How to convert hex to a byte array? - c#

I copied and pasted this binary data out of sql server, which I am unable to query at this time.
0xBAC893CAB8B7FE03C927417A2A3F6A60BD30FF35E250011CB25507EBFCD5223B
How do I convert it back to a byte array in c#?


Something like this:
using System;
public static class Parser
{
static void Main()
{
string hex = "0xBAC893CAB8B7FE03C927417A2A3F6A6"
+ "0BD30FF35E250011CB25507EBFCD5223B";
byte[] parsed = ParseHex(hex);
// Just for confirmation...
Console.WriteLine(BitConverter.ToString(parsed));
}
public static byte[] ParseHex(string hex)
{
int offset = hex.StartsWith("0x") ? 2 : 0;
if ((hex.Length % 2) != 0)
{
throw new ArgumentException("Invalid length: " + hex.Length);
}
byte[] ret = new byte[(hex.Length-offset)/2];
for (int i=0; i < ret.Length; i++)
{
ret[i] = (byte) ((ParseNybble(hex[offset]) << 4)
| ParseNybble(hex[offset+1]));
offset += 2;
}
return ret;
}
static int ParseNybble(char c)
{
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
{
return c-'0';
}
if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
{
return c-'A'+10;
}
if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
{
return c-'a'+10;
}
throw new ArgumentException("Invalid hex digit: " + c);
}
}
(EDIT: Now slightly more efficient - no substrings required...)
It's possible that ParseNybble could be more efficient. For example, a switch/case may be more efficient:
static int ParseNybble(char c)
{
switch (c)
{
case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
return c-'0';
case 'A': case 'B': case 'C': case 'D': case 'E': case 'F':
return c-'A'+10;
case 'a': case 'b': case 'c': case 'd': case 'e': case 'f':
return c-'a'+10;
}
throw new ArgumentException("Invalid hex digit: " + c);
}
or possibly a lookup array:
// Omitted for brevity... I'm sure you get the gist
private static readonly int[] NybbleLookup = BuildLookup();
private int ParseNybble(char c)
{
if (c > 'f')
{
throw new ArgumentException("Invalid hex digit: " + c);
}
int ret = NybbleLookup[c];
if (ret == -1)
{
throw new ArgumentException("Invalid hex digit: " + c);
}
return ret;
}
I haven't benchmarked any of these, and I've no idea which would be the fastest. The current solution is probably the simplest though.


Consider leveraging a Framework class that already exposes the ability to perform hex conversion, XmlReader for example:
public static byte[] HexToBytes(this string hexEncodedBytes, int start, int end)
{
int length = end - start;
const string tagName = "hex";
string fakeXmlDocument = String.Format("<{1}>{0}</{1}>",
hexEncodedBytes.Substring(start, length),
tagName);
var stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(fakeXmlDocument));
XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create(stream, new XmlReaderSettings());
int hexLength = length / 2;
byte[] result = new byte[hexLength];
reader.ReadStartElement(tagName);
reader.ReadContentAsBinHex(result, 0, hexLength);
return result;
}
usage:
string input = "0xBAC893CAB8B7FE03C927417A2A3F6A60BD30FF35E250011CB255";
byte[] bytes = input.HexToBytes(2, input.Length);


Simple:
string hexnum = "0000000F"; // Represents 15
int value = int.Parse(hexnum, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber);
All you have to remember to do is for an int to divide the hex number up into groups of 8 hex digits (hex are 4 bits each, and CLR int type is 32 bits, hence 8 digits per int). There's also a byte.Parse() that works the same, but pass in two hex digits at a time.


Something like this:
public byte[] ParseHexString(string text)
{
if ((text.Length % 2) != 0)
{
throw new ArgumentException("Invalid length: " + text.Length);
}
if (text.StartsWith("0x", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
{
text = text.Substring(2);
}
int arrayLength = text.Length / 2;
byte[] byteArray = new byte[arrayLength];
for (int i = 0; i < arrayLength; i++)
{
byteArray[i] = byte.Parse(text.Substring(i*2, 2), NumberStyles.HexNumber);
}
return byteArray;
}


You will need to modify this a little bit (for example, skip over the first two characters), but it does handle spaces in the string:
/// <summary>
/// Decodes a hex string, ignoring all non-hex characters, and stores
/// the decodes series of bytes into the shared buffer. This returns
/// the number of bytes that were decoded.
/// <para>Hex characters are [0-9, a-f, A-F].</para>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hexString">String to parse into bytes.</param>
/// <param name="buffer">Buffer into which to store the decoded binary data.</param>
/// <returns>The number of bytes decoded.</returns>
private static int DecodeHexIntoBuffer(string hexString, byte[] buffer)
{
int count = 0;
bool haveFirst = false;
bool haveSecond = false;
char first = '0';
char second = '0';
for (int i = 0; i < hexString.Length; i++)
{
if (!haveFirst)
{
first = hexString[i];
haveFirst = char.IsLetterOrDigit(first);
// we have to continue to the next iteration
// or we will miss characters
continue;
}
if (!haveSecond)
{
second = hexString[i];
haveSecond = char.IsLetterOrDigit(second);
}
if (haveFirst && haveSecond)
{
string hex = "" + first + second;
byte nextByte;
if (byte.TryParse(hex, NumberStyles.HexNumber, null, out nextByte))
{
// store the decoded byte into the next slot of the buffer
buffer[count++] = nextByte;
}
// reset the flags
haveFirst = haveSecond = false;
}
}
return count;
}


