Develop Reference

Rotating Camera around a player object on both X and Y axis with mouse button

I'm trying to rotate the camera angle on my third person player game object on both X and Y axes by using the middle mouse button.
I have this code below.
public class CameraControl : MonoBehaviour
{
public Transform player;
public Vector3 offset;
public float pitch = 2f;
private float turnSpeed = 5f;
private float currentZoom = 10f;
void LateUpdate()
{
if (Input.GetMouseButton(2))
{
offset = Quaternion.AngleAxis(Input.GetAxis("Mouse X") * turnSpeed, Vector3.up) * offset;
offset = Quaternion.AngleAxis(Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y") * turnSpeed, Vector3.right) * offset;
}
transform.position = player.position - offset * currentZoom;
transform.LookAt(player.position + Vector3.up * pitch);
}
}
Rotating in single axes seem to work as expected, I can rotate along X axis or Y axis without any problems, however when they mix up (moving in both directions at the same time) then some things seem to break and the rotation seems to not work as well. It's as if it loses its ability to move along the Y axis along the way.
Another problem is that I'm not quite sure how to limit the Y axis so that the rotation doesn't go below ground or above and around the player's head. I thought about using Mathf.Clamp but setting the min and the max values seems too problematic in my code as it currently is.

For the Quaternion operator * the order matters! It is currentRotation * additionalRotation.
Also usually what you want to do in order to not get a tilted rotation
rotate around the global Y axis
rotate around the local X axis
I think it should rather be something like
if (Input.GetMouseButton(2))
{
offset *= Quaternion.AngleAxis(Input.GetAxis("Mouse X") * turnSpeed, Vector3.up);
offset *= Quaternion.AngleAxis(Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y") * turnSpeed, transform.right);
}
In general I would propose a different approach
I would give the camera a parent object and place that parent object at the position where to look at (your player).
Then youove the camera on the negative local Z axis (zoom).
For the rotation you rather simply rotate the parent object.
Hierarchy
- CameraAnchor
|--Camera (With CameraControl)
and then do something like
public class CameraControl : MonoBehaviour
{
public Transform player;
public Vector3 offset;
public float pitch = 2f;
private float turnSpeed = 5f;
private float currentZoom = 10f;
void LateUpdate()
{
// Center the parent on the player with an optional offset
transform.parent.position = player.position + offset;
if (Input.GetMouseButton(2))
{
// Simply rotate the parent accordingly
// Since the camera is a child of it it will automatically be moved in an orbit
transform.parent.rotation *= Quaternion.AngleAxis(Input.GetAxis("Mouse X") * turnSpeed, Vector3.up);
transform.parent.rotation *= Quaternion.AngleAxis(Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y") * turnSpeed, transform.parent.right);
}
// For the zoom simply move the camera in its local space forward and backward
// A higher value for currentZoom means further away
// so you might want to either change the name or use something like 1/currentZoom
transform.localPosition = Vector3.back * currentZoom;
}
}

How to limit camera's vertical rotation Unity 3D

I would like to limit my vertical rotation of the camera so that it can't do a 360 spin. I have tried a lot of tutorials but nothing worked for me so i .
Please also check my code.
[RequireComponent(typeof(PlayerMoto))]
public class PlayerController: MonoBehaviour {
public float speed = 5, sensetivity;
private PlayerMoto motor;
public GameObject hands;
public camera cam;
float lookUpMax = .6 f;
void Start() {
motor = GetComponent < PlayerMoto > ();
cam = GetComponent < camera > ();
}
void Update() {
//cam.transform.localEulerAngles = new Vector3(cam.transform.localEulerAngles.x, 0, 0);
float _xmove = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
float _zmove = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
Vector3 _moveHorizontal = transform.right * _xmove;
Vector3 _movVertical = transform.forward * _zmove;
Vector3 _velocity = (_moveHorizontal + _movVertical) * speed;
motor.Move(_velocity);
float _yRot = Input.GetAxis("Mouse X");
Vector3 _rotation = new Vector3(0 f, _yRot, 0 f) * sensetivity;
motor.Rotate(_rotation);
float _xRot = Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y");
Vector3 _cameraRotation = new Vector3(_xRot, 0 f, 0 f) * sensetivity;
motor.RotateCamera(_cameraRotation);
if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.LeftShift) && Input.GetKey(KeyCode.W)) {
for (; speed <= 15; speed++) {
speed = 15;
}
} else {
speed = 10;
}
}
}
Thank you very much for your kind help. I really appreciate every single comment to try and help me in this amazing journey.

