (ConsoleService component in ComponentsToRun)
{
component.Start();
}
WaitForCTRLC();
foreach (ConsoleService component in ComponentsToRun)
{
component.Stop();
}
}
EDIT: There was another question on StackOverflow where the guy had problems with the Environment.CurrentDirectory being "C:\Windows\System32" looks like that may be the answer. I will test today.
Another workaround.. so can run as WinForm or as windows service
var backend = new Backend();
if (Environment.UserInteractive)
{
backend.OnStart();
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
Application.Run(new Fronend(backend));
backend.OnStop();
}
else
{
var ServicesToRun = new ServiceBase[] {backend};
ServiceBase.Run(ServicesToRun);
}
I usually flag my Windows service as a console application which takes a command line parameter of "-console" to run using a console, otherwise it runs as a service. To debug you just set the command line parameters in the project options to "-console" and you're off!
This makes debugging nice and easy and means that the app functions as a service by default, which is what you'll want.
What works for me:
The class doing the actual service work is running in a separate thread.
This thread is started from within the OnStart() method, and stopped from OnStop().
The decision between service and console mode depends on Environment.UserInteractive
Sample code:
class MyService : ServiceBase
{
private static void Main()
{
if (Environment.UserInteractive)
{
startWorkerThread();
Console.WriteLine ("====== Press ENTER to stop threads ======");
Console.ReadLine();
stopWorkerThread() ;
Console.WriteLine ("====== Press ENTER to quit ======");
Console.ReadLine();
}
else
{
Run (this) ;
}
}
protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
{
startWorkerThread();
}
protected override void OnStop()
{
stopWorkerThread() ;
}
}
Like Ash, I write all actual processing code in a separate class library assembly, which was then referenced by the windows service executable, as well as a console app.
However, there are occasions when it is useful to know if the class library is running in the context of the service executable or the console app. The way I do this is to reflect on the base class of the hosting app. (Sorry for the VB, but I imagine that the following could be c#-ified fairly easily):
Public Class ExecutionContext
''' <summary>
''' Gets a value indicating whether the application is a windows service.
''' </summary>
''' <value>
''' <c>true</c> if this instance is service; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
''' </value>
Public Shared ReadOnly Property IsService() As Boolean
Get
' Determining whether or not the host application is a service is
' an expensive operation (it uses reflection), so we cache the
' result of the first call to this method so that we don't have to
' recalculate it every call.
' If we have not already determined whether or not the application
' is running as a service...
If IsNothing(_isService) Then
' Get details of the host assembly.
Dim entryAssembly As Reflection.Assembly = Reflection.Assembly.GetEntryAssembly
' Get the method that was called to enter the host assembly.
Dim entryPoint As System.Reflection.MethodInfo = entryAssembly.EntryPoint
' If the base type of the host assembly inherits from the
' "ServiceBase" class, it must be a windows service. We store
' the result ready for the next caller of this method.
_isService = (entryPoint.ReflectedType.BaseType.FullName = "System.ServiceProcess.ServiceBase")
End If
' Return the cached result.
Return CBool(_isService)
End Get
End Property
Private Shared _isService As Nullable(Of Boolean) = Nothing
#End Region
End Class
Jonathan, not exactly an answer to your question, but I've just finished writing a windows service and also noted the difficulty with debugging and testing.
Solved it by simply writing all actual processing code in a separate class library assembly, which was then referenced by the windows service executable, as well as a console app and a test harness.
Apart from basic timer logic, all more complex processing happened in the common assembly and could be tested/run on demand incredibly easily.