Actually, there's an easier way to convert two characters at a time to a byte:
/// <summary>
/// This will convert a hex-encoded string to byte data
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hexData">The hex-encoded string to convert</param>
/// <returns>The bytes that make up the hex string</returns>
public static byte[] FromHex(string hexData)
{
List<byte> data = new List<byte>();
string byteSet = string.Empty;
int stringLen = hexData.Length;
int length = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < stringLen; i = i + 2)
{
length = (stringLen - i) > 1 ? 2 : 1;
byteSet = hexData.Substring(i, length);
// try and parse the data
data.Add(Convert.ToByte(byteSet, 16 /*base*/));
} // next set
return data.ToArray();
}


Slow yet fun way :D
public static byte[] StringToByteArray(string hex)
{
hex = hex.Replace(" ", "");
hex = hex.Replace(":", "");
return Enumerable.Range(0, hex.Length)
.Where(x => x % 2 == 0)
.Select(x => Convert.ToByte(hex.Substring(x, 2), 16))
.ToArray();
}
-jD


I use this for C#, from similar code in Java.
private static char[] hexdigit = "0123456789abcdef".ToCharArray();
public static string hexlify(string argbuf) {
int arglen = argbuf.Length;
char[] argca = argbuf.ToCharArray ();
StringBuilder retbuf = new StringBuilder(arglen * 2);
for (int i = 0; i < arglen; i++) {
char ch = argca[i];
retbuf.Append(hexdigit[(ch >> 4) & 0xF]);
retbuf.Append(hexdigit[ch & 0xF]);
}
return retbuf.ToString();
}
public static string unhexlify(string argbuf) {
int arglen = argbuf.Length;
if (arglen % 2 != 0) {
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("Odd-length string");
}
char[] argca = argbuf.ToCharArray ();
StringBuilder retbuf = new StringBuilder(arglen / 2);
for (int i = 0; i < arglen; i += 2) {
int top = Convert.ToInt32 (argca[i].ToString (), 16);
int bot = Convert.ToInt32 (argca[i + 1].ToString (), 16);
if (top == -1 || bot == -1) {
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("Non-hexadecimal digit found");
}
retbuf.Append((char) ((top << 4) + bot));
}
return retbuf.ToString();
}


maybe this one is cute!
string source = "Hello World!";
using (SHA256 sha256Hash = SHA256.Create())
{
//From String to byte array
byte[] sourceBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(source);
byte[] hashBytes = sha256Hash.ComputeHash(sourceBytes);
string hash = BitConverter.ToString(hashBytes).Replace("-", String.Empty);
Console.WriteLine("The SHA256 hash of " + source + " is: " + hash);
}

Related

How to convert a string of bits to a HEX [duplicate]

I'm looking for a way to convert a long string of binary to a hex string.
the binary string looks something like this "0110011010010111001001110101011100110100001101101000011001010110001101101011"
I've tried using
hex = String.Format("{0:X2}", Convert.ToUInt64(hex, 2));
but that only works if the binary string fits into a Uint64 which if the string is long enough it won't.
is there another way to convert a string of binary into hex?
Thanks

I just knocked this up. Maybe you can use as a starting point...
public static string BinaryStringToHexString(string binary)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(binary))
return binary;
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(binary.Length / 8 + 1);
// TODO: check all 1's or 0's... throw otherwise
int mod4Len = binary.Length % 8;
if (mod4Len != 0)
{
// pad to length multiple of 8
binary = binary.PadLeft(((binary.Length / 8) + 1) * 8, '0');
}
for (int i = 0; i < binary.Length; i += 8)
{
string eightBits = binary.Substring(i, 8);
result.AppendFormat("{0:X2}", Convert.ToByte(eightBits, 2));
}
return result.ToString();
}

This might help you:
string HexConverted(string strBinary)
{
string strHex = Convert.ToInt32(strBinary,2).ToString("X");
return strHex;
}

Convert.ToInt32("1011", 2).ToString("X");
For string longer than this, you can simply break it into multiple bytes:
var binary = "0110011010010111001001110101011100110100001101101000011001010110001101101011";
var hex = string.Join(" ",
Enumerable.Range(0, binary.Length / 8)
.Select(i => Convert.ToByte(binary.Substring(i * 8, 8), 2).ToString("X2")));