Try this out
private void Rotation()
{
x_axis += speed * Input.GetAxis("Mouse X"); // speed = 2f;
y_axis -= speed * Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y");
y_axis = Mathf.Clamp (y_axis, -45, 45); // limits vertical rotation
transform.eulerAngles = new Vector3(y_axis, x_axis, 0.0f);
}

If I understood your code, the part that moves the camera is:
float _xRot = Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y");
Vector3 _cameraRotation = new Vector3(_xRot, 0f, 0f) * sensetivity;
Then, your code calls this method on another class
motor.RotateCamera(_cameraRotation);
which probably (since the previous suggestion did not work) applies the rotation through
GameObject.Rotate(_cameraRotation);
In order to limit your camera’s rotation, we need to directly apply the rotation, and it cannot be clamped if the rotation is applied by adding a rotation to the existing rotation.
So, let’s assume you can skip that call and directly apply the rotation (I don’t know if there will be side effects), and let’s assume your cam variable is your camera.
If all these assumptions are correct, you can try:
float _xRot += Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y") * sensetivity;
xRot = Mathf.Clamp(_xRot, xMin, xMax);
cam.transform.rotation = Quaternion.Euler(_xRot, 0.0f, 0.0f);
Remember to comment out
//motor.RotateCamera(_cameraRotation);
You can declare
public float xMin;
public float xMax;
And experiment with values until you find your optimal ones.
I strongly suspect that the code I suggested will not solve all your problems, or it could add issues, because the actual transformations of both your player and the camera are applied by another script, that is not provided. In that case, you can provide us also that code, but I suggest you try writing your own code, that you can customize to your needs.
As for why clamping a rotation is not as easy as it seems, this post is interesting:
Rotations, Quaternions and Euler Angles

How do I make the camera stay within a sphere?

I can make the camera move the way I want, but I need it to be confined to within the 3D hollow sphere that I created. Currently the player can fly the camera out of the game area.
I've tried parenting the camera to a spherical game object, but the camera still leaves the game area but the sphere stays inside.
This was my attempt at using the BoundingSphere method to keep the camera inside the sphere.
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class SphericalBoundary : MonoBehaviour
{
public Vector3 pos;
public float r;
void Start()
{
BoundingSphere();
}
private void FixedUpdate()
{
BoundingSphere();
}
public void BoundingSphere()
{
pos = new Vector3(0, 0, 0);
r = (100);
}
}
============================================================================
============================================================================
This is the script that makes the camera fly around. Works perfectly.
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class CameraFlight : MonoBehaviour
{
/*
EXTENDED FLYCAM
Desi Quintans (CowfaceGames.com), 17 August 2012.
Based on FlyThrough.js by Slin (http://wiki.unity3d.com/index.php/FlyThrough), 17 May 2011.
LICENSE
Free as in speech, and free as in beer.
FEATURES
WASD/Arrows: Movement
Q: Climb
E: Drop
Shift: Move faster
Control: Move slower
End: Toggle cursor locking to screen (you can also press Ctrl+P to toggle play mode on and off).
*/
public float cameraSensitivity = 90;
public float climbSpeed = 4;
public float normalMoveSpeed = 10;
public float slowMoveFactor = 0.25f;
public float fastMoveFactor = 3;
private float rotationX = 0.0f;
private float rotationY = 0.0f;
void Start()
{
// Screen.lockCursor = true;
}
void Update()
{
rotationX += Input.GetAxis("Mouse X") * cameraSensitivity * Time.deltaTime;
rotationY += Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y") * cameraSensitivity * Time.deltaTime;
rotationY = Mathf.Clamp(rotationY, -90, 90);
transform.localRotation = Quaternion.AngleAxis(rotationX, Vector3.up);
transform.localRotation *= Quaternion.AngleAxis(rotationY, Vector3.left);
if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.LeftShift) || Input.GetKey(KeyCode.RightShift))
{
transform.position += transform.forward * (normalMoveSpeed * fastMoveFactor) * Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * Time.deltaTime;
transform.position += transform.right * (normalMoveSpeed * fastMoveFactor) * Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * Time.deltaTime;
}
else if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.LeftControl) || Input.GetKey(KeyCode.RightControl))
{
transform.position += transform.forward * (normalMoveSpeed * slowMoveFactor) * Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * Time.deltaTime;
transform.position += transform.right * (normalMoveSpeed * slowMoveFactor) * Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * Time.deltaTime;
}
else
{
transform.position += transform.forward * normalMoveSpeed * Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * Time.deltaTime;
transform.position += transform.right * normalMoveSpeed * Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * Time.deltaTime;
}
if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Q)) { transform.position += transform.up * climbSpeed * Time.deltaTime; }
if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.E)) { transform.position -= transform.up * climbSpeed * Time.deltaTime; }
//if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.End))
//{
// Screen.lockCursor = (Screen.lockCursor == false) ? true :][1]
false;
//}
}
}
No errors are showing up. During play the player can fly the camera out of the sphere but I want them confined to the sphere.