I have modified the ProjectInstaller to append the command-line argument parameter /service, when it is being installed as service:
static class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
if (Array.Exists(args, delegate(string arg) { return arg == "/install"; }))
{
System.Configuration.Install.TransactedInstaller ti = null;
ti = new System.Configuration.Install.TransactedInstaller();
ti.Installers.Add(new ProjectInstaller());
ti.Context = new System.Configuration.Install.InstallContext("", null);
string path = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location;
ti.Context.Parameters["assemblypath"] = path;
ti.Install(new System.Collections.Hashtable());
return;
}
if (Array.Exists(args, delegate(string arg) { return arg == "/uninstall"; }))
{
System.Configuration.Install.TransactedInstaller ti = null;
ti = new System.Configuration.Install.TransactedInstaller();
ti.Installers.Add(new ProjectInstaller());
ti.Context = new System.Configuration.Install.InstallContext("", null);
string path = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location;
ti.Context.Parameters["assemblypath"] = path;
ti.Uninstall(null);
return;
}
if (Array.Exists(args, delegate(string arg) { return arg == "/service"; }))
{
ServiceBase[] ServicesToRun;
ServicesToRun = new ServiceBase[] { new MyService() };
ServiceBase.Run(ServicesToRun);
}
else
{
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
The ProjectInstaller.cs is then modified to override a OnBeforeInstall() and OnBeforeUninstall()
[RunInstaller(true)]
public partial class ProjectInstaller : Installer
{
public ProjectInstaller()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
protected virtual string AppendPathParameter(string path, string parameter)
{
if (path.Length > 0 && path[0] != '"')
{
path = "\"" + path + "\"";
}
path += " " + parameter;
return path;
}
protected override void OnBeforeInstall(System.Collections.IDictionary savedState)
{
Context.Parameters["assemblypath"] = AppendPathParameter(Context.Parameters["assemblypath"], "/service");
base.OnBeforeInstall(savedState);
}
protected override void OnBeforeUninstall(System.Collections.IDictionary savedState)
{
Context.Parameters["assemblypath"] = AppendPathParameter(Context.Parameters["assemblypath"], "/service");
base.OnBeforeUninstall(savedState);
}
}
This thread is really old, but I thought I would throw my solution out there. Quite simply, to handle this type of situation, I built a "service harness" that is used in both the console and Windows service cases. As above, most of the logic is contained in a separate library, but this is more for testing and "linkability".
The attached code by no means represents the "best possible" way to solve this, just my own approach. Here, the service harness is called by the console app when in "console mode" and by the same application's "start service" logic when it is running as a service. By doing it this way, you can now call
ServiceHost.Instance.RunningAsAService (Boolean)
from anywhere in your code to check if the application is running as a service or simply as a console.
Here is the code:
public class ServiceHost
{
private static Logger log = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(ServiceHost).Name);
private static ServiceHost mInstance = null;
private static object mSyncRoot = new object();
#region Singleton and Static Properties
public static ServiceHost Instance
{
get
{
if (mInstance == null)
{
lock (mSyncRoot)
{
if (mInstance == null)
{
mInstance = new ServiceHost();
}
}
}
return (mInstance);
}
}
public static Logger Log
{
get { return log; }
}
public static void Close()
{
lock (mSyncRoot)
{
if (mInstance.mEngine != null)
mInstance.mEngine.Dispose();
}
}
#endregion
private ReconciliationEngine mEngine;
private ServiceBase windowsServiceHost;
private UnhandledExceptionEventHandler threadExceptionHanlder = new UnhandledExceptionEventHandler(ThreadExceptionHandler);
public bool HostHealthy { get; private set; }
public bool RunningAsService {get; private set;}
private ServiceHost()
{
HostHealthy = false;
RunningAsService = false;
AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException += threadExceptionHandler;
try
{
mEngine = new ReconciliationEngine();
HostHealthy = true;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
log.FatalException("Could not initialize components.", ex);
}
}
public void StartService()
{
if (!HostHealthy)
throw new ApplicationException("Did not initialize components.");
try
{
mEngine.Start();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
log.FatalException("Could not start service components.", ex);
HostHealthy = false;
}
}
public void StartService(ServiceBase serviceHost)
{
if (!HostHealthy)
throw new ApplicationException("Did not initialize components.");
if (serviceHost == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("serviceHost");
windowsServiceHost = serviceHost;
RunningAsService = true;
try
{
mEngine.Start();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
log.FatalException("Could not start service components.", ex);
HostHealthy = false;
}
}
public void RestartService()
{
if (!HostHealthy)