I came up with this method. I am new to programming and C# but I hope you will appreciate it:
static string BinToHex(string bin)
{
StringBuilder binary = new StringBuilder(bin);
bool isNegative = false;
if (binary[0] == '-')
{
isNegative = true;
binary.Remove(0, 1);
}
for (int i = 0, length = binary.Length; i < (4 - length % 4) % 4; i++) //padding leading zeros
{
binary.Insert(0, '0');
}
StringBuilder hexadecimal = new StringBuilder();
StringBuilder word = new StringBuilder("0000");
for (int i = 0; i < binary.Length; i += 4)
{
for (int j = i; j < i + 4; j++)
{
word[j % 4] = binary[j];
}
switch (word.ToString())
{
case "0000": hexadecimal.Append('0'); break;
case "0001": hexadecimal.Append('1'); break;
case "0010": hexadecimal.Append('2'); break;
case "0011": hexadecimal.Append('3'); break;
case "0100": hexadecimal.Append('4'); break;
case "0101": hexadecimal.Append('5'); break;
case "0110": hexadecimal.Append('6'); break;
case "0111": hexadecimal.Append('7'); break;
case "1000": hexadecimal.Append('8'); break;
case "1001": hexadecimal.Append('9'); break;
case "1010": hexadecimal.Append('A'); break;
case "1011": hexadecimal.Append('B'); break;
case "1100": hexadecimal.Append('C'); break;
case "1101": hexadecimal.Append('D'); break;
case "1110": hexadecimal.Append('E'); break;
case "1111": hexadecimal.Append('F'); break;
default:
return "Invalid number";
}
}
if (isNegative)
{
hexadecimal.Insert(0, '-');
}
return hexadecimal.ToString();
}

Considering four bits can be expressed by one hex value, you can simply go by groups of four and convert them seperately, the value won't change that way.
string bin = "11110110";
int rest = bin.Length % 4;
if(rest != 0)
bin = new string('0', 4-rest) + bin; //pad the length out to by divideable by 4
string output = "";
for(int i = 0; i <= bin.Length - 4; i +=4)
{
output += string.Format("{0:X}", Convert.ToByte(bin.Substring(i, 4), 2));
}

If you want to iterate over the hexadecimal representation of each byte in the string, you could use the following extension. I've combined Mitch's answer with this.
static class StringExtensions
{
public static IEnumerable<string> ToHex(this String s) {
if (s == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
int mod4Len = s.Length % 8;
if (mod4Len != 0)
{
// pad to length multiple of 8
s = s.PadLeft(((s.Length / 8) + 1) * 8, '0');
}
int numBitsInByte = 8;
for (var i = 0; i < s.Length; i += numBitsInByte)
{
string eightBits = s.Substring(i, numBitsInByte);
yield return string.Format("{0:X2}", Convert.ToByte(eightBits, 2));
}
}
}
Example:
string test = "0110011010010111001001110101011100110100001101101000011001010110001101101011";
foreach (var hexVal in test.ToHex())
{
Console.WriteLine(hexVal);
}
Prints
06
69
72
75
73
43
68
65
63
6B

If you're using .NET 4.0 or later and if you're willing to use System.Numerics.dll (for BigInteger class), the following solution works fine:
public static string ConvertBigBinaryToHex(string bigBinary)
{
BigInteger bigInt = BigInteger.Zero;
int exponent = 0;
for (int i = bigBinary.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--, exponent++)
{
if (bigBinary[i] == '1')
bigInt += BigInteger.Pow(2, exponent);
}
return bigInt.ToString("X");
}

Considering four bits can be expressed by one hex value, you can simply go by groups of four and convert them seperately, the value won't change that way.
string bin = "11110110";
int rest = bin.Length % 4;
bin = bin.PadLeft(rest, '0'); //pad the length out to by divideable by 4
string output = "";
for(int i = 0; i <= bin.Length - 4; i +=4)
{
output += string.Format("{0:X}", Convert.ToByte(bin.Substring(i, 4), 2));
}

static string BinToHex(string bin)
{
if (bin == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("bin");
if (bin.Length % 8 != 0)
throw new ArgumentException("The length must be a multiple of 8", "bin");
var hex = Enumerable.Range(0, bin.Length / 8)
.Select(i => bin.Substring(8 * i, 8))
.Select(s => Convert.ToByte(s, 2))
.Select(b => b.ToString("x2"));
return String.Join(null, hex);
}

Using LINQ
string BinaryToHex(string binaryString)
{
var offset = 0;
StringBuilder sb = new();
while (offset < binaryString.Length)
{
var nibble = binaryString
.Skip(offset)
.Take(4);
sb.Append($"{Convert.ToUInt32(nibble.toString()), 2):X}");
offset += 4;
}
return sb.ToString();
}

You can take the input number four digit at a time. Convert this digit to ex ( as you did is ok ) then concat the string all together. So you obtain a string representing the number in hex, independetly from the size. Depending on where start MSB on your input string, may be the output string you obtain the way i described must be reversed.

