Develop Reference

Unable to patrol enemies

I just can’t figure out how to make random points for patrolling, I went through 100 manuals, but I can’t do it.
No need to write about NavMeshAgent. Not used.
using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine;
public sealed class Manikin : MonoBehaviour {
private Vector3 StartManikin = Vector3.zero,
NewPosition = Vector3.zero;
private readonly float Speed = 2.0f;
void Start() {
StartManikin = transform.position;
}
void Update() {
if (Vector3.zero == NewPosition) {
NewPosition = StartManikin + Random.onUnitSphere * 2;
}
if (Vector3.Distance(transform.position, NewPosition) < 0.1f) {
StartManikin = transform.position;
NewPosition = Vector3.zero;
} else {
transform.LookAt(new Vector3(NewPosition.x, StartManikin.y, NewPosition.z));
transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(transform.position, NewPosition, Speed * Time.deltaTime);
}
}
}
The problem is that there may be obstacles in the form of a fence, a tree, houses, cars, etc.
I need that when the enemy appears, random points are generated in his radius so that he does not leave further.
Help me out, I can’t figure out what needs to be done to make everything work ...

It turns out that I just did not see that the Pivot of the model is not clear where, it flies in another dimension, the problem is solved, it is necessary to reset all transformations and the world point of the model's coordinates.
I didn’t see it right away, all the options turned out to be working ...
And also, it was necessary to fix the problem with the take-off along the y-axis, so that this does not happen, you need to look at the bottom point of the object from which we will spawn the coordinate for it.
if (Vector3.zero == NewPosition) {
NewPosition = StartManikin + (Random.onUnitSphere * 5);
NewPosition.y = transform.GetComponent<CapsuleCollider>().bounds.min.y;
}
if (Vector3.Distance(transform.position, NewPosition) < 0.1f) {
StartManikin = transform.position;
NewPosition = Vector3.zero;
} else {
transform.LookAt(new Vector3(NewPosition.x, transform.position.y, NewPosition.z));
transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(transform.position, NewPosition, Speed * Time.deltaTime);
}

Moving from one place to another over time (or rotating) in Unity

I have a problem with moving from one place to another in Unity over time. I would like my character to move from current position to current + 1 on Y. Unfortunately, looks like it does not get the current position properly or something, since if I debug what I wrote, it says that the magnitude is always 1, so the point is moving with me. Shouldn't it just check the current position and add 1 to Y, move to that position and then check again? I have no idea what's wrong with this code, or if it's strictly connected with how Unity checks positions and things in real time?
public bool moving = false;
private Vector3 dir;
void FrontMovement()
{
Vector3 movement = new Vector3(-Mathf.Sin(transform.eulerAngles.z * Mathf.PI / 180), Mathf.Cos(transform.eulerAngles.z * Mathf.PI / 180), 0f); // always moving front, even after rotation
if (moving == false)
{
dir = movement - transform.position;
moving = true;
return;
}
transform.Translate(dir.normalized * Time.deltaTime);
if(dir.magnitude <= Time.deltaTime)
{
Debug.Log("Finished movement");
moving = false;
}
}
void FixedUpdate()
{
Debug.Log(dir.magnitude);
FrontMovement();
}
I would also like to know how to do rotations over time.

https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/Vector3.Lerp.html
lerp also works for rotations
// Movement speed in units per second.
public float speed = 1.0F;
// Time when the movement started.
private float startTime;
// Total distance between the markers.
private float journeyLength;
void StartMoving() {
// Keep a note of the time the movement started.
startTime = Time.time;
Vector3 modifiedPosition = transform.position;
transform.position.y += 1.0f;
// Calculate the journey length.
journeyLength = Vector3.Distance(transform.position, modifiedPosition.position);
moving = true;
}
// Move to the target end position.
void Update()
{
if (moving) {
// Distance moved equals elapsed time times speed..
float distCovered = (Time.time - startTime) * speed;
// Fraction of journey completed equals current distance divided by total distance.
float fractionOfJourney = distCovered / journeyLength;
// Set our position as a fraction of the distance between the markers.
transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(startMarker.position, endMarker.position, fractionOfJourney);
if (fractionOfJourney >= 1.0f) {
moving = false;
}
}
}