I think you must look your camera position on every frame and also check if it's going out of bound of the sphere here is some code which might help you(it is not tested)
public class TestScriptForStackOverflow : MonoBehaviour {
public Transform CameraTrans, SphereTrans;
private float _sphereRadius;
void Start() {
//if we are talking about sphere its localscale.x,y,z values are always equal
_sphereRadius = SphereTrans.localScale.x / 2;
}
void Update() {
if (IsOutsideTheSphere(_sphereRadius, CameraTrans.position, SphereTrans.position)) {
//lets find direction of camera from sphere center
Vector3 direction = (CameraTrans.position - SphereTrans.position).normalized;
//this is bound point for specific direction which is point is on the end of the radius
Vector3 boundPos = SphereTrans.position + direction * _sphereRadius;
//finally assign bound position to camera to stop it to pierce the sphere bounds
CameraTrans.position = boundPos;
}
}
private bool IsOutsideTheSphere(float sphereRadius, Vector3 cameraPosition, Vector3 sphereCenterPosition) {
//distance betweeen cameraPosition and sphereCenterPosition
float distanceBetween = (cameraPosition - sphereCenterPosition).magnitude;
//returns true if distance between sphere center and camera position is longer then sphere radius
return distanceBetween > sphereRadius;
}
If there is something you don't understand ask me in comments

How to move 2D Object within camera view boundary

I have a scene that my camera doesn't follow my player. When player reaches the end of camera I want player to can't go further (out of camera view). How can I do this?
My codes for movement
public class PlayerBlueController : MonoBehaviour {
public float speed;
private float x;
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
}
// Update is called once per frame
void FixedUpdate () {
x = Input.GetAxis ("Horizontal") / 100 * speed;
transform.Translate (x,0,0);
}
}
As you can see from this. It gets out of camera's view.

I noticed you used a Collider2D. You should be using Rigidbody2D.MovePosition instead of transform.Translate or you'll likely run into issues when transform.Translate is used.
1.Take the final move position and convert it to new position in ViewPortPoint with Camera.main.WorldToViewportPoint
2.Apply a limit with Mathf.Clamp to the result in #1.
3.Convert the ViewPortPoint back to world point with Camera.main.ViewportToWorldPoint.
4.Finally, move it with Rigidbody2D.MovePosition.
The code below is modified from this answer to include restriction to screen boundary.
Move without Rigidbody:
Use only if collision and physics are NOT required:
public float speed = 100;
public Transform obj;
public void Update()
{
float h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
float v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
//Move only if we actually pressed something
if ((h > 0 || v > 0) || (h < 0 || v < 0))
{
Vector3 tempVect = new Vector3(h, v, 0);
tempVect = tempVect.normalized * speed * Time.deltaTime;
Vector3 newPos = obj.transform.position + tempVect;
checkBoundary(newPos);
}
}
void checkBoundary(Vector3 newPos)
{
//Convert to camera view point
Vector3 camViewPoint = Camera.main.WorldToViewportPoint(newPos);
//Apply limit
camViewPoint.x = Mathf.Clamp(camViewPoint.x, 0.04f, 0.96f);
camViewPoint.y = Mathf.Clamp(camViewPoint.y, 0.07f, 0.93f);
//Convert to world point then apply result to the target object
obj.position = Camera.main.ViewportToWorldPoint(camViewPoint);
}
Move Object with Rigidbody2D:
Use if collision and physics are required:
public float speed = 100;
public Rigidbody2D rb;
public void Update()
{
float h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
float v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
//Move only if we actually pressed something
if ((h > 0 || v > 0) || (h < 0 || v < 0))
{
Vector3 tempVect = new Vector3(h, v, 0);
tempVect = tempVect.normalized * speed * Time.deltaTime;
//rb.MovePosition(rb.transform.position + tempVect);
Vector3 newPos = rb.transform.position + tempVect;
checkBoundary(newPos);
}
}
void checkBoundary(Vector3 newPos)
{
//Convert to camera view point
Vector3 camViewPoint = Camera.main.WorldToViewportPoint(newPos);
//Apply limit
camViewPoint.x = Mathf.Clamp(camViewPoint.x, 0.04f, 0.96f);
camViewPoint.y = Mathf.Clamp(camViewPoint.y, 0.07f, 0.93f);
//Convert to world point then apply result to the target object
Vector3 finalPos = Camera.main.ViewportToWorldPoint(camViewPoint);
rb.MovePosition(finalPos);
}