What is the the Correct way of sending DateTime data for SNMPV2 using SNMPSHARPNET?

What is the correct way to send DateTime in UTC to a SNMPV2 event using SNMPSHARPNET ?
http://www.snmpsharpnet.com/
We have been using TimeTicks AsnType but have run into issues of data over 29 and half days.
This is the code for reference :
AsnType newMIBValue = null;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(MIBValueString))
{
switch (DataType)
{
case MIBDataType.DateAndTime:
//newMIBValue = new TimeTicks(MIBValueString);
newMIBValue = ConvertDateTimeToOctetString(MIBValueString);
break;
case MIBDataType.SnmpAdminString:
newMIBValue = new OctetString(MIBValueString);
break;
case MIBDataType.TimeTicks:
newMIBValue = new TimeTicks(MIBValueString);
break;
case MIBDataType.IPAddress:
newMIBValue = new IpAddress(MIBValueString);
break;
case MIBDataType.Integer:
newMIBValue = new Integer32(MIBValueString);
break;
default:
break;
}
}

Use OCTET STRING for datetime stuff. TimeTicks is a non-negative integer which specifies the elapsed time between two events, in units of hundredth of a second.

A colleague of mine helped me put this code. Apparently we have send a byte array of hex values per SNMP specification.
private OctetString ConvertStringToOctetString(DateTime dateTimeValueInUTCDateAndTime)
{
var yearInString = dateTimeValueInUTCDateAndTime.Year.ToString("X");
byte[] bytesArray = ConvertToByteArray(string.Format("{0}{1}{2}{3}{4}{5}{6}",
yearInString,
dateTimeValueInUTCDateAndTime.Month.ToString("X").PadLeft(2, '0'),
dateTimeValueInUTCDateAndTime.Day.ToString("X").PadLeft(2, '0'),
dateTimeValueInUTCDateAndTime.Hour.ToString("X").PadLeft(2, '0'),
dateTimeValueInUTCDateAndTime.Minute.ToString("X").PadLeft(2, '0'),
dateTimeValueInUTCDateAndTime.Second.ToString("X").PadLeft(2, '0'),
"00"
));
return new OctetString(bytesArray);
}
public byte[] ConvertToByteArray(string value)
{
byte[] bytes = null;
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
bytes = null;
else
{
int string_length = value.Length;
int character_index = (value.StartsWith("0x", StringComparison.Ordinal)) ? 2 : 0; // Does the string define leading HEX indicator '0x'. Adjust starting index accordingly.
int number_of_characters = string_length - character_index;
bool add_leading_zero = false;
if (0 != (number_of_characters % 2))
{
add_leading_zero = true;
number_of_characters += 1; // Leading '0' has been striped from the string presentation.
}
bytes = new byte[number_of_characters / 2]; // Initialize our byte array to hold the converted string.
int write_index = 0;
if (add_leading_zero)
{
bytes[write_index++] = FromCharacterToByte(value[character_index], character_index);
character_index += 1;
}
for (int read_index = character_index; read_index < value.Length; read_index += 2)
{
byte upper = FromCharacterToByte(value[read_index], read_index, 4);
byte lower = FromCharacterToByte(value[read_index + 1], read_index + 1);
bytes[write_index++] = (byte)(upper | lower);
}
}
return bytes;
}
private byte FromCharacterToByte(char character, int index, int shift = 0)
{
byte value = (byte)character;
if (((0x40 < value) && (0x47 > value)) || ((0x60 < value) && (0x67 > value)))
{
if (0x40 == (0x40 & value))
{
if (0x20 == (0x20 & value))
value = (byte)(((value + 0xA) - 0x61) << shift);
else
value = (byte)(((value + 0xA) - 0x41) << shift);
}
}
else if ((0x29 < value) && (0x40 > value))
value = (byte)((value - 0x30) << shift);
else
throw new InvalidOperationException(String.Format("Character '{0}' at index '{1}' is not valid alphanumeric character.", character, index));
return value;
}

Is there a Java equivalent for C#'s HttpServerUtility.UrlTokenDecode?

How do I decode in Java a string that was encoded in C# using HttpServerUtility.UrlTokenEncode?