You could use Coroutine + Vector3.Lerp to move with a specified amount of time:
public IEnumerator MoveToPosition(Transform transform, Vector3 position, float timeToMove)
{
var currentPos = transform.position;
var t = 0f;
while(t <= 1f)
{
t += Time.deltaTime / timeToMove;
transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(currentPos, position, t);
yield return null;
}
transform.position = position;
}
you call the coroutine in Start Method
StartCoroutine(MoveToPosition(transform, newposition, timeToMove))
You could use the same logic for Rotating, with Quaternion.Lerp or Slerp and Quaternion.LookRotation, of course you have lot of sample with rotation over time on WEB!! google is your friend...
public IEnumerator RotateToDirection(Transform transform, Vector3 position, float timeToRotate)
{
var startRotation = transform.rotation;
var direction = position - transform.position;
var finalRotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(direction);
var t = 0f;
while (t <= 1f)
{
t += Time.deltaTime / timeToRotate;
transform.rotation = Quaternion.Lerp(startRotation, finalRotation, t);
yield return null;
}
transform.rotation = finalRotation;
}

Quaternion.Lerp clock rotation

I am trying to rotate the hand of the clock on click, but nothing is actually happening, none of the arrows is actually moving so I probably did something wrong... any help would be much appreciated, thank you
script below
public class Clock : MonoBehaviour {
public GameObject minuteHand;
public GameObject hourHand;
private Quaternion targetRotation;
float speed = 0.1f;
void Start()
{
targetRotation = transform.rotation;
}
void Update()
{
if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0))
{
minuteHand.transform.rotation = Quaternion.Lerp(minuteHand.transform.rotation, targetRotation, Time.deltaTime * speed);
}
} }

Your code is only executed exactly in one single frame when the mouse button goes down.
Also that is not how Lerp works. Lerp expects a factor between 0 and 1 and interpolates both values. If you multiply your speed (0.1) and the Time.deltaTime which for 60FPS has a value of about 1/60f = 0.017f you get a resulting factor of about 0.0017f => You will always stay pretty close to the first value
especially since additionally your targetRotation always equals the current transform.rotation!
I assume what you wanted is: Every click move the minute 6° ahead (360°/60 minutes = 6°/minute).
Once a full circle is done move the hour 30° ahead (360°/12 hours = 30°/hour)
public class Clock : MonoBehaviour
{
public GameObject minuteHand;
public GameObject hourHand;
Quaternion originalRotationMinute;
Quaternion originalRotationHour;
int minutes;
int hours;
// Store original orientations
void Start()
{
originalRotationMinute = minuteHand.transform.rotation;
originalRotationHour = hourHand.transform.rotation;
}
void Update()
{
if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0))
{
// First calculate the new time
minutes++;
if(minutes == 60)
{
minutes = 0;
hours++;
if(hours = 12)
{
hours = 0;
}
}
// Now update the rotations with the new time
// I'm assuming here you want to rotate around the Z axis
// if this is not the case change this according to your needs
var targetMinuteRotation = originalRotationMinute * Quaternion.Euler(0, 0, 6.0f * minutes);
var targetHourRotation = originalRotationHour * Quaternion.Euler(0, 0, 30.0f * hours);
minuteHand.transform.rotation = targetMinuteRotation;
hourHand.transform.rotation = targetHourRotation;
}
}
}
This would make the clock "jump" to the target rotations. If what you rather wanted is a smooth rotation (what I assume from the usage of Lerp) I would probably use a Coroutine for that:
public class Clock : MonoBehaviour
{
public GameObject minuteHand;
public GameObject hourHand;
float speed = 0.1f;
Quaternion originalRotationMinute;
Quaternion originalRotationHour;
int minutes;
int hours;
void Start()
{
originalRotationMinute = minuteHand.transform.rotation;
originalRotationHour = hourHand.transform.rotation;
}
void Update()
{
if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0))
{
// cancel the current routines
StopAllCoroutines();
// calculate the new time
minutes++;
if(minutes == 60)
{
minutes = 0;
hours++;
if(hours = 12) hours = 0;
}
// I'm assuming here you want to rotate around the Z axis
// if this is not the case change this according to your needs
var targetMinuteRotation = originalRotationMinute * Quaternion.Euler(0, 0, 6.0f * minutes);
var targetHourRotation = originalRotationHour * Quaternion.Euler(0, 0, 30.0f * hours);
// This time instead of directly setting the values start coroutines
// to rotate the hands smoothly according to the given speed
StartCoroutine (RotateTo(minuteHand, targetMinuteRotation));
StartCoroutine (RotateTo(hourHand, targetHourRotation));
}
}
// rotate the given object to the given target rotation
// according to the given speed
private IEnumerator RotateTo(GameObject obj, Quaternion targetRotation)
{
var targetTransform = obj.transform;
var current = targetTransform.rotation;
// I your are not rotating on the Z axis change this accordingly to your needs
var difference = targetRotation.eulerAngels.z - current.eulerAngles.z;
if(Mathf.Approximately(0, difference)) yield break;
var duration = difference / speed;
var timePassed = 0f;
while(timePassed <= duration)
{
var factor = timePassed / duration;
targetTransform.rotation = Quaternion.Lerp(current, targetRotation, factor);
timePassed += Time.deltaTime;
yield return null;
}
// t be sure set the final rotation once in the end
targetTransform.rotation = targetRotation;
}
}
Typed on smartphone but I hope the idea gets clear