throw new ApplicationException("Did not initialize components.");
try
{
log.Info("Stopping service components...");
mEngine.Stop();
mEngine.Dispose();
log.Info("Starting service components...");
mEngine = new ReconciliationEngine();
mEngine.Start();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
log.FatalException("Could not restart components.", ex);
HostHealthy = false;
}
}
public void StopService()
{
try
{
if (mEngine != null)
mEngine.Stop();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
log.FatalException("Error stopping components.", ex);
HostHealthy = false;
}
finally
{
if (windowsServiceHost != null)
windowsServiceHost.Stop();
if (RunningAsService)
{
AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException -= threadExceptionHanlder;
}
}
}
private void HandleExceptionBasedOnExecution(object ex)
{
if (RunningAsService)
{
windowsServiceHost.Stop();
}
else
{
throw (Exception)ex;
}
}
protected static void ThreadExceptionHandler(object sender, UnhandledExceptionEventArgs e)
{
log.FatalException("Unexpected error occurred. System is shutting down.", (Exception)e.ExceptionObject);
ServiceHost.Instance.HandleExceptionBasedOnExecution((Exception)e.ExceptionObject);
}
}
All you need to do here is replace that ominous looking ReconcilationEngine reference with whatever method is boostrapping your logic. Then in your application, use the ServiceHost.Instance.Start() and ServiceHost.Instance.Stop() methods whether you are running in console mode or as a service.
Maybe checking if the process parent is C:\Windows\system32\services.exe.
The only way I've found to achieve this, is to check if a console is attached to the process in the first place, by accessing any Console object property (e.g. Title) inside a try/catch block.
If the service is started by the SCM, there is no console, and accessing the property will throw a System.IO.IOError.
However, since this feels a bit too much like relying on an implementation-specific detail (what if the SCM on some platforms or someday decides to provide a console to the processes it starts?), I always use a command line switch (-console) in production apps...
Here is a translation of chksr's answer to .NET, and avoiding the bug that fails to recognize interactive services:
using System.Security.Principal;
var wi = WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent();
var wp = new WindowsPrincipal(wi);
var serviceSid = new SecurityIdentifier(WellKnownSidType.ServiceSid, null);
var localSystemSid = new SecurityIdentifier(WellKnownSidType.LocalSystemSid, null);
var interactiveSid = new SecurityIdentifier(WellKnownSidType.InteractiveSid, null);
// maybe check LocalServiceSid, and NetworkServiceSid also
bool isServiceRunningAsUser = wp.IsInRole(serviceSid);
bool isSystem = wp.IsInRole(localSystemSid);
bool isInteractive = wp.IsInRole(interactiveSid);
bool isAnyService = isServiceRunningAsUser || isSystem || !isInteractive;
This is a bit of a self-plug, but I've got a little app that will load up your service types in your app via reflection and execute them that way. I include the source code, so you could change it slightly to display standard output.
No code changes needed to use this solution. I have a Debugger.IsAttached type of solution as well that is generic enough to be used with any service. Link is in this article:
.NET Windows Service Runner
Well there's some very old code (about 20 years or so, not from me but found in the wild, wild web, and in C not C#) that should give you an idea how to do the job:
enum enEnvironmentType
{
ENVTYPE_UNKNOWN,
ENVTYPE_STANDARD,
ENVTYPE_SERVICE_WITH_INTERACTION,
ENVTYPE_SERVICE_WITHOUT_INTERACTION,
ENVTYPE_IIS_ASP,
};
enEnvironmentType GetEnvironmentType(void)
{
HANDLE hProcessToken = NULL;
DWORD groupLength = 300;
PTOKEN_GROUPS groupInfo = NULL;
SID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY siaNt = SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY;
PSID pInteractiveSid = NULL;
PSID pServiceSid = NULL;
DWORD dwRet = NO_ERROR;
DWORD ndx;
BOOL m_isInteractive = FALSE;
BOOL m_isService = FALSE;
// open the token
if (!::OpenProcessToken(::GetCurrentProcess(),TOKEN_QUERY,&hProcessToken))
{
dwRet = ::GetLastError();
goto closedown;
}
// allocate a buffer of default size
groupInfo = (PTOKEN_GROUPS)::LocalAlloc(0, groupLength);
if (groupInfo == NULL)
{
dwRet = ::GetLastError();
goto closedown;
}
// try to get the info
if (!::GetTokenInformation(hProcessToken, TokenGroups,
groupInfo, groupLength, &groupLength))
{
// if buffer was too small, allocate to proper size, otherwise error
if (::GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
{
dwRet = ::GetLastError();
goto closedown;
}
::LocalFree(groupInfo);
groupInfo = (PTOKEN_GROUPS)::LocalAlloc(0, groupLength);
if (groupInfo == NULL)
{
dwRet = ::GetLastError();
goto closedown;
}
if (!GetTokenInformation(hProcessToken, TokenGroups,
groupInfo, groupLength, &groupLength))
{
dwRet = ::GetLastError();
goto closedown;
}
}
//
// We now know the groups associated with this token. We want
// to look to see if the interactive group is active in the
// token, and if so, we know that this is an interactive process.