I tried using org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64 (The ctor accepts a parameter stating whether the encoding/decoding is url-safe) but turns out it is not implemented the same as UrlTokenEncode/Decode.
I ended up migrating the C# implementation to Java:
public static byte[] UrlTokenDecode(String input) {
if (input == null)
return new byte[0];
int len = input.length();
if (len < 1)
return new byte[0];
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Step 1: Calculate the number of padding chars to append to this string.
// The number of padding chars to append is stored in the last char of the string.
int numPadChars = (int)input.charAt(len - 1) - (int)'0';
if (numPadChars < 0 || numPadChars > 10)
return null;
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Step 2: Create array to store the chars (not including the last char)
// and the padding chars
char[] base64Chars = new char[len - 1 + numPadChars];
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Step 3: Copy in the chars. Transform the "-" to "+", and "*" to "/"
for (int iter = 0; iter < len - 1; iter++) {
char c = input.charAt(iter);
switch (c) {
case '-':
base64Chars[iter] = '+';
break;
case '_':
base64Chars[iter] = '/';
break;
default:
base64Chars[iter] = c;
break;
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Step 4: Add padding chars
for (int iter = len - 1; iter < base64Chars.length; iter++) {
base64Chars[iter] = '=';
}
// Do the actual conversion
String assembledString = String.copyValueOf(base64Chars);
return Base64.decodeBase64(assembledString);
}

Converting long string of binary to hex c#

I'm looking for a way to convert a long string of binary to a hex string.
the binary string looks something like this "0110011010010111001001110101011100110100001101101000011001010110001101101011"
I've tried using
hex = String.Format("{0:X2}", Convert.ToUInt64(hex, 2));
but that only works if the binary string fits into a Uint64 which if the string is long enough it won't.
is there another way to convert a string of binary into hex?
Thanks

I just knocked this up. Maybe you can use as a starting point...
public static string BinaryStringToHexString(string binary)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(binary))
return binary;
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(binary.Length / 8 + 1);
// TODO: check all 1's or 0's... throw otherwise
int mod4Len = binary.Length % 8;
if (mod4Len != 0)
{
// pad to length multiple of 8
binary = binary.PadLeft(((binary.Length / 8) + 1) * 8, '0');
}
for (int i = 0; i < binary.Length; i += 8)
{
string eightBits = binary.Substring(i, 8);
result.AppendFormat("{0:X2}", Convert.ToByte(eightBits, 2));
}
return result.ToString();
}

This might help you:
string HexConverted(string strBinary)
{
string strHex = Convert.ToInt32(strBinary,2).ToString("X");
return strHex;
}

Convert.ToInt32("1011", 2).ToString("X");
For string longer than this, you can simply break it into multiple bytes:
var binary = "0110011010010111001001110101011100110100001101101000011001010110001101101011";
var hex = string.Join(" ",
Enumerable.Range(0, binary.Length / 8)
.Select(i => Convert.ToByte(binary.Substring(i * 8, 8), 2).ToString("X2")));

I came up with this method. I am new to programming and C# but I hope you will appreciate it:
static string BinToHex(string bin)
{
StringBuilder binary = new StringBuilder(bin);
bool isNegative = false;
if (binary[0] == '-')
{
isNegative = true;
binary.Remove(0, 1);
}
for (int i = 0, length = binary.Length; i < (4 - length % 4) % 4; i++) //padding leading zeros
{
binary.Insert(0, '0');
}
StringBuilder hexadecimal = new StringBuilder();
StringBuilder word = new StringBuilder("0000");
for (int i = 0; i < binary.Length; i += 4)
{
for (int j = i; j < i + 4; j++)
{
word[j % 4] = binary[j];
}
switch (word.ToString())
{
case "0000": hexadecimal.Append('0'); break;
case "0001": hexadecimal.Append('1'); break;
case "0010": hexadecimal.Append('2'); break;
case "0011": hexadecimal.Append('3'); break;
case "0100": hexadecimal.Append('4'); break;
case "0101": hexadecimal.Append('5'); break;
case "0110": hexadecimal.Append('6'); break;
case "0111": hexadecimal.Append('7'); break;
case "1000": hexadecimal.Append('8'); break;
case "1001": hexadecimal.Append('9'); break;
case "1010": hexadecimal.Append('A'); break;
case "1011": hexadecimal.Append('B'); break;
case "1100": hexadecimal.Append('C'); break;
case "1101": hexadecimal.Append('D'); break;
case "1110": hexadecimal.Append('E'); break;
case "1111": hexadecimal.Append('F'); break;
default:
return "Invalid number";
}
}
if (isNegative)
{
hexadecimal.Insert(0, '-');
}
return hexadecimal.ToString();
}

Considering four bits can be expressed by one hex value, you can simply go by groups of four and convert them seperately, the value won't change that way.
string bin = "11110110";
int rest = bin.Length % 4;
if(rest != 0)
bin = new string('0', 4-rest) + bin; //pad the length out to by divideable by 4
string output = "";
for(int i = 0; i <= bin.Length - 4; i +=4)
{
output += string.Format("{0:X}", Convert.ToByte(bin.Substring(i, 4), 2));
}