image not respond .
but you can check player location
x = Input.GetAxis ("Horizontal") / 100 * speed;
if(gameobject.transform.x > someValue)
x=0
gameobject will be OBJECT in scene that u attach class to it.
another way is place 2 empty gameobject with collider as invisibleWall and get collider to player

Possible solution is:
1.Get the coordinates of your screen cornes (top left, top right, bottom left, bottom right). You can get this coordinates using Screen.height and Screen.width.
2.Convert this coordinates using the camera you need with Camera.ScreenToWorldPoint.
3.Get your player coordinates and check that they are inside the rect which is formed by 4 coordinates of the screen corners.

You need to limit your transform's position based on the edges of the camera. Here is an answer describing the different coordinate systems in unity
You're probably looking to do something like this:
float xMin = Camera.main.ViewportToWorldPoint(Vector3.zero).x;
float xMax = Camera.main.ViewportToWorldPoint(Vector3.one).x;
Vector3 currentPos = transform.position;
float dx = Input.GetAxis ("Horizontal") / 100 * speed;
Vector3 desiredPos = new Vector3(currentPos.x + dx, currentPos.y, currentPos.z);
Vector3 realPos = desiredPos;
if(desiredPos.x > xMax)
realPos.x = xMax;
else if(desiredPos.x < xMin)
realPos.x = xMin;
transform.position = realPos;
Read up here for more info on ViewportToWorldPoint(), it's extremely useful to become comfortable with the different coordinate spaces and how you can convert between them.

Why is a camera rotated around z-axis in Unity3D?

I have a main camera in Unity3D that I want to rotate depending on mouse input, so it works as a first person video-game where you move the mouse depending on where do you want to look at.
The starting values of the camera (Transform tab in Inspector tab in Unity) are:
Position: X = -1, Y = 1, Z = -11.
Rotation: X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0.
Scale: X = 1, Y = 1, Z = 1.
I added a Script component for the Main Camera. And it is the following class:
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class CameraMove : MonoBehaviour {
float deltaRotation = 50f;
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update () {
if(Input.GetAxis("Mouse X") < 0){
//Code for action on mouse moving left
transform.Rotate (new Vector3 (0f, -deltaRotation, 0f) * Time.deltaTime);
}
else if(Input.GetAxis("Mouse X") > 0){
//Code for action on mouse moving right
transform.Rotate (new Vector3 (0f, deltaRotation, 0f) * Time.deltaTime);
}
if(Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y") < 0){
//Code for action on mouse moving left
transform.Rotate (new Vector3 (deltaRotation, 0f, 0f) * Time.deltaTime);
}
else if(Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y") > 0){
//Code for action on mouse moving right
transform.Rotate (new Vector3 (-deltaRotation, 0f, 0f) * Time.deltaTime);
}
}
}
However, when I play the scene the camera doesn't rotate like it should. The values of the rotation change in x-axis, y-axis and even for z-axis.
What am I doing wrong?

That's a problem with how Quaternion is calculated. This happens when multiple axis are being modified. If you comment all the x rotation or the y rotation, and only rotate in one axis at a time, you will realize that this problem will go away.
To properly rotate your camera with the mouse input, use the eulerAngles or localEulerAngles variables. The option between these two depends on what you are doing.
public float xMoveThreshold = 1000.0f;
public float yMoveThreshold = 1000.0f;
public float yMaxLimit = 45.0f;
public float yMinLimit = -45.0f;
float yRotCounter = 0.0f;
float xRotCounter = 0.0f;
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{
xRotCounter += Input.GetAxis("Mouse X") * xMoveThreshold * Time.deltaTime;
yRotCounter += Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y") * yMoveThreshold * Time.deltaTime;
yRotCounter = Mathf.Clamp(yRotCounter, yMinLimit, yMaxLimit);
transform.localEulerAngles = new Vector3(-yRotCounter, xRotCounter, 0);
}