For me only this works. You can't modify speed to make it even slower, but it looks fine (may be it will be helpful to someone)
float speed = 0.1f //how fast rotate
private void FixedUpdate()
{
nextRot = hour * -30;
transform.rotation = Quaternion.Lerp(transform.rotation, Quaternion.Euler(0, 0, nextRot), speed);
}

Slow down Rigidbody

I am adding forward force based on GetAxis ("Vertical") and a speed modifier up to normal max speed.
I am also allowing "speed boost" that adds more force on top of the normal added force up to boosted max speed.
what i am having hard time with is slowing the object down once boost period is over
So basically if you were booster to a faster speed then normal max speed and you cannot speed boost no more, slow the object back to normal max speed.
this is what i got so far:
float velocity;
float magnitude = myRigidBody.velocity.magnitude;
float vertical = Input.GetAxis ("Vertical");
if (Input.GetKeyUp(KeyCode.LeftShift)) {
boost = false;
}
if (Input.GetKeyDown (KeyCode.LeftShift)) {
boost = true;
}
if (!boost) {
velocity = vertical * speed;
Vector3 force = myRigidBody.transform.forward * velocity;
if (magnitude + force.sqrMagnitude < normalMaxSpeed) {
myRigidBody.drag = 0f;
myRigidBody.AddForce (force, ForceMode.Impulse);
} else if (magnitude + force.sqrMagnitude >= maxTrust + 50) {
myRigidBody.drag = 1.5f;
}
} else if ( magnitude < boostedMaxSpeed) {
velocity = vertical * (speed + speedBoost);
myRigidBody.AddForce (myRigidBody.transform.forward * velocity, ForceMode.Impulse);
This some what working but there must be a better solution other then changing drag.