If you want to iterate over the hexadecimal representation of each byte in the string, you could use the following extension. I've combined Mitch's answer with this.
static class StringExtensions
{
public static IEnumerable<string> ToHex(this String s) {
if (s == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
int mod4Len = s.Length % 8;
if (mod4Len != 0)
{
// pad to length multiple of 8
s = s.PadLeft(((s.Length / 8) + 1) * 8, '0');
}
int numBitsInByte = 8;
for (var i = 0; i < s.Length; i += numBitsInByte)
{
string eightBits = s.Substring(i, numBitsInByte);
yield return string.Format("{0:X2}", Convert.ToByte(eightBits, 2));
}
}
}
Example:
string test = "0110011010010111001001110101011100110100001101101000011001010110001101101011";
foreach (var hexVal in test.ToHex())
{
Console.WriteLine(hexVal);
}
Prints
06
69
72
75
73
43
68
65
63
6B

If you're using .NET 4.0 or later and if you're willing to use System.Numerics.dll (for BigInteger class), the following solution works fine:
public static string ConvertBigBinaryToHex(string bigBinary)
{
BigInteger bigInt = BigInteger.Zero;
int exponent = 0;
for (int i = bigBinary.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--, exponent++)
{
if (bigBinary[i] == '1')
bigInt += BigInteger.Pow(2, exponent);
}
return bigInt.ToString("X");
}

Considering four bits can be expressed by one hex value, you can simply go by groups of four and convert them seperately, the value won't change that way.
string bin = "11110110";
int rest = bin.Length % 4;
bin = bin.PadLeft(rest, '0'); //pad the length out to by divideable by 4
string output = "";
for(int i = 0; i <= bin.Length - 4; i +=4)
{
output += string.Format("{0:X}", Convert.ToByte(bin.Substring(i, 4), 2));
}

static string BinToHex(string bin)
{
if (bin == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("bin");
if (bin.Length % 8 != 0)
throw new ArgumentException("The length must be a multiple of 8", "bin");
var hex = Enumerable.Range(0, bin.Length / 8)
.Select(i => bin.Substring(8 * i, 8))
.Select(s => Convert.ToByte(s, 2))
.Select(b => b.ToString("x2"));
return String.Join(null, hex);
}

Using LINQ
string BinaryToHex(string binaryString)
{
var offset = 0;
StringBuilder sb = new();
while (offset < binaryString.Length)
{
var nibble = binaryString
.Skip(offset)
.Take(4);
sb.Append($"{Convert.ToUInt32(nibble.toString()), 2):X}");
offset += 4;
}
return sb.ToString();
}

You can take the input number four digit at a time. Convert this digit to ex ( as you did is ok ) then concat the string all together. So you obtain a string representing the number in hex, independetly from the size. Depending on where start MSB on your input string, may be the output string you obtain the way i described must be reversed.

How to convert numbers between hexadecimal and decimal

How do you convert between hexadecimal numbers and decimal numbers in C#?

To convert from decimal to hex do...
string hexValue = decValue.ToString("X");
To convert from hex to decimal do either...
int decValue = int.Parse(hexValue, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber);
or
int decValue = Convert.ToInt32(hexValue, 16);

Hex -> decimal:
Convert.ToInt64(hexString, 16);
Decimal -> Hex
string.Format("{0:x}", intValue);

It looks like you can say
Convert.ToInt64(value, 16)
to get the decimal from hexdecimal.
The other way around is:
otherVar.ToString("X");

If you want maximum performance when doing conversion from hex to decimal number, you can use the approach with pre-populated table of hex-to-decimal values.
Here is the code that illustrates that idea. My performance tests showed that it can be 20%-40% faster than Convert.ToInt32(...):
class TableConvert
{
static sbyte[] unhex_table =
{ -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
,-1,10,11,12,13,14,15,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
,-1,10,11,12,13,14,15,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
};
public static int Convert(string hexNumber)
{
int decValue = unhex_table[(byte)hexNumber[0]];
for (int i = 1; i < hexNumber.Length; i++)
{
decValue *= 16;
decValue += unhex_table[(byte)hexNumber[i]];
}
return decValue;
}
}

From Geekpedia:
// Store integer 182
int decValue = 182;
// Convert integer 182 as a hex in a string variable
string hexValue = decValue.ToString("X");
// Convert the hex string back to the number
int decAgain = int.Parse(hexValue, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber);

String stringrep = myintvar.ToString("X");
int num = int.Parse("FF", System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber);

If it's a really big hex string beyond the capacity of the normal integer:
For .NET 3.5, we can use BouncyCastle's BigInteger class:
String hex = "68c7b05d0000000002f8";
// results in "494809724602834812404472"
String decimal = new Org.BouncyCastle.Math.BigInteger(hex, 16).ToString();
.NET 4.0 has the BigInteger class.