//
// We also look for the "service" SID, and if it's present,
// we know we're a service.
//
// The service SID will be present iff the service is running in a
// user account (and was invoked by the service controller).
//
// create comparison sids
if (!AllocateAndInitializeSid(&siaNt,
1,
SECURITY_INTERACTIVE_RID,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
&pInteractiveSid))
{
dwRet = ::GetLastError();
goto closedown;
}
if (!AllocateAndInitializeSid(&siaNt,
1,
SECURITY_SERVICE_RID,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
&pServiceSid))
{
dwRet = ::GetLastError();
goto closedown;
}
// try to match sids
for (ndx = 0; ndx < groupInfo->GroupCount ; ndx += 1)
{
SID_AND_ATTRIBUTES sanda = groupInfo->Groups[ndx];
PSID pSid = sanda.Sid;
//
// Check to see if the group we're looking at is one of
// the two groups we're interested in.
//
if (::EqualSid(pSid, pInteractiveSid))
{
//
// This process has the Interactive SID in its
// token. This means that the process is running as
// a console process
//
m_isInteractive = TRUE;
m_isService = FALSE;
break;
}
else if (::EqualSid(pSid, pServiceSid))
{
//
// This process has the Service SID in its
// token. This means that the process is running as
// a service running in a user account ( not local system ).
//
m_isService = TRUE;
m_isInteractive = FALSE;
break;
}
}
if ( !( m_isService || m_isInteractive ) )
{
//
// Neither Interactive or Service was present in the current
// users token, This implies that the process is running as
// a service, most likely running as LocalSystem.
//
m_isService = TRUE;
}
closedown:
if ( pServiceSid )
::FreeSid( pServiceSid );
if ( pInteractiveSid )
::FreeSid( pInteractiveSid );
if ( groupInfo )
::LocalFree( groupInfo );
if ( hProcessToken )
::CloseHandle( hProcessToken );
if (dwRet == NO_ERROR)
{
if (m_isService)
return(m_isInteractive ? ENVTYPE_SERVICE_WITH_INTERACTION : ENVTYPE_SERVICE_WITHOUT_INTERACTION);
return(ENVTYPE_STANDARD);
}
else
return(ENVTYPE_UNKNOWN);
}
Seems I am bit late to the party, but interesting difference when run as a service is that at start current folder points to system directory (C:\windows\system32 by default). Its hardly unlikely user app will start from the system folder in any real life situation.
So, I use following trick (c#):
protected static bool IsRunAsService()
{
string CurDir = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();
if (CurDir.Equals(Environment.SystemDirectory, StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase))
{
return true;
}
return (false);
}
For future extension, additional check make be done for System.Environment.UserInteractive == false (but I do not know how it correlates with 'Allow service to interact with desktop' service settings).
You may also check window session by System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().SessionId == 0 (I do not know how it correlates with 'Allow service to interact with desktop' service settings as well).
If you write portable code (say, with .NetCore) you may also check Environment.OSVersion.Platform to ensure that you are on windows first.

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