Other than changing the drag, there are still other ways to do this. You just have to experiment to see which one works best.
1.Change the drag
myRigidBody.drag = 20f;
2.Add force to the opposite velocity.
public Rigidbody myRigidBody;
void FixedUpdate()
{
Vector3 oppositeVelocity = -myRigidBody.velocity;
myRigidBody.AddRelativeForce(oppositeVelocity);
}
3.Decrement or Lerp the current velocity back to the normal force.
public Rigidbody myRigidBody;
Vector3 normalForce;
void Start()
{
normalForce = new Vector3(50, 0, 0);
//Add force
myRigidBody.velocity = new Vector3(500f, 0f, 0f);
//OR
//myRigidBody.AddForce(new Vector3(500f, 0f, 0f));
}
void FixedUpdate()
{
//Go back to normal force within 2 seconds
slowDown(myRigidBody, normalForce, 2);
Debug.Log(myRigidBody.velocity);
}
bool isMoving = false;
void slowDown(Rigidbody rgBody, Vector3 normalForce, float duration)
{
if (!isMoving)
{
isMoving = true;
StartCoroutine(_slowDown(rgBody, normalForce, duration));
}
}
IEnumerator _slowDown(Rigidbody rgBody, Vector3 normalForce, float duration)
{
float counter = 0;
//Get the current position of the object to be moved
Vector3 currentForce = rgBody.velocity;
while (counter < duration)
{
counter += Time.deltaTime;
rgBody.velocity = Vector3.Lerp(currentForce, normalForce, counter / duration);
yield return null;
}
isMoving = false;
}
4.Change the dynamic friction of the Physics Material. You can't use this method because it requires collider which you don't have.
//Get the PhysicMaterial then change its dynamicFriction
PhysicMaterial pMat = myRigidBody.GetComponent<Collider>().material;
pMat.dynamicFriction = 10;
It's really up to you to experiment and decide which one works best for you. They are useful depending on what type of game you are making. For example, #4 is mostly used when rolling a ball because it uses physics material which requires frequent collision to actually work.
The method used in #3 gives you control over how long the transition should happen. If you need to control that then that's the choice.

How to make player bounce up and down?

I'm making a very simple android game but I am new at coding. I want my player to continuously go up and down the screen, but can't make it wordk.
public class DuckBehaviour : MonoBehaviour {
Vector3 velocity = Vector3.zero;
float speed = 1f;
float verticality;
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update () {
if (transform.position.y < Screen.height -10) {
velocity.y = 0.7f;
} else if (transform.position.y > 10) {
velocity.y = -0.7f;
}
transform.position += velocity * Time.deltaTime;
}
}

There appear to be two issues with the code. The first is that if the gameobject starts on screen as opposed to offscreen then its velocity will remain at Vector2.zero. The second issue is that Screen.height is in pixels but transform is in Unity's units. Hope this helps.
public class DuckBehaviour : MonoBehaviour {
Vector3 velocity = Vector3.zero;
float speed = 1f;
float verticality;
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
velocity.y = 0.7f;
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update () {
//Requires that an orthographic camera named "MainCamera" exists with y transform of 0
if (transform.position.y < -Camera.main.orthographicSize) {
velocity.y = 0.7f;
} else if (transform.position.y > Camera.main.orthographicSize) {
velocity.y = -0.7f;
}
transform.position += velocity * Time.deltaTime;
}
}

You could try something like this (taken from Unity forums - see here.
Beware, the code is not actually tested :)
public class DuckBehaviour : MonoBehaviour {
float speed = 1f;
float verticality;
Vector3 pointB;
IEnumerator Start () {
Vector3 pointA = transform.position;
while (true) {
yield return StartCoroutine(MoveObject(transform, pointA, pointB, 3.0));
yield return StartCoroutine(MoveObject(transform, pointB, pointA, 3.0));
}
}
IEnumerator MoveObject (Transform thisTransform, Vector3 startPos, Vector3 endPos, float time) {
float i = 0.0f;
float rate = 1.0f / time;
while (i < 1.0f) {
i += Time.deltaTime * rate;
thisTransform.position = Vector3.Lerp(startPos, endPos, i);
yield return null;
}
}
}
C# requires you to use the StartCoroutine method and any methods to be used as coroutines must return IEnumerator. This page explains how coroutines work.