Hex to Decimal Conversion
Convert.ToInt32(number, 16);
Decimal to Hex Conversion
int.Parse(number, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber)
For more details Check this article

Try using BigNumber in C# - Represents an arbitrarily large signed integer.
Program
using System.Numerics;
...
var bigNumber = BigInteger.Parse("837593454735734579347547357233757342857087879423437472347757234945743");
Console.WriteLine(bigNumber.ToString("X"));
Output
4F30DC39A5B10A824134D5B18EEA3707AC854EE565414ED2E498DCFDE1A15DA5FEB6074AE248458435BD417F06F674EB29A2CFECF
Possible Exceptions,
ArgumentNullException - value is null.
FormatException - value is not in the correct format.
Conclusion
You can convert string and store a value in BigNumber without constraints about the size of the number unless the string is empty and non-analphabets

static string chex(byte e) // Convert a byte to a string representing that byte in hexadecimal
{
string r = "";
string chars = "0123456789ABCDEF";
r += chars[e >> 4];
return r += chars[e &= 0x0F];
} // Easy enough...
static byte CRAZY_BYTE(string t, int i) // Take a byte, if zero return zero, else throw exception (i=0 means false, i>0 means true)
{
if (i == 0) return 0;
throw new Exception(t);
}
static byte hbyte(string e) // Take 2 characters: these are hex chars, convert it to a byte
{ // WARNING: This code will make small children cry. Rated R.
e = e.ToUpper(); //
string msg = "INVALID CHARS"; // The message that will be thrown if the hex str is invalid
byte[] t = new byte[] // Gets the 2 characters and puts them in seperate entries in a byte array.
{ // This will throw an exception if (e.Length != 2).
(byte)e[CRAZY_BYTE("INVALID LENGTH", e.Length ^ 0x02)],
(byte)e[0x01]
};
for (byte i = 0x00; i < 0x02; i++) // Convert those [ascii] characters to [hexadecimal] characters. Error out if either character is invalid.
{
t[i] -= (byte)((t[i] >= 0x30) ? 0x30 : CRAZY_BYTE(msg, 0x01)); // Check for 0-9
t[i] -= (byte)((!(t[i] < 0x0A)) ? (t[i] >= 0x11 ? 0x07 : CRAZY_BYTE(msg, 0x01)) : 0x00); // Check for A-F
}
return t[0x01] |= t[0x00] <<= 0x04; // The moment of truth.
}

This is not really easiest way but this source code enable you to right any types of octal number i.e 23.214, 23 and 0.512 and so on. Hope this will help you..
public string octal_to_decimal(string m_value)
{
double i, j, x = 0;
Int64 main_value;
int k = 0;
bool pw = true, ch;
int position_pt = m_value.IndexOf(".");
if (position_pt == -1)
{
main_value = Convert.ToInt64(m_value);
ch = false;
}
else
{
main_value = Convert.ToInt64(m_value.Remove(position_pt, m_value.Length - position_pt));
ch = true;
}
while (k <= 1)
{
do
{
i = main_value % 10; // Return Remainder
i = i * Convert.ToDouble(Math.Pow(8, x)); // calculate power
if (pw)
x++;
else
x--;
o_to_d = o_to_d + i; // Saving Required calculated value in main variable
main_value = main_value / 10; // Dividing the main value
}
while (main_value >= 1);
if (ch)
{
k++;
main_value = Convert.ToInt64(Reversestring(m_value.Remove(0, position_pt + 1)));
}
else
k = 2;
pw = false;
x = -1;
}
return (Convert.ToString(o_to_d));
}

This one worked for me:
public static decimal HexToDec(string hex)
{
if (hex.Length % 2 == 1)
hex = "0" + hex;
byte[] raw = new byte[hex.Length / 2];
decimal d = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < raw.Length; i++)
{
raw[i] = Convert.ToByte(hex.Substring(i * 2, 2), 16);
d += Math.Pow(256, (raw.Length - 1 - i)) * raw[i];
}
return d.ToString();
return d;
}

Decimal - Hexa
var decValue = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
string hex = string.Format("{0:x}", decValue);
Console.WriteLine(hex);
Hexa - Decimal (use namespace: using System.Globalization;)
var hexval = Console.ReadLine();
int decValue = int.Parse(hexval, NumberStyles.HexNumber);
Console.WriteLine(decValue);

FOUR C# native ways to convert Hex to Dec and back:
using System;
namespace Hexadecimal_and_Decimal
{
internal class Program
{
private static void Main(string[] args)
{
string hex = "4DEAD";
int dec;
// hex to dec:
dec = int.Parse(hex, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber);
// or:
dec = Convert.ToInt32(hex, 16);
// dec to hex:
hex = dec.ToString("X"); // lowcase: x, uppercase: X
// or:
hex = string.Format("{0:X}", dec); // lowcase: x, uppercase: X
Console.WriteLine("Hexadecimal number: " + hex);
Console.WriteLine("Decimal number: " + dec);
}
}
}

My version is I think a little more understandable because my C# knowledge is not so high.
I'm using this algorithm: http://easyguyevo.hubpages.com/hub/Convert-Hex-to-Decimal (The Example 2)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
static class Tool
{
public static string DecToHex(int x)
{
string result = "";
while (x != 0)
{
if ((x % 16) < 10)
result = x % 16 + result;
else
{
string temp = "";
switch (x % 16)
{
case 10: temp = "A"; break;
case 11: temp = "B"; break;
case 12: temp = "C"; break;
case 13: temp = "D"; break;
case 14: temp = "E"; break;
case 15: temp = "F"; break;
}
result = temp + result;
}
x /= 16;
}
return result;
}
public static int HexToDec(string x)
{
int result = 0;
int count = x.Length - 1;
for (int i = 0; i < x.Length; i++)
{
int temp = 0;
switch (x[i])
{
case 'A': temp = 10; break;
case 'B': temp = 11; break;
case 'C': temp = 12; break;
case 'D': temp = 13; break;
case 'E': temp = 14; break;
case 'F': temp = 15; break;
default: temp = -48 + (int)x[i]; break; // -48 because of ASCII
}
result += temp * (int)(Math.Pow(16, count));
count--;
}
return result;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.Write("Enter Decimal value: ");
int decNum = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("Dec {0} is hex {1}", decNum, Tool.DecToHex(decNum));
Console.Write("\nEnter Hexadecimal value: ");
string hexNum = Console.ReadLine().ToUpper();
Console.WriteLine("Hex {0} is dec {1}", hexNum, Tool.HexToDec(hexNum));
Console.ReadKey();
}
}

Convert binary to Hex
Convert.ToString(Convert.ToUInt32(binary1, 2), 16).ToUpper()

You can use this code and possible set Hex length and part's:
const int decimal_places = 4;
const int int_places = 4;
static readonly string decimal_places_format = $"X{decimal_places}";
static readonly string int_places_format = $"X{int_places}";
public static string DecimaltoHex(decimal number)
{
var n = (int)Math.Truncate(number);
var f = (int)Math.Truncate((number - n) * ((decimal)Math.Pow(10, decimal_places)));
return $"{string.Format($"{{0:{int_places_format}}}", n)}{string.Format($"{{0:{decimal_places_format}}}", f)}";
}
public static decimal HextoDecimal(string number)
{
var n = number.Substring(0, number.Length - decimal_places);
var f = number.Substring(number.Length - decimal_places);
return decimal.Parse($"{int.Parse(n, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber)}.{int.Parse(f, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber)}");
}

An extension method for converting a byte array into a hex representation. This pads each byte with leading zeros.
/// <summary>
/// Turns the byte array into its Hex representation.
/// </summary>
public static string ToHex(this byte[] y)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (byte b in y)
{
sb.Append(b.ToString("X").PadLeft(2, "0"[0]));
}
return sb.ToString();
}

Here is my function:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
class HexadecimalToDecimal
{
static Dictionary<char, int> hexdecval = new Dictionary<char, int>{
{'0', 0},
{'1', 1},
{'2', 2},
{'3', 3},
{'4', 4},
{'5', 5},
{'6', 6},
{'7', 7},
{'8', 8},
{'9', 9},
{'a', 10},
{'b', 11},
{'c', 12},
{'d', 13},
{'e', 14},
{'f', 15},
};
static decimal HexToDec(string hex)
{
decimal result = 0;
hex = hex.ToLower();
for (int i = 0; i < hex.Length; i++)
{
char valAt = hex[hex.Length - 1 - i];
result += hexdecval[valAt] * (int)Math.Pow(16, i);
}
return result;
}
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter Hexadecimal value");
string hex = Console.ReadLine().Trim();
//string hex = "29A";
Console.WriteLine("Hex {0} is dec {1}", hex, HexToDec(hex));
Console.ReadKey();
}
}

My solution is a bit like back to basics, but it works without using any built-in functions to convert between number systems.
public static string DecToHex(long a)
{
int n = 1;
long b = a;
while (b > 15)
{
b /= 16;
n++;
}
string[] t = new string[n];
int i = 0, j = n - 1;
do
{
if (a % 16 == 10) t[i] = "A";
else if (a % 16 == 11) t[i] = "B";
else if (a % 16 == 12) t[i] = "C";
else if (a % 16 == 13) t[i] = "D";
else if (a % 16 == 14) t[i] = "E";
else if (a % 16 == 15) t[i] = "F";
else t[i] = (a % 16).ToString();
a /= 16;
i++;
}
while ((a * 16) > 15);
string[] r = new string[n];
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
r[i] = t[j];
j--;
}
string res = string.Concat(r);
return res;
}

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